Ukutolika, inkcazo nencazelo yegama elithi "phuhliswa"

Eyona nto imangalisayo isiRashiya! Yaye kunye nayo yonke ubutyebi bayo kukho amagama afana kakhulu, kodwa intsingiselo, ugxininiso, imvelaphi yazo eyahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, kukho ubunzima ekutolika ezinye iindibano, kwaye ngoko ke kukho ukuphakama okuphezulu kokwenza iimpazamo ekusebenziseni omnye okanye omnye. Eli nqaku lizinikele kwigama eliphuhlisiwe kunye namanye amagama anengcambu efanayo. Udibaniso luvela phi? Iyintoni intsingiselo yegama eliphuhlisiwe? Yintoni eyayithetha intsingiselo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye namaxesha omsebenzi? Ungayahlukanisa njani namanye amagama afana nayo? Zonke iimpendulo ozakuzifumana ngezantsi.

Masibuyele kwimvelaphi

Akunakwenzeka ukuqonda intsingiselo nokutolika kwegama ngaphandle kwesikhuphelo esifutshane kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kukho nesayensi yonke - i-etymology, ejongene nale ngxaki. Le mfundiso inceda ukucacisa intsingiselo yokwenene yelizwi. Ngaloo ndlela, isenzi esithi "phuhlisa" siboniswe kwiingcaciso ezichaziweyo ze-Academy yaseRashiya. Injongo yalo ichongiwe ngokukodwa, ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni kwemvelo yegama. Ingcambu -vi- ibhekisela kwisilenge esilula, oku kuthetha ukwenza, ukujikeleza okanye ukuguqula. Kwaye okokuqala, de kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, igama lesithakazelo ngathi laliqondwa kuphela ngombono wokunyusa, ukugqithisa, ukugweba, ukuphazamiseka. Njengamazwi anokunceda ukuqonda intsingiselo yesi senzi, ezi zilandelayo ziboniswa: qulunqa intambo, tshala, intambo. Okokuthi, ekuqaleni kokusasazeka kweli gama lithetha inkqubo ethile, utshintsho. Nangona kunjalo, asikwazi ukuthetha ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo kukho ukuphucula, inkqubela phambili.

I-French "revolution"

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, inkcazo yelizwi laphuhliswa qalisa ukufumana loo mpawu ekhoyo ngexesha langoku. Oku kungenxa yokusasazwa kweFrentshi eRashiya. Umvelisi welizwe langaphandle wayenentsingiselo engaphezulu, kungekhona njengesiqhelo kunye neyincinci njengethu. Isenzi sisetyenziswe kumazwi angabonakaliyo, njengobungqina, ingcamango. Abalingani, ubunobuntu, iingcamango, iingqondo zaqala ukuphuhlisa ... Ukuphendula uluntu kwiinguqu ezinjalo kwakungenangqondo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abanolondolozo lwamazwi anjalo babangela isiqhwithi sengqondo kunye nentukuthelo, bajwayele ukuthetha ngokulula kwegama eliphuhlisiwe. Intsingiselo yelizwi elithi "elitsha" laphakamisa ukugxeka phakathi kwaososayensi abaninzi, abalobi, njengo-Alexander Semenovich Shishkin. Kodwa abanye basethatha intsha "kwi-hurray." Intsingiselo yelizwi eliphuhliswe ngombono ogqibeleleyo, owenziwe kumgangatho ophezulu, unokufunyanwa kwimisebenzi ka- Apollon Grigoriev. Kancinci, iincwadana ezichazileyo ezintsha zatshintsha umbono oqhelekileyo walesi sizwi. Kuzo ukuphuhlisa indlela yokubonakalisa amandla okucinga. Yongeza kwisiqalo sethu sokuqala-ya, kwaye fumana igama elingaqondwanga nje kuphela indlela yokukrazula, ukungafihli. Ngoko, kwisichazi-magama esichazayo se-1847, ukuphuhlisa kuthetha ukunyuka, ukwandisa, ukwandisa. Ngaloo ndlela, uTurgenev usebenzisa igama lakhe kwimisebenzi yakhe.

Ukuguquka kwemvelo

Ngeli-XIX leminyaka, intsingiselo yelizwi elithi "phuhliswa" yaba yingxaki kungekhona kuphela kubalobi nakwiilwimi, kodwa nakwabafilosofi. Eli nqanaba elinomdla kwiVS. Solovyov kunye nezinye izazinzulu zaseRashiya. Ngoku uphuhliso lufana nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. U-Soloviev wabhala ukuba le ngcamango ibonisa ukuba utshintsho oluthile luvela kwisiqalo esithile kwaye lujoliswe kwinjongo ethile eyaziwayo. Kwaye nanamhlanje, igama elithi "ukuphuhlisa" liqondwa njengento enjalo. Iingcali ezininzi zenzululwazi zanikezela ingcaciso kwimisebenzi kunye nezichazi-magama ezichazayo. Ngaloo ndlela, umbutho wegama elithi "phuhlisa" kunye "nokuphuhliswa" kwesiFrentshi okwavumela ukuba okokuqala kungabi yinto eqhelekileyo kuphela, kodwa kunye nenxalenye yefilosofi, yezinto eziphilayo kunye nenkcubeko. Kodwa zonke ezi ngcamango zinika ukuchazwa okufanayo malunga nale ngqungquthela. Ngoko, uphuhliso lwenkqubo yenguqu, ukuhamba kweenkqubo ezipheleleyo. Ngexesha elifanayo le nguqu yinto engaphendukiyo, eqhelekileyo, elandelwayo. Uphuhliso ngumgaqo-siseko wokuchaza imbali, ulwazi, uluntu, uhlobo.

Ukuqonda kwefilosofi

Inzululwazi yobulumko kuneemfundiso ezininzi, iingcamango, imbono. Abafilosofi abahlukahlukeneyo kubomi babo bentlalo banikela zabo iinguqulelo zonyango lwezinto ezibalulekileyo. KwaseMandulo yaseGrisi, ingxaki yokuphuhliswa yayiphazamiseke nguHeraclitus. Wayekholelwa ukuba yonke into ehlabathini kunye nehlabathi ngokwayo ikhona, kwaye ngelo xesha akukho nto. U-Heraclitus wachaza lo mbandela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba inkqubo yokuphuhliswa iyaqhubeka. Yonke into ishintsha rhoqo, inenkqubo yokuvela nokupheliswa. KuPlato, intsingiselo yegama eliphuhlisiwe nayo iguquguqukayo. Eli gama litshilwa ngu-nzu lulwazi lwangaphambili njengoko libonakalisa, kubonisa zonke iimpawu kunye namathuba, ukususela ekuqaleni, kufumaneka nayiphi na into eyenzekayo evela kwisimo sokuphumla kwisigaba esisebenzayo. Iingcamango zobugcisa, ngokubhekiselele, ziqondwa yintuthuko njengento engakumbi kunokuphucula, ngokukodwa ukunyuka kokwenyuka kwento ethile, kwaye ke kuphela ukuphucula umgangatho. Ummeli oqaqambileyo we- organicory theory yesiNgesi uHerbert Spencer unomsebenzi othi "uPhuhliso lwe-Hypothesis." Ibeka imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Uphuhliso lukaSpencer lukuhamba kwento. Iguqula umba kwizinto ezingahambelaniyo kunye kunye, kodwa ezingalinganiyo. Kule meko, isindululo esilondoloziweyo sitshintsha. Eli phuhliso lusetyenziso olukhethekileyo kwifilosofi kaCharles Darwin. Kulo lonke ulwazi lwakhe lwezesayensi lwakhiwe.

Uhlalutyo lweelwimi

Igama elivelisiweyo lavela kwisenzi esilula. Isiqalo sibonisa ubunzima beli gama (thelekisa nokusabalalisa, ukutshala, ukukhulula).

Imfihlelo ikwi-accent

Kanti akusilo ilizwi elilula-eliphuhlisiwe. Injongo yeli gama incike kwixinzelelo. Ngoko, ukuba iyawa kwi-syllable yokuqala, ngoko sijongana nesigramente. Unxibelelwano oluchanekileyo nesenzi ukususela kuso. Ukuphuhlisa kuthetha ukuchaza ngokucacileyo, ukuzisa kwiqondo elithile, ukukhuthaza inkqubela phambili. Ngoko igama elisithandayo linentsingiselo efanayo, kuphela endaweni yesenzo esichaza ngokusemgangathweni umgangatho. Ukucinga, umsebenzi, ubuchule bunokuphuhliswa. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa isicatshulwa kwi-syllable yesibili ngentsingiselo efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ngumbuzo wento engagqityiweyo, idibaniswe, ngoko igama eliphuhlisiwe kufuneka lisetyenziswe kuphela ngokutshitshiswa-kwaye-. Kukho enye inguqu yegama. Igama elivelisiweyo lithetha enye into. Oku akusiyo intlanganiso, kodwa isichazi. Isetyenziswe kwintsingiselo yokukhanya, ngokomoya ngokomoya, yafikelela kwizinga eliphezulu leenkqubela phambili.

Ngaba kukho umehluko?

Sisiphi isigqibo esinokuyithatha? Ingaba inxaxheba ephuhlisiwe kunye ne-adjectival inokuphuhliswa ngokubaluleka? Ukutolika kwegama, okubhekanywe ngasentla, kufana nokuvakalisa enye imbono. Oko kukuthi, ngokubhekiselele, ezi zithetha zifana ngokufanayo. Uwuphi umehluko? Ukuphuhliswa kukudityaniswa. Ngenxa yoko, eli gama linempahla yesibini nesichazi. Oko kukuthi, le nxaxheba isebenza njengomsebenzi ochazayo, kwaye ibonisa uhlobo oluthile lwesenzo. Uphuhlisiwe, kwakhona - isichazi. Akukho nto ibonisa isenzo, kuphela inkcazo yento. Omnye umehluko ophawulekayo kukuba i-sakramente isoloko isenziwa kwisenzi, kwaye isichazizwi sisuka kwisibizo kuphela.

Masibhale iziphumo

Igama elivelisiweyo linemvelaphi yaseRashiya, kodwa intsingiselo yalo isenokuba nempembelelo yolwimi lwangaphandle. Nangona, ngokumangalisayo, ngenxa yolu hlobo, sinokuziqhayisa ukuba ngentetho yethu singasebenzisa amagama asekuhlaleni asetshiwo ookhokho ukuba bathethe into epheleleyo, ephucula rhoqo. Ngethuba langoku, "wethu", isiRashiya ngokusuka, ayilondoloze ngaphantsi. Kwaye makubekwe utyalo lwegama elithi uphuhliso- olu lukhokelo, inkqubela phambili. Into ephambili kukuba ulwimi lwaseRussia lube luphila, ngoko luhlala luthethwa ngaso, luvakala kuzo zonke iindwendwe zelizwe elibanzi nangaphezulu, kuzo zonke izindlu, izijikelezo, intlalo yoluntu. Unakekele ulwimi lwakho lwasekhaya!