Yintoni inomdla? Le yinzuzo, inzuzo yezinto eziphathekayo

Yintoni inomdla? Le yinzuzo, inzuzo yezinto eziphathekayo. Kwakhona eli gama lingathetha umlingiswa. Iyintoni igama elichazayo igama elizikhethela lona?

Ixabiso elipheleleyo

Kwimibuzo yento eyithandayo, uVladimir Dahl waphendula ngendlela elandelayo: umdla wokuphila, ukufunyanwa, ukuhaha ngemali, ukukrakra, ukuxhamla kwinzuzo. Ngaphantsi kweli gama unakho ukuqonda iingenelo, inzuzo okanye inzuzo.

Kwi-art folk ubugcisa, kukho ezininzi izagawu eziphendula umbuzo malunga nokuhaha. Ngokomnye wabo, ngaphandle kwesi simpawu somntu awukwazi ukuthengisa. Ngokutsho komnye-umdla, ukuba akuyilungile, ikusasa ayihambi. Nangona kunjalo, yintoni inomdla? Ngaba ikhona? Ingaba ingqiqo yokuba "inzala" inokuthi inxibelelwano efanelekileyo?

Iimpawu ezifanayo

Unokutshintsha iindibi ezinjengobukratshi, ubuqili, ukuhaha, ingcamango yemali "yokuhaha". Injongo yeli gama kwiRashiya yanamhlanje ihluke ngenye indlela kwi-semantic intsingiselo yokuba yayineminyaka eyikhulu okanye amabini amabini edlulileyo. Ngaphambili, kwintetho eqhelekileyo, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi malunga nokushishino nombono "wokuzimela". Intsingiselo yegama kulo mzekelo ayinalo uphawu olubi. Umsebenzi, ozisa imali, ubizwa ngokuba ngumdla. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesiprofetho ngale ngqiqo zinenzuzo, inenzuzo, inika inzuzo.

Ukuba umntu watsheliwe ukuba akayikuzimela, kodwa ehlwempuzekileyo, kwakuthetha ukuba wayeyingozi kakhulu. Umzekeliso "ongeyena u-mercenary, kodwa ungangciki" ungasetyenziselwa ishishini elingazange lizise nayiphi na inzuzo, kodwa ayizange ibangele ingozi. Izifaniso zesibhengezo, ezenziwe kwigama, ixabiso elinikezelwe kweli nqaku, linceda, linenzuzo, lilungile.

Ukuzondla lizwi ligama elisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa ngendlela yokukhula, inzala. Izenzi, izichazi ezivela kweli gama zinikezelwa ngezantsi. Kodwa ezininzi zazo azizisebenzisi kwinkulumo yanamhlanje.

Amagama afanayo

Umntu owayenomdla wobutyebi wayebizwa ngokuba ngumntu ozingca. Eli gama lisetyenziswe ngokunxulumene nalowo ongakhethiyo ngendlela yokuzuza inzuzo. Ukubandakanya ngemali kuthetha ukuphinda ulandele iinjongo zamanqanaba. Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukuxakeka-ukuze ufumane inzuzo. Amanye amagama ayingcambu enye: i-avarice, i-mercenary, ikratshi. Ezi zibizo zinikezwa kwisichazizwi seDal. Kwiintetho zanamhlanje, azikwazi ukuba zifanelekileyo. Kuwo onke amagama angentla namhlanje, zimbini kuphela ezifunyenwe ngomlomo nangokusetyenziswa okubhaliweyo: ukuzimela, inzala.

IAntonyms

Iingcamango ezichasene nengqiqo kwibinzana elithi "umntu ozikhuphayo" ngumntu ongathandabuzekiyo, ongenabuthixo, ongenabugovu. U mzekelo:

1. Umlobi uzama ukubonakala engaphendulwanga, kwaye ke wagwema naziphi na iziganeko ezinokugweba umntu onomdla kuye.
2. U-Altrust ngumntu owenza inzuzo yabanye, kungekhona ukufuna iinjongo zobugovu.

Amazwi amnandi

Ukuzondla ngumntu ongenaphutha. Ngokuphathelele kuye kuninzi kubalobi, izafilosofi kunye neebongozi. Umongameli weGrike wamaGrike uChilo wagxeka ukuba nayiphi na isohlwayo singcono kunokuba nobuhaha obubi. Emva koko, owokuqala unokudumala kuphela. Ukuzimela-ngonaphakade.

Omnye umdala wasendulo - uSallust - wayekholelwa ukuba i-avarice iyancipha abantu beemvakalelo ezixabisekileyo. Uthando olunjalo lwabazali, intsapho, umnqweno wobubele kunye nococeko.

Umlobi wasePersi uRumi Jalaleddin wayenesiqiniseko sokuthi ubomi bokuzimela emphefumlweni womntu wonke. Yena, njengamanye amanqweno, ugugu kuphela kumkhonzi wothando. I-Fonvizin kule ndawo yenkcubeko ibonakaliswe kakhulu, njengonobungozi bomntu. Kodwa, njengoJalaleddin, umbhali wagxininisa ukuba uthando luyomelele kunokwenkanuko.

Ifilosofi yaseTshayina uHong Zychen uncetyiswa ukuba asuse ingcamango yobugovu. Ukususela ekubukeleni kwabo, ulwazi lujika lube lingenangqiqo, ubunzima buyikwesaba, kwaye ucoceko bubungendawo. Kodwa uVoltaire akazange acinge ukuba inzala yakhe yinto ebalulekileyo kakhulu. Olunye ulwaphulo-mthetho, ngokubhaliweyo umbhali waseFransi, lunokwenza ubukhwele.

Singaxelela ukuba abantu banomdla ngokuzikhethela ngamnye inkulungwane. UMargaret Mitchell, umzekelo, ucebise ukuba angadibanisi le mpazamo enesimo esifanelekileyo sokuziphatha njengento yangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, umbhali waseMelika (okanye iqhawe lakhe) wavuma ukuba le nto ifanayo. UJohn Kennedy wathi abantu abangathandekiyo bahlala kuphela kwiingcamango, ngelixa bebanomdla abanomdla kuninzi. Emva koko, banemali, kwaye bayakwazi ukuthenga phantse yonke into, kubandakanywa izilwanyana.