Isiseko amandla kunye neetyuwa asidi oluqinile haydrolisis

Ukuze siqonde indlela ophuma iityuwa haydrolisis kwi izisombululo zabo zolwelo, ukuqalisa kwenkcazo inkqubo langoku.

Inkcazo ingakumbi haydrolisis

Le nkqubo ibandakanya isiphumo eekhemikhali ion zamanzi kunye ion ityuwa wambumba ngenxa isiseko obuthathaka (okanye acid) kunye notshintsho basabela esiphakathi. Nayiphi ityuwa angamelwa njengoko imveliso intsebenziswano kwemichiza phakathi isiseko kunye asidi. Kuxhomekeka yintoni na amandla abo ichonge ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo ukuhamba.

iintlobo haydrolisis

Xa chemistry wabheka iintlobo ezintathu yokusabela phakathi ukuse- kunye amanzi amtyuba. inkqubo nganye ikhutshwa phandle nge utshintsho pH, ngoko kuzakuthathwa ukulisebenzisa ukucacisa i index hydrogen iintlobo ezahlukeneyo indicators. Hi xikombiso, le litmus asidi medium esetyenziselwa nemfusa ਫ਼ੂਜਿੰਗ inkqubo obrak uyafaneleka. Hlalutya iimpawu ngaphezulu haydrolisis ngobuwena nganye. iziseko ezomeleleyo thathaka kumiselwa ukunyibilika itafile, nomkhosi acid ukubonwa yi kwetafile.

Haydrolisis le zesiqinisekiso

Njengoko umzekelo yetyuwa enjalo Cinga chloride ferric (2). iron hayidroksayidi (2) - isiseko ebuthathaka kwaye asidi enamandla zehydrochloric acid. Ngexesha indlela ngamanzi (haydrolisis) amiliswe of a yetyuwa esisiseko (hydroxychloride ferric 2) kwaye kwasekwa zehydrochloric acid. Kuyabonakala kwi isisombululo asidi, ukuba kunokwenzeka usebenzisa litmus yayo blue (pH ngaphantsi kwe-7). Ngaloo uyaqhubeka yi haydrolisis le zesiqinisekiso, njengoko isiseko buthathaka ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Omnye umzekelo kuba haydrolisis isimo. Cinga ityuwa wemagniziyam chloride. Magnesium hayidroksayidi - yinto isiseko buthathaka kwaye zehydrochloric acid - enamandla. Xa inkqubo yentsebenziswano kunye iimolekyuli zamanzi wemagniziyam chloride iguqulelwa ibe ityuwa esisiseko (hydroxychloride). Magnesium hayidroksayidi, ogama fomula ngokubanzi uchazwa M (OH) _2, ezinyibilikayo kancinane emanzini, kodwa inika isisombululo acid zehydrochloric enamandla, imeko asidi.

Le haydrolisis le anion

A ngobuwena ngakumbi luphawulwa haydrolisis ye ityuwa leyo eyenziwe isiseko esomeleleyo (kwealkali) kunye asidi. Njengoko ngumzekelo kulo mzekelo siqwalasela carbonate sodium.

Le ityuwa has isiseko sodium eyomeleleyo, yaye asidi buthathaka. Ukusebenzisana iimolekyuli zamanzi uqhubeka ekumiseni ityuwa acid - carbonate sodium, ngamanye yi haydrolisis yinto anion. Ngaphezu koko, oko kwasekwa isisombululo sodium hayidroksayidi, enika isisombululo kokusingqongileyo obrak.

Omnye umzekelo kule meko. Ipotaziyam sulfite - a ityuwa, nto leyo eyenziwe isiseko esomeleleyo - hayidroksayidi potassium, ngokuncipha kabi acid. Xa inkqubo yentsebenziswano ngamanzi (kuba haydrolisis) ezikhandelwa potassium hydrogensulfite (ityuwa acid) kunye potassium hayidroksayidi (kwealkali). Le eliphakathi kwi isisombululo awana, oko kuqinisekiswa usebenzisa ਫ਼ੂਜਿੰਗ inkqubo.

haydrolisis epheleleyo

Ityuwa asidi kunye nesiseko buthathaka ivavanywa haydrolisis epheleleyo. Zama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni inkalo yayo, yaye yintoni iimveliso kwakheka ngenxa basabela kwemichiza.

Hlalutya haydrolisis lwesiseko amandla kunye asidi e Example emanzini aluminiyam. Le ityuwa aluminium hayidroksayidi kuyilwa, nto leyo isiseko ibuthathaka kunye asidi, emanzini. Ukusabela ngamanzi waphawula haydrolisis epheleleyo, leyo ebangela ukuba kusekwe hydrogen igesi emanzini, kwakunye aluminium hayidroksayidi kwenze. intsebenziswano enjalo kwenzeka kunye zesiqinisekiso kunye anion, ke ngoko, loo haydrolisis uthathwa epheleleyo.

Kwakhona ukudibana engumzekelo olu hlobo ngamanzi netyuwa kunokukhokelela wemagniziyam emanzini. Njengenxalenye netyuwa wemagniziyam hayidroksayidi, oko ifomula - MG (OH) 2. Esi isiseko obuthathaka, ezingenakunyibilika emanzini. Ukongeza, acid apho hydrosulphuric, nto leyo ke uswele amandla wemagniziyam emanzini. Ukusabela ngamanzi kwenzeka haydrolisis epheleleyo (ngokuba zesiqinisekiso kunye anion), ukuba benze wemagniziyam hayidroksayidi kwenze kunye emanzini yakhululwa ngokohlobo igesi.

Ukuba sicinga haydrolisis ye ityuwa oluthi luqokelelane nge asidi eyomeleleyo kunye nesiseko esiluqilima, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayenzi ayivuzi. Le eliphakathi kwi izisombululo ze neetyuwa ezifana chloride, sodium nitrate, potassium, uhlala cala.

isiphelo

iziseko abomeleleyo nababuthathaka, iityuwa iasidi bayazibhijabhija, kuchaphazela ngesiphumo haydrolisis reaction eliphakathi kwi isisombululo ngenxa. iinkqubo ezinjalo ezisasazwa kwindalo.

Haydrolisis kubaluleke kakhulu inguqu eekhemikhali kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Iqulethe sulfides yesinyithi, ezinyibilikayo kancinane emanzini. Njengoko haydrolisis yabo kwenzeka ukuyilwa emanzini, ezikhutshwayo yayo ngexesha umsebenzi mlilo phezu kobuso bomhlaba.

rocks Silicate kwi hydroxides lenguqu, ibangela intshabalalo chu yengxondorha. Ngokomzekelo, ezifana malachite ngezimbiwa, nguye imveliso carbonates haydrolisis yobhedu.

inkqubo haydrolisis ngokunzulu kwakhona lwenzeka kwi elwandle. Hydrogen carbonates magnesium kunye calcium, ezo ndiyayithabatha emanzini, abe awana eliphakathi. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, inkqubo ogqwesileyo photosynthesis kwenzeka izityalo zaselwandle, izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle siqalisa ngokuzimisela.

I oyile kufuneka ubumdaka yamanzi kunye calcium nezinki iityuwa. Xa inkqubo ubilisa ioli, kuba intsebenziswano yabo kunye umphunga wamanzi. Ngexesha haydrolisis, hydrogen chloride ibunjiwe, leyo, phezu basabela kunye intsimbi lwenzeka ukutshatyalaliswa izixhobo.