Entoni Bler: engobomi, izibakala umdla, imisebenzi yezopolitiko

Isiphelo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini yaba lixesha ekomelezeni ibonwe US nempembelelo kwezopolitiko ehlabathini, ixesha iingxabano zasekuhlaleni rhoqo ehlabathini lonke. Indima yangaphambili amagunya enkulu yaseYurophu nqabile, yaye kanye ngelo xesha, wawa ebudeni bolawulo Entoni Blera. Waba yinkokeli cinci Labour Party, iNkulumbuso omncinane Great Britain. Ekubeni ikwaze unyulo izigaba ezithathu ezilandelelanayo, Entoni Bler, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane eya kuthi ichazwe ngezantsi, iye yaba yenye yeenkokheli kakhulu ixesha elide kweli lizwe. Ngokuba survivability wakhe wezopolitiko ukuba igama elithi "Teflon uTony."

School kunye college iminyaka. Entoni Bler, Biography

1953 kwaphawula ukuzalwa omnye ethandwa yaye kwangaxeshanye wadeleka ezopolitiko British. Kwazalelwa kweenkokeli zelizwe elizayo baba Scottish Edinburgh. Abazali Toni Blera babekho ngenene elihloniphekileyo yaseBritani. Uyise Leo Charles Linton Bler yaba igqwetha, nayo inxaxheba kwezopolitiko, yaye ubeke phambili candidacy kwakhe ukuya epalamente. Noko ke, kwathi wambetha ngesibetho, kunye namatshamba ezopolitiko kwafuneka ukuphumeza nonyana.

Toni Bler wafumana imfundo ilungelo, okokuqala kwisikolo yabucala ukuvuma Durham Cathedral, kwaye kwangoko yodumo fettes College e Edinburgh. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, omnye afunda abantwana bakhe yaba Rowan Atkinson, apho abaninzi ababukeli bayazi njani Mr Bean.

Toni Bler wayengekho umfundi elungileyo kakhulu, yena bembuza azityeshela iiyunifomu, wazikrazula izifundo. Ukuba umlandeli uMika Dzhagera, waqubuda iliwa umculo udlala kwiqela engahlawulwayo.

Unyana igqwetha ehlonelwayo yaye ngendeb 'Kakade ke, ngaba ukuqhubeka umsebenzi kayise. Inyathelo elilandelayo ekubunjweni Blair waba University of Oxford. Kodwa phambi koko, waya eLondon yaye wazama ulonwabo njengemvumi rock.

Ukwamkela kwakhe degree umthetho evela College St. kaYohane, Oxford, Entoni Bler ngaxeshanye bayidlalele rock Amarhe Ugly. Phambi zingagqitywanga ayikho krelekrele, ngowe-1975, yena wafumana idiploma isidanga sesibini yaye waba igqwetha.

Ukuqala inkonzo yakhe yezopolitiko

Emva kokufunda e Oxford, kungekhona umgangatho kakhulu waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe Entoni Bler. izibakala umdla, inyaniso, ke ayiqinisekiswanga, bathi gqaba wayesebenza Paris bar. Emva koko, Kusekho mvukeli wazinikela umsebenzi ngokusemthethweni. Ngowe-1975, wafundisa umthetho ngo-1976 baya bar waza wafumana umsebenzi kwi-ofisi Deni Irvinga, umhlobo osenyongweni John Smith, lowo yinkokeli lezoBudlelwane Party ngaloo minyaka.

Le ntlanganiso owabeka sympathies zopolitiko Blair, wajoyina ezintlwini British Socialist Party. Igqwetha mfana waba ngenkuthalo inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ye-Labour Party, kungekudala wathi candidacy kwakhe ukuya epalamente. imizamo yakhe yokuqala ngo-1982 akuphumelelanga. Noko ke, Entoni Bler zange amandla, yaye kamva kunyaka wabuya wagidima, eli xesha yi-District Sedgefield ngokutsha.

Nangona ubawo endala kunye uqeqesho olufanelekileyo, imigaqo-nkqubo, ebutsheni nyani endibuthethileyo iimbono ekhohlo-iphiko. Ngexesha lokhankaso lolonyulo ke washumayela izixhobo zenyukliya, i-UK ngaphandle isithuba yaseYurophu kwezoqoqosho.

Noko ke, kanye ePalamente, Entoni Bler wobulali ulangazelelo lwakhe waza waba awodwa ekunene-iphiko lezaBasebenzi. Uye waba inxaxheba kwimisebenzi kwezopolitiko, wayebambe izithuba yikhabhinethi emthunzini, wakhokela ikholam yakhe 'The Times'.

Inkokeli kunye umxhomi zobusoshiyali British

Ngowe-1989, Entoni Bler, ogama somgaqo-nkqubo sifumane novelwano olukhulayo inani kwabavoti uba lilungu le-National Executive Committee of Labour Party. Yena uya ukuthuthela eduze yinkokheli uJohn Smith yaye kungekudala ifumana umlungiseleli angaphandle kweli lwekhabhinethi komthunzi.

Enye mibuzo ibalulekileyo Entoni Bler yakholwa ukutshintsha inkqubo iqela le engaphantsi olukhulu. Yena mkhankaso ukuba buthathaka ubudlelwane kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi, ukususwa amabi kakhulu slogans-iphiko lasekhohlo yenkqubo qela.

Ngowe-1994, Dzhona USmita wabamba wafa engalindelekanga. Nangona oko kwakusithiwa kusenokwenzeka ezihlangwini Gordon Brown, kodwa wemka kumlo phambili. A yivoti yesininzi intloko Yabasebenzi Party wonyulwa Entoni Bler.

Umi intloko beqela, waqala ukuphumeza iingcamango zakhe malunga nohlaziyo ngaphakathi mbutho. Wadala isakhiwo oluyintloko kakhulu, uya kuphelisa kubukho angquzulanayo kunye amaqela ngaphakathi. Ngelo xesha wazama ukwenza ingcamango beqela nomtsalane ngakumbi ubunzima engundoqo lwabavoti, ngaphezu aloluhlobo iingcamango leftist.

Umzekelo iphawulekayo oku kwaba ngaphandle kwesigele ngongoma olukhulu ekhohlo inkqubo British Socialist, owawamemezayo ubunini adibeneyo iindlela zemveliso kunye nokusasazwa.

Kunyulo lokuqala kwisikhundla iNkulumbuso

Ukuba iyitshinizele ne "mabhodlo okwakuqhutywa Marxism" xa iqela lakhe, Entoni Bler waba ngomnye abapolitiki athandwa kakhulu kweli lizwe, ngobuchule olawula phakathi kwabalandeli yaye sixhasa izimvo ngokukhululekileyo endilisekileyo. Ukhetho 1997 Labour iphumelele ukudilika. 73rd Prime Minister of Great Britain waba yinkokheli omncinane kwimbali kweli lizwe.

Umi intloko karhulumente, imigaqo-nkqubo yaqala ukuphumeza izithembiso pre-konyulo. Waqhubeka umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente edlulileyo ekunciphiseni iindleko. Wavele zatshintsha iimbono zakhe kule minyaka kwezopolitiko, Entoni Bler waba lejaji rapprochement kufutshane ne-European Union.

Kwakhona wasigcina isithembiso sakhe abaxhasi ukuzimela eSkotlani naseWales, yaye baba zimvo ezi iindawo UK ngenxa yokwabela abaphantsi amagunya kunye nokuqinisa yempembelelo ephalamende zendawo enkulu.

nkqubo Foreign phantsi Toni Blere waye ukulahleka izityalo zokugqibela ezisengozini yokutshatyalaliswa United Kingdom of ukuzimela geqe okwethutyana. UK ixhasa ngokuzenzekelayo naziphi na amaphulo i-US, waba ally azinikele amagunya aphesheya. Ngokomzekelo, xa ningavisisani baseKosovo ngo-1999 Toni Bler nangoko eligunyazisiweyo loo mthwalo amajoni amawaka aliqela yaseBritani lalisakuba yiYugoslavia.

Labour entsha

lidilizwe ngokupheleleyo, zonke iintsalela zobusoshiyali phakathi kweqela, iNkulumbuso wabhengeza umgaqo-nkqubo "New Yabasebenzi." Ngokutsho kwakhe, kwafuneka ukuba ahlanganise ayicamagushele amasuntswana capitalism yorhwebo kunye nezimvo kokulingana kwezentlalo kunye nobulungisa.

Le ideologist engundoqo kunye ngumdali yale nkqubo yaba endisebenza Blair kunye noMphathiswa wezeMali Gordon Brown. Ngokukodwa, ingqalelo kakhulu yahlawulwa kwimiba ukulingana phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi. I-Labour Party ubeke ingxaki ulungelelwaniso pay, ukunciphisa ucalucalulo ngakwicala labantu eyindoda.

Emva kokuba nokusayinwa i-Social Charter we-European Union kwi-UK yaziswa ikhefu lokubeleka iiveki ezintathu azisebenzileyo ngokusebenza, yaye kungekudala iiveki ezine.

Entoni Bler akazange ukungakuchazi ingqalelo imfundo jikelele. Uhlaziyo ziquka yokuziqhelanisa kwakhona izikolo ukuba isikolo elizayo zokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi, babengcakaza namakhono yabafundi.

yokubuyisana

Ingongoma intlungu ephambili ukuthembeka yelizwe isisongelo eBritani ebesoloko Northern Ireland kuye. Entoni Bler ubesoloko ethatha amanyathelo kule ngaphambili.

Ngowe-1997, wadibana izihlandlo eziliqela kunye Dzherri Adamsom, owamela zezepolitiki ezingadibaniyo ye-Irish Republican Army. Uthetha-thethwano neziphumo wokutyikitywa ngo-1998 iSivumelwano Belfast. Ngokutsho kwakhe, iNdibano yesiZwe wadala Northern Ireland, leyo okwakufanele ukuthatha phezu imisebenzi ebalulekileyo koogunyaziwe central.

Ukusebenzisa impembelelo yayo zemveli kwi-Irish, i-US ngenkuthalo inxaxheba kula manyathelo. Ngenxa yoko, yandisa ukuxhomekeka ye-UK ukusuka White House.

Igama elithi yesibini "Teflon uTony"

Isiphelo ekupheleni koo kunye ekuqaleni senkulungwane ezibini, kwaba lixesha ikhula kuqoqosho lwehlabathi Koloni, kuquka i-UK. Emva labaSebenzi ntle ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki ngeke unyulo ngo-2001, yaye Entoni Bler waya kwikota yesibini njengentloko yombuso.

Eli xesha yaba mngeni kakhulu ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo yayingenakuzika. Ngowe-2001 Blair ibhujiswe waxhasa usebenze kanzima US nxamnye intshukumo "Taliban" e Afghanistan emva kokuhlaselwa Septemba 11. Ukuze uncede Amanyeneyo bacelwa ukuba imikhosi aselwandle kunye neeyunithi nesiseko sayo United Kingdom.

emva konyaka omnye, Entoni Bler iye ngokubonakalayo ukucenga epalamente ogunyazisa usebenze kanzima nxamnye Iraq. Ukuba ukusebenza ngokuchasene abagrogrisi e Afghanistan ezicacileyo yindlela kuxhaswa yi labemi, ukuzibandakanya kunokwenzeka ongoyena mhlali njengombuso ozimeleyo ebangele ukuba liqhekeke kakhulu eluntwini. Entoni Bler yaba kakhulu ulahlekelwe ukuthandwa neyabo.

Ukuphendula, Entoni Bler waqalisa zokoyikisa isisongelo enokubakho mandla Iraq, oko thaca kuluntu kububungqina ubukho Saddam Hussein, isitokhwe ezininzi nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi.

IPalamente wakwazi soyithomalalisa, nokunceda emkhosini US 45 lamawaka amajoni aseBritani zathunyelwa. Scandal emva kokupapashwa zophando revelatory BBC intatheli Endryu Gilligana, leyo kutyholwa ukuba ulwazi nobukrelekrele malunga phambi WMD Hussein solunye ke ubudlelane obabuyilwe ngenkohliso.

Ukuba liqalise uphando, Entoni Bler iphumelele ungenatyala leKhomishini okhethekileyo ekhokelwa yiNkosi Butler. Noko ke, isidima ipolisi efafazwe kakhulu, oko Bakhangela abantu ngakumbi nangakumbi kulo emehlweni iphaphethi uncomplaining leNdlu White.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje njenge inkulumbuso

kukhetho 2005, iLabour iphumelele sele ebunzimeni, Bayishiya kwimimandla yabo yemveli - ezempilo, umgaqo lwentlalo kunye nemfundo. kakhulu Toni Bleru auknulos imfazwe anegazi e Iraq, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni isiphithiphithi nokubambana yamakhaya kwelo lizwe Arabhu.

Noko ke, iNkulumbuso wamiswa mu lupwa yaye akayi kubuya ndibanike phezulu, esithi wayeza ukurhoxa kuphela emva kokuphela kwekota yakhe.

Neenkanuko baye begidima phezulu, yalahlekelwa ingqibelelo kunye nomanyano phakathi lezeMisebenzi Party ngokwayo. Liyanda inani abaxhasi beqela wathi ukunganeliseki kunye Blair kunye Gordona Brauna afuna khona. Kukudla komlilo wawagalela nezityhilelo lokulwa urhwaphilizo phakathi ubunkokheli lezeMisebenzi. Izinto zafikelela kwinqanaba ukuba azibonakalisa Entoni Bler phantsi ovuthuzayo kwetyala.

Ayikwazi ukumelana uxinzelelo nzima ngo-2007, "Teflon uTony" wayeka ukuba amisele ezihlangwini Gordona Brauna.

imisebenzi olunye

Emva kokushiya isithuba inkulumbuso, Blair awukagqitywa kunye nezopolitiko. Wamiselwa umthunywa ezikhethekileyo zelo qela amagunya elikhulu ukusombulula imeko kuMbindi Mpuma.

Ukongeza, kuba umcebisi iinkampani ezininzi kunye namaqela zemali. Phakathi kwabo, JPMorgan Chase, «Zurich Faynenshial".

Yathi umfundisi owayesakuba yinkulumbuso kunye icebiso lakhe Nursultan Nazarbayev kutshintsho kuqoqosho Kazakhstan kaThixo.

nkqubo ekhaya

Toni Bler wayetshate ngo-1980 ukuya asebenza kunye soratnitse of Labour Party Sherry Booth. Ngenxa yokuthanda umfazi wakhe, wada watshintsha unqulo lwakhe, kunye Anglican waba yamaKatolika. Ngexesha lomtshato esi sibini wakhulisa abantwana abathathu - Euan, Nicky, Leo.

Hi ndlela leyi, Blair waba ngowokuqala Prime Minister of Britain kangangeminyaka eli-150 waza wazala njengentloko yombuso.

"Teflon uTony" uye waba ngomnye yeenkokheli ezininzi ihleli eBritani. iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi sahlaziywa kwiindawo ezininzi ubomi United Kingdom. Wambiza uthando lwakhe, uluthiye nindicekise ngokulinganayo, kodwa inyani kukuba Blair wayengomnye abapolitiki ziqaqamba zokugqibela kwibala yaseYurophu.