Ngubani onoqhenqa? Ngokuphathelele imbali yesifo

Mhlawumbi, akukho mntu ufuna ukuchaza ukuba ngubani onoqhenqa okanye onoqhenqa. Aba bantu bahlushwa yiqhenqa - isifo esiyingozi esingasasigxina esichaphazela isikhumba, isimiso seentlungu, amehlo kunye nezinye izitho zangaphakathi. Leli lizwi lafika ngesiRashiya ukusuka kwisiLatini eselulwimi olufutshane, apho luvakala ngathi i-leprosus, ehambelana neLatin leprosorium.

Kwimiqathango yezokwelapha, umntu onoqhenqa okanye onoqhenqa ngumguli ogulaneyo olungapheliyo obangelwa yi-microbacteria i-Mycobacterium lepromatosis kunye ne-Mycobacterium leprae.

Imbali yeqhenqa

Esi sifo saziwa kwixesha la mandulo kwaye sichazwe kwiBhayibhile. U-Hyppocrates wabhala ngeqhenqa, kodwa mhlawumbi wadideka nge psoriasis. Kwakudala eIndiya, beyazi ngeqhenqa. Kwaye kwi-Middle Ages zininzi ze-leprosariums ezibonakalayo, njengoko eso sifo sagqityiweyo kwisigaba sesibhubhane. Ngaloo ndlela, ngekhulu le-13, ngokweMatvey Paris, umlando weNgesi, uBenedictine, umgcini-mlando, eYurophu, inani labaqhenqa lalingamawaka angama-19. Umntu wokuqala owaziwayo waba yinqanaba leqhenqa laseSt. Nicholas eHarbledown, kwinqanaba laseKent, eNgilani.

NgeMinyaka Ephakathi, umntu onoqhenqa okanye onoqhenqa ngumntu okhutshweyo kuluntu, oza kubulawa ekuhluphekeni okukhulu. Umntu onjalo wafakwa kwi-colony eneqhenqa, uhlobo olufana nokunyanga. Kodwa eqinisweni, kwakungumntu owodwa, apho abantu bambalwa bakwazi ukuphuma bephila. Inyaniso kukuba iqhenqa idluliselwa ngokukhupha emlonyeni nasempumeni ngexesha loqhagamshelwano kunye nabantu abasondeleyo. Kwaye oonxibelelwano lwe-leprosarium baninzi ngaphezu kokusondeleyo kwaye rhoqo.

Iqhenqa kwihlabathi lanamhlanje

Ngama-1990, inani labanoqhenqa kwihlabathi liye lancipha ukusuka kwizigidi ezili-10-12 ukuya kwi-1.8 million yeqhenqa. Iqhenqa ngokubanzi ihanjiswa kumazwe ashushu apho indawo yenze izimo zokuphila ezifanelekileyo kwi-microbacteria. Nangona iziganeko zinciphile, esi sifo sisasazeka kakhulu eNdiya, eNepal, kwiindawo zaseBrazil, eTanzania, eMozambique, eMadagascar naseNtshona Koloni. I-World Health Organization ngo-2000 yanyathelisa uluhlu lwamanye amazwe aphethwe yizifo. IBurma inqanaba lesithathu ngokwemigangatho yesifo, iBrazil - yesibini, kunye ne-Indiya-yokuqala.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kweqhenqa lide kakhulu, ngokweminyaka engama-4-6, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lihlala ixesha elide iminyaka eyi-10-15. Ubungakanani bonyango lweziyobisi, ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba kunye nobukhulu besifo, lunokugqibela ukususela kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwe-10.

Incwadi ethi "Abaqhenqa"

Abantu ababhekene nesi sifo baba ngamaqhawe emisebenzi yokubhala. Ngoko, ngo-1959 incwadana kaGeorgiy Shilin "Abanochoko" babuyiselwa kwakhona. Le ncwadi ichaza ubomi be-leprosarium. Kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba umbhali ngokwakhe uhambele eli ziko ngezihlandlo eziliqela, uvakashele umngane ogulayo apho, kwaye wahlala khona.

"Unoqhenqa" ibali malunga neentlobo zabantu abahlukahlukeneyo ababesendaweni enye - kwikoloni enoqhenqa. Ibali ngalinye liyathintela kwaye lugubungele phambili. Amagoda amaninzi, kodwa umlingani ngamnye uhlukile - kunzima ukudideka. Ngoko, ugqirha oyintloko we-leprosarium, uDkt. Turkeev, ungowomntu onqabileyo ongenalo umdla kwidumo okanye imali, kwaye ngubani ozinikela bonke ukuba akhonze isizathu esikhethiweyo. Simahla (ngelishwa, igama elililiweyo ngoku). Isitayela sikaShilin sihle, sivakalelwa, siqhakazile, sichaza.

EPoland ngowe-1976, ifilimu ethi "iqhenqa" yadutshulwa. Le ngongoma yothando yintombazana elula kunye nomntu ohloniphekileyo ongayi kushiya nabani na ongenamdla.

Ekugqibeleni, siyaqaphela ukuba iqhenqa, iifoto ezinokufumaneka kwiinombolo ezaneleyo kwi-intanethi, zichaphazelekayo kwizinga elihlukileyo kwesi sifo, kanti ngamanye amaxesha akabonanga ukuba uyagula. Ngoko ke, gcina imigaqo yokucoceka kobuntu, thintela ukudibanisa nabantu abasecaleni, ngakumbi ukuba uhlala eholide kumazwe aseTropiki. Yimpilo!