Imizekelo abantu Russia. Amasiko nezithethe nabantu Russia

ilizwe lethu omkhulu, oko umiwe ngabantu abaninzi ezahlukeneyo zinokwahluka ukuphakama nokwakha, imilo iliso kunye nombala, isithethe nenkcubeko, unqulo kunye lwemveli. Imizekelo abantu Russia wayengakwazi nokuba ukukhokela umfundi yesiqhelo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo avareji, yaye oku ayimangalisi, ukususela kummandla bomthonyama ifundwa zonke izikolo Russian.

Eli nqaku lijonge ukuba atyhile ulwazi oluphambili engaziwayo kwaye ngexesha elinye ngokwenene umdla ngamasiko nezithethe abantu Russia. Umfundi uza kufumana ezininzi izibakala eziluncedo, apho kamva kuya kuba lula ukuqonda kwabo ngokunjalo, njengokuba yena ubizwa ngokuba Russian.

Enyanisweni, ingakumbi abantu Russia (ubuncinane abathile kubo, umzekelo, abahlala Far North) abuna- sekufika nkqu bahambi kakhulu ukuqonda kunye abanamava. Kule kunye nezinye izinto ngazo kweli nqaku.

Ukubunjwa yobuhlanga kwizizwana eRashiya. ulwazi jikelele

Indlela enkulu kunye enkulu kweli lizwe abantu ezahlukeneyo kwaye unamandla abahlala kuyo. Akumangalisi ke umgca ngemihla eSoviet Union zokundwendwela "Ubuzwe". Union ziwile, ukanti i-Russian Federation iyaqhubeka ukuba umbuso beentlanga, abahlala apho ngaphezu kwekhulu izizwe phantsi kwezulu efanayo.

Ngokutsho nobalo olwenziwa rhoqo kokuba Kungaphikiswa ukuba abantu bomthonyama ezakha Russian 90% yabemi, apho 81% - Russian. Bangaphi abantu abahlala eRashiya? Izazinzulu ethnographers athi impendulo elula lo mbuzo akuyi kusebenza, kwaye iingxelo zabo, bakholisa ukuba ihlanganise abantu bemveli kweli lizwe kweli qela, umgama yayo ngayo emhlabeni nje kuphela, kodwa kwezenkcubeko ngokwembali. Xa iyonke, eli lizwe ezingaphezu kwe-180 kuluntu zembali. Unqulo ezizwe of Russia nazo ingqalelo kukhetho.

Nabameli ezininzi kangaka na uhlanga kweli lizwe, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukutsalela ingqalelo abantu ezincinane kakhulu, ogama inkcubeko kunye nendlela yokuphila zidla yayisecicini yokutshabalala. zibakala ayinakutshintshwa kwiimeko ezininzi ibonisa ukuba inani kwamaqela eentlanga, nalapho uninzi lwethu Ndikuvile ebegqwese ukuhla. Kungenxa yoko le nto uRhulumente wethu uye kakhulu isigqibo ubhalo ukuthetha ngamasiko nezithethe izizwe weRashiya kwisizukulwana esitsha ukususela kwiiklasi sokuqala kwisikolo ezibanzi. Ekuqaleni, konke oku wakhonza ngokohlobo iintsomi kunye amavo, yaye kamva, kunye abafundi iklasi 7-8 eqhelene ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi indlela yobomi kunye nenkcubeko.

Little-eyaziwa abahlali lizwe

Kukho abameli abantu Russia, malunga apho Asizanga sive nokuva ngayo. Musa ukukholwa ndim? Ngenxa yesizathu esibalulekileyo. Nangona ndimele ndithi ukuba eneneni ke kancinane. Inkcazelo abantu Russia, ngubani bakwazi ukulondoloza inkcubeko yawo, amasiko awo, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo ukholo kunye nendlela yokuphila, bafanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Vodlozero

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba Karelia ichibi Abantu abahlala okanye ekuthiwa-Vodlozero. Noko ke, kude kube ngoku uye wahlala kwiilali ezintlanu kuphela, abemi kuyo, kukho abantu kungekho ngaphezulu kwama-550. abazali bazo abasuka eMoscow Novgorod. Ngaphandle koku Vodlozerye nangoku asimoyikanga amasiko Slavic. Umzekelo, emahlathini ngendlela odolwe, ukuba ngaphambili Mandibucamagushe ubuso inkosi yakhe - ngumtyholi. Wonke umzingeli kufuneka enze umnikelo wokudla; ukuba bawuthwale ifileyo njengesipho.

Semey

Imizekelo abantu Russia abuyonto ngaphandle kokuchaza malunga Semeiskie. Baye indlela yabo yokuphila kubonakala ukuthatha ubomi ngamaxesha pre-Petrine. Ezi nabameli bezizwe Russia zithathwa ukuba Amakholwa Old, kanye zibe ummandla Trans-zamanzi. Igama livela uhlanga yegama elithi 'ekhaya. " Ngokutsho kubalo-2010, inabemi abantu 2,500. Unique amasiko nezithethe zabo nangoku eziqala, t. E. Little iye yatshintsha kususela kwimihla wooyise. qho ngonyaka kwezi ndawo ezitsala izazinzulu kulo lonke ihlabathi ukuze bafunde nezigcaliselo nabantu Russia. Hi ndlela leyi, asinguye wonk 'ubani uyazi ukuba le lali amakhaya Semey namhlanje kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-250.

Russkoustintsy

isizwe sakhe ukuvela kukho uphuhliso eSiberia ngenkulungwane XVII. Nabafiki i Cossacks kunye nonxweme-abahlali kanye apha edala amaqela sub-yobuhlanga. Nangona imeko enzima apho, ubuncinane ngokuyinxenye, wakwazi ukuba alondoloze inkcubeko nolwimi.

Chaldony

Leyo yindlela Siberians ebizwa kwabantu bokuqala Russian kwinkulungwane XVI. Igama elifanayo inzala yabo. Namhlanje chaldonov ngendlela efanayo kakhulu ubomi nokuxubana phambi ukusekwa amandla njengenkosana. Ukohluka kakuhle babo ngolo lwimi, inkangeleko, inkcubeko ngokupheleleyo ngokungafaniyo nayiphi Slavic okanye Mongoloid. Okubuhlungu kukuba, chaldony, njengezinye iintlanga ezincinane, afe ngokuthe ngcembe.

Zatundrennye abalimi

Bona zithathwa ngokuba inzala ka-Eastern Pomerania. Le ngabantu abanobubele kakhulu ngokukhutheleyo udibane nabanye. Bona luphawulwa yinkcubeko badla unique, ukholo kunye nezithethe. Noko ke, ngo-2010, abalimi ukuba zatundrennym ubalwe abantu 8 kuphela.

abantu abasengozini alo ilizwe: i Khanty and Mansi

abantu ezinxulumene Khanty kunye Mansi baba kanye abazingeli mkhulu. Uzuko isibindi nenkalipho yabo beza indlela eya eMoscow. Namhlanje, zombini iintlanga zimelwe nabahlali Khanty-Mansiysk ஜோடி isilungelelanisi. Ekuqaleni, le ndawo kufuphi nomlambo OB yaba Hunt echibini. izizwe Mansi waqala ukuhlala kuyo kude kuye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, emva koko yaqala ukukhuthazwa esebenzayo yabantu kwiindawo ezisemantla nasempuma mmandla. Yiloo nto ukholo ukuqondana, inkcubeko, indlela yabo yokuphila isekelwe ubunye nendalo, kuba Khanty kunye Mansi kakhulu yokuphila hlathi.

Ezi nabameli bezizwe Russia akazange abe umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwezilwanyana nabantu. Indalo kunye nezilwanyana ebesoloko wema kwindawo yokuqala. Ngoko ke, abantu balelwa ukulungisa kufutshane iindawo isilwanyana amiweyo kunye nokuloba azisetyenziswa womnatha sincinane.

Phantse zonke izilwanyana ubezukile yena. Ngenxa yoko, kwiinkolelo zawo, ibhere yazala ibhinqa lokuqala, kwaye umlilo wanika iinkwenkwezi zeBhere Great; Ixhama - uphawu ubutyebi negunya; Beaver kwaye banetyala isibakala ukuba sibulela kuye Khanty weza imvelaphi Vasyugan River. Namhlanje, izazinzulu unexhala lokuba uphuhliso oyile kunganeziphumo kuchaphazela uluntu beaver nje kuphela, kodwa endleleni yobomi kubantu bonke.

Huskies - northerners abanekratshi

Eskimos kuhlala phantsi kwi Chukotka Ukuzilawula District. Oku, mhlawumbi, abantu yasempuma kwilizwe lethu, imvelaphi okuhlala ephikisayo unanamhla. lokuzingela ezanyisayo yeyona umsebenzi omkhulu. De phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX ngencam umkhonto kunye harpoon rotary eyenziwe ngethambo aba izixhobo ezingundoqo kuzingela.

Kokucaphula imizekelo abantu Russia, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba Eskimos ngenkankulu ngayo ubuKristu. Ayekholelwa emimoyeni, ukutshintsha imeko yomntu, izenzakalo indalo. UMdali ihlabathi ingqalelo Sila - umdali kunye umniniyo, ngokugcina iliso umyalelo yonqulo ukunqulwa kwezinyanya. Sedna, umnikazi ulwandle, wathumela Eskimos ixhoba. Imimoya ezibangela ilishwa nezifo, ezotywe UDema okanye, phezu koko,-Anaki. Shaman, wayehlala phantse zonke zokuhlala. Njengoko umlamleli phakathi komntu noomoya abakhohlakeleyo, waqukumbela ubuhlobo uxolo, yaye kangangexesha elithile le Eskimos wahlala yoxolo noxolo.

Nanini ukuloba kuphumelele, amalungiselelo iiholide yokuloba. Kwakhona wahlela imibhiyozo imbeko ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni kwexesha kuzingela. Iintsomi Rich, engaqhelekanga Arctic neNkcubeko (nangokukrola kunye nemiqadi emathanjeni) kanye kwakhona zingqina ukohluka le Eskimos. Ipropati abantu Russian, kuquka nabo inokubonwa kwiimyuziyam ngenkcazo ikomkhulu likaThixo.

Famous adle Russian - Koryak

Ukuthetha bangaphi abantu abahlala eRashiya okwangoku, singasathethi ke Koryak abahlala eKamchatka kunye Chukotka Peninsula. Kolu hlanga usenayo imikhondo Okhotsk inkcubeko, apho yayikhona leminyaka AD yokuqala. Kungunozala izinto zitshintshile kwinkulungwane XVII, xa ukuyilwa ubudlelwane Koryak-Russian. Collectivism - isiseko ubomi babantu.

inqubo yabo ezinxulumene sinqule. Oku kuthetha ukuba waphefumlela zonke ngeenxa kakhulu ixesha elide: ematyeni, izityalo, indalo. Kwakhona ngokwemimiselo yabo zenzeka nemimoya. Lithatha kwiindawo ezingcwele, idini, izinto isiko - konke oku xa intliziyo ngamasiko Koryak.

Zonke iiholide Koryak baba kwaye ngamaxesha athile. adle Spring sibhiyozela iimpondo (Kilwa), kwaye ukuwa - imini elk kuxheliweyo. Kwiintsapho apho mawele azalwe, amalungiselelo wolf yeholide kuzalwa babegqalwa nezalamane ezi ezizingelayo. Kuzo zonke iziganeko ngokucacileyo ngokubonakalayo ukuxelisa izilwanyana: ukudanisa, ukucula. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umgaqo-nkqubo yolondolozo lwelifa lemveli kunye nelifa unique abantu Koryak.

Tofalars - isizwe shwaka ummandla Irkutsk

Inkcazelo zabantu Russia akunakwenzeka ngaphandle Tofa, iqela uhlanga abantu abangaphezu kwama-700, nto leyo limile kummandla kummandla Irkutsk. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uninzi Tofa - Orthodox, nobushaman iyaqhubeka unanamhla.

Eyona engundoqo imisebenzi aba bantu - lokuzingela adle elusa. Xa isiselo endimthandayo elk ubisi abilile okanye idityaniswe iti. Logama nje Tofalars babe ngabantu ungenzi nto, ikhaya labo waba ngengca etsobhileyo. Kutshanje, igazi ecocekileyo abantu lulahlekile. Noko ke, amasiko, izithethe nemasiko Tofalars yamandulo isekhona.

abantu unique abanekratshi - Archi

Namhlanje Archi - iqela elincinane uhlanga ukuba, xa 1959 ubalo ke zibalwa phakathi Avars. Nangona oku iinkcukacha yokuphila olucacileyo abantu kuvunyelwa ukuba ulwimi lwabo. Modern Archi makahloniphe inkcubeko yabo, abaninzi kubo imfundo ephakamileyo. Nakuba kunjalo, izikolo bafundiswa kuphela ngolwimi yaseAvar.

Yintoni Archi ulwimi yaseAvar, kwakhona kubonisa ukuba olu hlanga elikhulu, kubaluleke lwentlalo. Ubomi babantu ayikho phantsi utshintsho zehlabathi. Youth akafuni ukuba bayishiye ilali, kwemitshato exutyiweyo - lwepaki. Nangona, Kakade ke, kukho ilahleko ngokuthe ngcembe isiko.

abantu Bangaphi eRashiya, izithethe ezininzi kangaka. Umzekelo, esibhiyozela ngoloyiso, Archi akuthethi uhombise umthi weKrismesi, yaye benxibe neetyali uboya kunye neminqwazi ezenziwe ngesikhumba segusha iqale nomdaniso kusitsho lezginka zurna, igubu kunye kumuza.

Le yokugqibela yabantu Vod

Siza kuqhubeka ukunika imizekelo abantu Russia. Inani labemi abantu Vod abantu ngokulambisa 100. Baya bahlala kummandla kwiNgingqi Leningrad yanamhlanje.

Vod - Orthodox. Noko ke, nangona oku, sekunjalo iintsalela ubuhedeni abe nendawo ukuba, ekuqalekeni lwekhulu XX ukuba aba lolu animalism - unqulo imithi, amatye. Namasiko kufezwa ngokuvumelana iintsuku kwikhalenda. Ngomhla elandulela Ivan Kupala omlilo, yaye amantombazana athathiwe ndiyaqikelela. E ngomhla kaEliya neyathi yaququzelelwa nezidlo ngokuhlangeneyo kunye nokuloba lokuhlambulula. Okokuqala wambamba iintlanzi nowento ekroqiweyo, ngoko bewuhlisele ibuyele emanzini. Ukukhetha siyofa drive Ndaphelelwa phezu kwamathole lawo. Sisathandana, njengoko kuchasene nomsinga, yahlulwe yaba nezigaba ezibini: enyanisweni, isuti, umtshakazi nomyeni kwananwe izibambiso necuba, xa matchmakers ziye etshaya icuba, wadla izonkana eziyolisa intliziyo.

Ngethuba ukulungiselela umtshato zingaqondwa weva ukulila izithethe. Exakayo, i lomtshato "double-yaphela" yaba kwinkulungwane XIX: emva komtshato, umyeni waya kubhiyozela yena neendwendwe zakhe, enyanisweni, ngokunjalo umtshakazi. Yaye kude kube phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX ngexesha umsitho lomtshato lomtshakazi wacheba iinwele phezu kwentloko yakhe, ngokungathi ukufuzisela inguqu neqonga entsha - iqonga ubomi emtshatweni.

Nivkhs - abahlali iyavuma Territory

Nivkhs - abantu, ibekwe kwi iyavuma Territory. Inani ngaphezulu kwama 4,500. Kubonakala ngathi le nto kangako, ukuba uthatha u ingqalelo ukuba bangaphi abantu abaninzi bahlala eRashiya okwangoku, Noko ke, konke oko kuthethwayo, Wena kufuneka ukuthelekisa, umzekelo, kunye nabantu Vod. Nivkh kuthethwa njengoko Nivkh, kunye iilwimi IsiRussian. Kukholelwa ukuba inzala abemi yamandulo Sakhalin.

yezandla zemveli zithathwa ukuba ukuloba, lokuzingela indibano. Ukongeza, inja lokuzalanisa esinye sezifundo eziphambili Nivkh. Oko nje kuphela kusetyenziswa izinja nje isithuthi, kodwa uyawondla; ayithunge iingubo zabo enjeni neentsuba.

Unqulo esemthethweni - Orthodox. Noko ke, de kwinkulungwane ye XX walondoloza iinkolelo zesithethe. Umzekelo, ukunqulwa ibhere. Bear Festival lalikhatshwa ekubulaweni izilwanyana yakhuliswa ehokweni. Ukuhlonipha ngemvelo, kusengqiqweni ukusebenzisa izipho bayo Nivkhs egazini. Iintsomi Rich, ubugcisa kunye nokuchwela, lwako sisasetyenziswayo kudluliselwa ukusuka emlonyeni ukusa emlonyeni.

Abantu bomthonyama ye Yamal-Nenets Ukuzilawula District

abantu abambalwa kakhulu kunokuba Selkups andazifumana liphela North. Ngokutsho sabantu, inani labo abantu 1700 kuphela kubalo wokugqibela. Igama abantu kuvela ngqo zobuzwe lithetha "ihlathi man". Selkups ngokwemveli abazibandakanya yokuloba nokuzingela, kunye nawo. De kwinkulungwane XVII, oko kukuthi, lo gama nje abarhwebi Russian Sendisicwaba ukuthengisa, inxaxheba ekuphuhliseni unokwakhela, imicu.