Mlilo Hekla - ubungangamsha lomlilo-eziphefumlayo

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi apho mlilo Hekla kwimaphu. Wonke umntu phezu imilebe idlelane layo igama unpronounceable, nto leyo ngo-2010 kwanyanzeleka abakhweli-moya ukuze ukhumbule igama embi Iceland kunye nomsebenzi wayo ukubona. Kodwa Hekla ke eziyingozi kakhulu kwaye singanyangekiyo nomsi udade wabo. Ukususela migodi zayo abadli ngokuba waphula ikholam umlotha, onako amanqaku iinjini jet, kwaye umthombo yayiyeyona lomlilo, lava kunye iziqhushumbisi mlilo. Hekla na enolaka, engalindelekanga, imfihlo. Iceland uthambise mlilo zabo kuphela amagama ababhinqileyo. Mhlawumbi bayazi amandla kunye namandla wesiqingatha efanelekileyo yoluntu, xa bathe bazise into ngaphandle eseleyo - besini buthathaka kuzo kwezi zihlandlo ayifani ncam ukubiza. Yaye Hekla kunye Katla udade wabo kwisiqithi amavo. Makhe uqhelane nale silo mlilo-ukuphefumla.

Gateway Esihogweni

Ukuba wabuza indela aphakathi Cistercian malunga nendawo ye-mlilo Hekla, akazange athandabuze ukuba baphendule ukuba emnyango ukuya kwelabafileyo. Le imiphefumlo aboni, ke mawungcwatywe umzimba, ngoko uluhlu ngomlomo niye emlilweni ongunaphakade apho nokutshixiza kwamazinyo. A indela Benedict, becula kwivesi ubomi St. yayinguBrendan, ebizwa ngokuba Hekla emhadini wakwaYuda. A Iceland elula ukuya kwinkulungwane XIX babeqinisekile ukuba phezulu kwalo mlilo kwi amagqwirha Easter nomhlambi ukudanisa. Kutheni Hekla yabangela basekuhlaleni uloyiko ezinjalo, uloyiko kunye nokunconywa ngexesha elifanayo? Ukususela ngoko, abantu baye kuhlala siqithi, eli ubuhle ezilukhuni ubonisa off umsindo wakhe edubulayo izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama mabini. Kunye nendlela "fane" Kunzima ukuqikelela. Igama "Hecla" livela igama yokwaleka elifutshane nge tot. On top of entabeni apho kusoloko kukho ilifu, ukusuka kumgama ufana tot.

Ntoni izazinzulu?

Uququzelelo geographical of the mlilo Hekla - 63,98 ° inkululeko kumantla yaye 19,70 ° nezide ngasempumalanga. Le ibekwe kwi ntshonalanga ye Iceland, malunga neekhilomitha ezilikhulu ukusuka kwikomkhulu Reykjavik. Xa Uhlobo stratovolcano Hekla bobabo. Kuye kwasekwa evela neentanda yomgama. Ngenxa iqhuma rhoqo ukuphakama kwentaba iyatshintsha. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1948 sasifana kwi-1 502 m, kodwa kamva umngxuma inciphisiwe. Ngoku ukukhula Hekla ngu 1488 m. Oku yinxalenye kummango eyandisiweyo wawa lavas andesitic kunye basaltic. ubude sibange mlilo ifikelela iikhilomitha ezintlanu. Kodwa xa wayeneminyaka engama-Hekla ngokoMthetho zejoloji phantse bobusana - kwiminyaka nje 6600.

mlilo enkulu

Nangona kunjalo, knembali elingephi lo mlilo Hekla e Iceland waba ububi ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Dendrochronology (isifundo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwizityalo yefosili) ukufumanisa ukuba kwiminyaka engamawaka amane kwaye kananjalo 2800 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kubekho mlilo enkulu kulo mlilo. Kwalomu ka umsi ucuthe ubushushu moya kumntla ikhweyitha iminyaka embalwa, kunye nentwana wentaba-mlilo, oososayensi bafumene kwi amadobo afanayo of Ireland kunye Scotland, kwakunye yezwekazi eYurophu. Esokuqala ezibhalwe imithombo ebhaliweyo mlilo kwenzeka ngo-1104. Xa kwamaxandeka zeentaba zigqunywe ngamahlathi, kodwa ngoku ze ngokupheleleyo. urhulumente Iceland xa ufuna ukwenza iprojekthi fabulously eninzi phezu egadini ephakeme.

Intaba Hekla mlilo ukususela ixesha ndizole?

Izazinzulu ziye zafumana ipatheni: i elide ixesha eliphakathi iqhuma, i izitya ezi uhlaselwe uqhushululu. Kodwa ngethamsanqa, namhlanje mlilo "chudit" sele kanye leminyaka. Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, oko nodlame 1947-48, 1970, 1980, 1981, 1991 no-2000. iziganeko zakutsha ebuhlungu okubangele iingxwelerha yabantu kwenzeka ngo-1766 no 1947-1948. Kodwa ngenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye, lo mlilo Hekla alikhange kodwa wabonakalaliswa ngokwayo. Kwaye oko ezothusayo. Ekubeni uhlobo akulinikwanga wobuhle ke akucingeleki, ngokwenene. Wezazi bathi, ngokungafaniyo nezinye mlilo, Hekla kwixesha elifutshane kakhulu kwexesha phakathi kokuqala kwekhefu dubulo kunye udaka engcolisayo. Ngoko, ukulahlwa kokuhlangula kakhulu isuntswana ixesha baphume abantu.

Zokulindela dubulo

Thathela ingqalelo ukuba mlilo Hekla lokugqibela nodlame ekupheleni kukaFebruwari 2000, yaye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ziintshukumo zenyikima yahlaziyelwa qho kwiminyaka elishumi, oosonzululwazi silindele yesiqalo esitsha imihla ngemihla. Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso uya kuba yintoni. Ngamanye amaxesha iqhuma kwenzeka iintsuku eziliqela, yaye ngowe-1947 Hekla kwaphela ngaphezu konyaka. Ukukhusela abantu kwimiphumo inyikima nokukhululwa entsha udaka uthuthu, Geophysics wabeka kubunzulu kweekhilomitha elinesithandathu ukusuka phezulu boluvo, ezithwala lonke ulwazi malunga nemeko lolu daka ngaphakathi ehlola mlilo yimingxuma. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho intshukumo, ndineemfesane Hekla ayivezi. Ezinye iindawo phezu komhlaba mlilo eshushu, kodwa kwisiqithi Iceland kuya isothuse mntu. Crater lwenziwa ehamba ukhenketho, kwaye urhulumente uthi ukuba bakhuselekile ngokupheleleyo ubomi abakhenkethi.