Yintoni sunspots? Yintoni eyaziwayo malunga nenzululwazi amabala ilanga

Okwangoku sunspots ayikho nje isenzeko twisisaka, njengoko, umzekelo, phakathi kule nkulungwane yeminyaka. Wonke umntu ohlala iplanethi yethu ekuhambeni loo mnyama ezincinane kunzima ukubona ngaphandle izixhobo ekhethekileyo mthombo yobushushu kunye nokukhanya. Kodwa asingabo bonke siyazi into yokuba akhokelela amadangatye elanga, nto leyo enokuchaphazela kakhulu intsimi yimagnethi yomhlaba.

definition

Ngamagama alula, i sunspots - kwiindawo omnyama kwakheka kwi kumphezulu kwelanga. Kuyinto yimpazamo ukukholelwa ukuba ngaba umsindo ukukhanya okukhulu, kodwa xa simthelekisa abanye photosphere zinjalo mnyama kakhulu. eziphambili iimpawu zazo uvikivwa lobushushu. Ngenxa yoko, sunspots elanga iqatsela nama-1500 Kelvins ngaphezu kwezinye iindawo ezingqongileyo. Enyanisweni, bamele kanye kwindawo apho amasimi ngemagnethi akhiwe phezu komhlaba. Ngenxa kule meko sinokuthetha senkqubo enjalo, njengoko umsebenzi ngemagnethi. Ngako oko, ukuba ibala lincinane, ngoko ke kuthiwa lithuba cwaka, yaye xa kukho ezininzi, ngoko eli xesha liya kubizwa ngokuba esebenzayo. Ngexesha ukukhanya yokugqibela kokuqaqamba kwelanga kancinane ngenxa izibane kunye Plage, ibekwe kwiindawo ezimnyama.

isifundo

Ukwakhelwa sunspots lwenziwa ixesha elide, kuba iingcambu zawo emva kweli xesha BC. Ngoko ke, uTheophrastus Aquinas ngakumbi kule BC ngenkulungwane IV. e. ngemisebenzi yakhe ekhankanywe ubukho babo. Lo mzobo lokuqala lifathul phezu komhlaba inkwenkwezi zaseprayimari yabhaqwa 1128, ekuso John eWorcester. Ukongeza, kwimisebenzi yamandulo ukukhankanywa ngenkulungwane XIV amabala abamnyama elanga. Science kuyaqala ngokukhawuleza ukuze bazibandakanye kwizifundo zabo 1600s. Abaphengululi abaninzi kwelo xesha, mayilandelwe inguqulo sunspots - ezinambuzelayo emhlabeni iLanga, axis-langa. Kodwa le ntsomi kwaze kwaphela ngemva kokusungulwa ezinjengeetelescope yi uGalileo. Yena ufumana kuqala owakhe ukuba amabala alohlukaniswa kubume elanga kakhulu. Esi siganeko zavelisa iliza enamandla yophando akubonayo, nto leyo akayeki ukususela. Uphononongo ngoku ngobambana ngokobubanzi bawo. Kwiminyaka engama-400 lwenkqubela kulo mmandla iye buqapheleke, kwaye ngoku Belgium i-Royal Observatory izibandakanye ngokubala inani sunspots, kodwa ukuxelwa zonke iinkalo le nto yokuba lusaqhubeka.

ukubonakala

Esikolweni abantwana bafunda ubukho lo mhlaba otsalayo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ekhankanywe kuphela ingxenye poloidal. Kodwa imfundiso sunspots nayo ibandakanya ukufunda into toroidal, Kakade ke, sithetha lo mhlaba otsalayo kwelanga. Umhlaba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubala, kuba akukho kubonakala phezu komhlaba. Enye simo umzimba wasezulwini. Xa iimeko ethile ngokuhlangeneyo ityhubhu magnetic pops ngaphandle nge photosphere. Njengoko ugqibe kokukhutshwa kweziphumo kweli yokuba phezu kwamanzi sunspots kwakheka. Oku kwenzeka ngokufuthi ezininzi, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ingxinano iindawo iqela kakhulu.

izakhiwo

I-avareji lobushushu lwe Sun ufikelela 6000 K, ngelixa amatshatshazi, kuba malunga 4000 K. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuthintela ukuba baqhubeke ukwenza isixa olomeleleyo ukukhanya. Sunspots nemimandla esebenzayo, okt iqela amabala, kufuneka amagama ezahlukeneyo yobukho. Eyokuqala bukhona ku iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki eziliqela. Kodwa zangaphambili kakhulu singapheli ngakumbi kwaye makahlale photosphere kangangeenyanga. Ke isakhiwo ndawo ngamnye ngamnye, kubonakala kunzima. Inxalenye engundoqo ibizwa isithunzi ebukeka obungabangeli mdla. Kwelinye icala, oko ejikelezwe yi penumbra, kuyaphawuleka ukuba Ukwahluka yayo. Ngenxa wadibana plasma abandayo kulo yaye into ngemagnethi intlokoma buqapheleke. Amacala sunspots, kwakunye nenombolo yabo maqela kuba kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo.

kobude umsebenzi elanga

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba inqanaba lomsebenzi elanga esoloko itshintsha. Le meko iye yabangela ukuba ukuvela ingqiqo umjikelo weminyaka eli-11. Sunspots, ukubonakala kwazo kunye nani ngokusondeleyo kakhulu enxibelelene esi senzeko. Nangona kunjalo, lo mbandela ngowona impikiswano, ukususela omnye umjikelo ziyahluka ukusuka kwiminyaka-9 ukuya kwi-14, kwakunye inqanaba umsebenzi rhoqo uziguqule kwekhulu leminyaka. Ngenxa yoko, kusenokubakho amaxesha ukuzola ethile, xa iindawo ngaphezu konyaka omnye azinako bengekho. Kodwa isenokuba esahlukileyo xa inani labo ithathwa ukuba engaqhelekanga. Phambi kokuqala komjikelo esibuyel'emva yaqala kunye ubuncinane umsebenzi elanga. Kodwa ke kokufika ngcono nobuchwepheshe ekubaleni lwenziwa ukususela kwixesha xa ezichaseneyo watshintsha amabala. Idatha kwi imisebenzi elidlulileyo elanga ziyafumaneka ukulungiselela isifundo, kodwa kunqabile ukuba kube umncedisi unyanisekileyo ukuqashisela ikamva, kuba uhlobo ilanga ke akucingeleki kakhulu.

Impembelelo planethi

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba nesenzeko otsalayo kwi Ilanga ngokusondeleyo ukusebenzisana kunye kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Umhlaba qho uhlaselwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle. impembelelo yabo emibi umhlaba ukhuselwe magnetosphere kunye emoyeni. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, abakwazi ukuba uxhobile ngokupheleleyo. Hewana Ngoko, ukungaphumeleli anokuzuzwa, unomathotholo owaphukileyo, kwaye oosomajukujuku zixhomekeke engozini. Ukongeza, isiphumo yemisebe kutshintsho lwemozulu, imbonakalo nkqu bomntu. Kukho ikho into amabala ilanga emzimbeni, ukubonakala phantsi kweultraviolet light.

Lo mbuzo iye kufundwe ngokwaneleyo, kwakunye nempembelelo sunspots kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu. Enye simo ukuba ixhomekeke ukuphazamiseka owahluke ngokwemvelo, ekunokuthiwa ngayo ezimibalabala aurora. izaqhwithi Magnetic ziye zaba enye neziphumo ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze umsebenzi elanga. Bamele kwenye intsimi lwangaphandle ijikeleza uMhlaba, leyo eyayingqalene njalo. izazinzulu Modern baye banda ukusweleka ezinxulumene, kwakunye exacerbation kwezifo kwenkqubo sentliziyo kunye kokufika lo mhlaba otsalayo ngokwayo. Kwaye phakathi abantu kude ngcembe waqalisa ukuba ibe neenkolelo.