Yintoni eyabangela ukuba ukuyilwa komhlaba aeolian? Inkqubo wokusungula isiqabu

Phantsi isiqabu ukuqonda zenza umphezulu umhlaba wethu, nto leyo ngazo ngokunxulumene kwinqanaba elithile. Ngamanye amazwi ke, zonke izitenxo belizwe, ulwandle lwaya enzulwini yolwandle. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo isiqabu ahluka bubungakanani, ubudala, yaye imbali kophuhliso.

Kubaluleke ngokukodwa ukuba siqwalasele oku lesigaba sokuyila kwaye ngexesha ekwakhiweni kwendlela, yoololiwe kunye nezinye iinethiwekhi. isiqabu uphawu (weentaba, zazihamba, caba njalo njalo. d.) kakhulu kuchaphazela ubungakanani bomsebenzi kunye neendleko.

Movement komhlaba

Ngazo zonke izitenxo komhlaba zihlukaniswe:

1. Intaba. Le elimi cone-ezimilise, ezinemithi ngaphezu mmandla ezingqongileyo. Ingongoma eliphezulu entabeni ekuthiwa enkcochoyini, leyo isenokuba oyingozi okanye uthathe ngohlobo site (yasethafeni). Umphezulu zisecaleni ukuphakama ezinjalo yenziwa azifake. Kwaloo mgca, nto leyo ibonisa iintaba fusion kunye kwendawo ezisingqongileyo, kwisiseko okanye kuphela.

2. kumbiwa. Olu hlobo isiqabu malunga entabeni kwaye ukudakumba esivalekileyo. Ingongoma liphantsi emhadini ebizwa phantsi. Imiphezulu icala ezifana zomhlaba luphoswa, kwaye umgca naziphi nokuzingqongileyo - kwebunzi.
3. lwamawa. Asinto nto kodwa endulini, wolula nakweliphina icala, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe kunciphisa ukuphakama. Onke amabanga babe emathambekeni ezimbini, leyo bahlanganisane phezulu, oyinxalenye umgca yomlambo.
4. uDell. zomhlaba ezinjalo malungana emikhulu. Bona side, rhoqo ohlisa emathambekeni leyo avulekileyo kwelinye icala. Dell uye kummango ezimbini yokungena ukuya kumgca yamanzi, ukubaleka ngpaha komzantsi kule mfundo. Umzekelo uhlobo olunjalo ukukhonza intlambo kunye udonga. Kwimeko yokuqala sonke sithethe kumgongxo ebanzi, ukuba, nelamaxandeka Turf ezigqunywe flat. Udonga wahlukile ngokwesiseko ukuma enjalo. Kuyinto ingxondorha exineneyo, apho kumathambeka ezi eweni, yaye akukho Turf.
5. undim. Le ndawo eqala kwimimandla ukudibanisa azifake kunye kulala phakathi entabeni ezibekwe ngecala. Ngamanye amaxesha iinqwelo ukwakweli esizeni ngokudibana amanzi equkuqela emikhulu. On nommandla wayo, njengoko umthetho, abantu ehlahla ukunyuka intaba okanye iindlela, ebabiza sidlula. Ukususela iinqwelo wandise ephambana ndlela amangile.

Zonke ezi ntlobo zingentla isiqabu ke eziphambili.

Indlela imfundo

Inkululeko indawo - a izitenxo eyahlukileyo khaxa okanye phakathi, leyo kwenziwa emhlabeni. Iifom yayo iyahluka ngobukhulu nemvelaphi. Ngoko ke, zonke ezikhoyo kwiplanethi yethu eyimixethuka bangamalungu mega, oluncinci, eziphakathi kunye nano-isiqabu. Ngaphezu koko, nokudaleka inokubangelwa ngamanzi-ilunga okanye mlilo, glacial okanye karst, ziitectonic plates okanye aeolian iinkqubo. Nganye kwezi iindlela uhlobo oluthile intshukumo yamandla nezinto ezinzulwini okanye kumphezulu noqweqwe.

Iintlobo iinkqubo zoncedo-yakheka

Zonke izinto eziphembelela ukuyilwa phezu iplanethi yethu, yahlulwe yaba zemveli kunye angaphandle. Nangona umahluko, bona ndawonye njalo. Nangona kunjalo, indima oqhubekekayo omnye wabo kuxhomekeke uphawu isiqabu kwezinye iindawo.

Ngokuphathelele izinto zithe zadala, babesoloko zenzeka phezu kobuso bomhlaba. Ukufunda iinkqubo ezinjalo - inxalenye oluphezulu emhlabeni. Le isiqabu izinto ukubunjwa ezifana ukhukuliseko yemozulu, lingonakali kunye denudation, ifuthe komkhenkce t. D. Ibangela nemiphumo efanayo imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eziphilayo, womxhuzulane, kunye nempembelelo lwamandla radiation elanga. yeemeko zangaphandle echaphazela kwi umaleko eliphezulu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba ukwakha, njengoko umthetho, esezansi kunye ezingu komhlaba. Oku kungenxa yokuba ifuthe labo bengabalulekanga kubume zejoloji planethi.

zomhlaba ezinkulu kwakheka ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni imiba iqala. Le nkqubo esivulekayo izibilini emhlabeni, zibangelwa amandla omxhuzulane namandla lwangaphakathi. kuvela zomhlaba ezinkulu ngenxa yeemeko ezithile ezivela ngenxa ukujikeleza umhlaba wethu. Njani ngazo iinkqubo kwedijithali? phambi kwabo kubonisa kuthi imisebenzi mlilo zodaka, magmatism, iintshukumo zomhlaba, njalo njalo. D. Kwaye zonke ezi mpawu zibangelwa impembelelo kwamandla thermal planethi evela ukubola radioactive ibakho ingubo. Iyafuna esithi iinkqubo zemveli of kolu qweqwe lomhlaba zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini - le yolwandle nezelizwekazi.
Isiphumo ngamandla obushushu lwangaphakathi ebangela intshukumo ye lithosfere. Oku Itshintsha kakhulu imephu isiqabu. amaphutha kwakhiwa nezibaya, iinduli misinga ye umaleko eliphezulu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba.

Yiyiphi imizekelo lo isiqabu akhiwa intshukumo iinkqubo kwedijithali? Okokuqala, oko kwiimpazamo kuqweqwe lomhlaba. Ahluke ngobukhulu kunye nemilo, kwakunye nexesha ukubunjwa. Ngokunzulu yezi iziphene - ibloko enkulu lokuzibonela ukubana othe tye kunye nkqo. Kudla kuchazwa kucacile amazwekazi. iibhloko amakhulu kuqweqwe lomhlaba sele ngokoqobo kwakugcwele iimpazamo ezincinane. Amaninzi ke umlambo ezihlanjeni, iinduli, nezihlambo. Kwaye zonke ezi fom, njengoko umthetho, ungenza intshukumo ethe nkqo mihla kuyo naliphi icala. Ngenxa yoko, inkangala, apho amalungiselelo Kurskaia, Voronezh kummandla Belgorodskaia kwaye nokuphakamisa ngesantya esingaguqukiyo milimitha-4 ukuya kwelesi-6 ngonyaka ngamnye. Kodwa Oka-Don Nama, phezu koko, lishiyiwe. Izinga le nkqubo ifikelela kwi-2 mm. Kufuneka ke ukuba nobume bezelizwe kolu qweqwe lomhlaba zihlobene. iintshukumo yamandulo iibhloko iplanethi yethu ziboniswa uhlobo ukwenzeka ukuba kuzo nasemaweni.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, omnye wemiba echaphazela utshintsho ukuphakama kwayo, kuba umsebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu. Kukho nefuthe ngqo kwi kolu qweqwe lomhlaba ngexesha kwemigodi, ngexesha lokwakha, ngokunjalo kuphuhliso amasimi enyamekela ukulinywa iimveliso zezolimo.

intshukumo yomoya

Ukwazi emoyeni ngobuninzi kwemali kokusingqongileyo kuyinto ikuyo. umoya isiqabu-msebenzi into zikuchaphazela kakhulu elikhulu emdeni ezinkqantosini uyisanti. Various lirhabaxa umhlaba kumphezulu kule meko kwenzeka ngokunxulumene nokusebenza kwenkqubo deflation. Le kubethwa mass isanti.

Kwakhona, intlawulo kwenzeka nokufumba olunye (abekwe). Abo zomhlaba olwakheka ngenxa umoya, kuthiwa aeolian. Kwaye oku akumangalisi, njengoko Aeolus - igama yamandulo yesiGrike uthixo nomoya. Iyintoni imvelaphi yalo hlobo elimi ngayo? It senziwa phantsi kwempembelelo kwezi nkqubo zilandelayo:
- deflation - evakalala efutha umhlaba;
- nokumelana - besila yaye isila amaplanga;
- transfer enemijelo air lomhlaba;
- ukuqokelelana izinto.

isantya somoya inxulumene ngqo ukutshintshwa kweengqakumbana zomhlaba, sise kumphezulu womhlaba. Ngoko, xa umoya ubunzima kwemali yesibini enye kumgama oziimitha 4,5-6,7 singaphakanyiswa ukuba njengentlabathi 0.25 mm. Ngesantya eziphezulu (11,4-13 m / s), isixa ungaba kuze 1.5 mm.

YeeFom ze ukukhululeka deflationary

Iinkqubo ukuvuthela umhlaba okubi badla kwenzeka umhlaba olimekayo sanikelwa ukulima. Yintoni eyabangela ukuba ukuyilwa komhlaba aeolian kule meko? inkqubo Deflation kungenxa ilahleko lwesakhiwo kwi lokulima japan nehumasi elundini kwixesha elide. Umhlaba liqalisa ngokulula iphephethwe, ububanzi balo simanga ukufikelela tonnes 125 ngehektare nganye. iinkqubo Deflation ezenzeka kummandla Central Black Earth Russian. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1967 kumazantsi eli kummandla Voronezh yokuguguma uthuli isiphango yadilika malunga 60 okulahlwayo ngehektare yomhlaba nganye.

Inkcazelo kwiindawo zoncedo apho kukho fixed ngokungaphelelanga uhlaza, i alternation ezizidendeleko deflation kwaye phakathi zokwahlula. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-landscape zeselula zesanti lisekwa khona umoya alternating imiyalelo apha deflation mgaqweni kwamasuntswana zomhlaba. Xa imimoya ezinzileyo isitya sibe ezimile iceba yaye uhlenga ethile. Loo maKristu abizwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ikhosi umngxuma Sands aeolian. Iifom inkulu banjalo ukuya ku asixhenxe iimitha kubunzulu. Bona afunyanwa rhoqo e Arabia, apho kuthiwa fuldzhi.

Forms ukukhululeka insimbi

mass eziphathekayo zesanti ezikhule rhoqo usile nibusile off zomaleko phezu yengxondorha, apho zifumaneka endleleni yeentshukumo zabo. Kulo mzekelo, ukwakheka:
- yayigcinwa elonakalisayo;
- "iintsika zamatye";
- aeolian "amakhowa ilitye".

Ngokuphathelele yayigcinwa umhlwa, imfundo yabo kuthatha indawo, njengoko umthetho, kwi-emaweni lula destructible. Ba umzekelo, marls kunye sandstones. Ukuba rock namanyala ugqunywe kwintsunguzi, ngoko kukho ukuyilwa "amakhowa ilitye" okanye "iintsika zamatye". Yinto emangalisayo zomhlaba bayo ubuhle. Basenokuba zifana izibonda, iinqaba nomngundo.

Njani abayila eli akumangalisi yemvelo? Air mass ukuthabatheka umsinga minwana iimveliso yemozulu, kwakunye nokwanda likhona izinto evakalala. Large ngenani umda lesanti wadibana eweni. Kulo mzekelo kweengqakumbana zomhlaba kusebenza njengento esirhabaxa. Bona usile nibusile nasemaweni kumphezulu. Umphumo iziphumo ezifana kwaye ifomu abayinqobo eolian baziintsika nokungunda.

Maxa wambi umoya uye kuloo mbandela evakalala yonke isitya. Le seqanda okanye ngeenxa ukuba amashumi eziliqela kumakhulukhulu eziliqela kweemitha lonke. Ngamanye amaxesha deflation nezitya ezifana imisele. Emva koko kuthiwa yardang. Ezi vee badla kwakheka ecaleni iindlela okanye ezinye izakhiwo kunye nemilinganiselo evuthelweyo.

iifom numbers

Nayiphi zezulu mass flow inomthamo wayo, amandla kunye kufumaneka bantu. Isalathisi yokuqala olwahlula isixa njengentlabathi uyakwazi ukususa eli mandla nomoya. Power limiselwa ukusuka kwinani lokwenene kweengqakumbana zomhlaba-umna. Kwaye yintoni ke Ukwanda ngumoya? Le ratio amandla kunye namandla komoya. Kuba amaxabiso ezincinane yale parameter kwenzeka deflation, nangenxa ezinkulu - numbers. Cinga isenzo abokugqibela babo.

Yintoni eyabangela ukuba ukuyilwa iintlobo aeolian yohlobo numbers isiqabu? Zonke umoya umsebenzi amasuntswana ahambise nesanti. Xa ngendlela esinobunzima enjalo edibana Bush okanye nayiphi na imiqobo, ngoko navevaniya igquma. isanti lokwandisa lugubungela ngokupheleleyo isityalo.

Kukho imizekelo ezahlukahlukeneyo isiqabu lisekwa iinkqubo abekwe. Kodwa zonke iintlobo zahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini:
- longitudinal;
- umnqamlezo.

Ngokungenisa iifom longitudinal ziquka nasentshonalanga isanti, ekwabizwa ngokuba emoyeni ridged. ukubunjwa yabo ngenxa yesenzo umoya ngakwicala rhoqo. Le nkqubo ibangela intlabathi bevuthela ukusuka nisin kunye release ngaxeshanye ibe enziwe ezisezintabeni okanye emikhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, kukho intshukumo kwamasuntswana zomhlaba ukuya iintshukumo umoya ecaleni kummango, ngaloo ndlela kululwa ifomu oluqhubekayo.

Phakathi Iziseko ezinqamlezayo numbers eolian ezi iindunduma, kwaye nomxokelelwane iindunduma barkhan. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

iindunduma

Kwiintlango sivame imilo iinduli iceba, zabonakala iincopho apho wakhomba kwaye ijoliswe kwabo isiphumo eyinhloko khona umoya. Lo kwiindunduma. Yintoni eyabangela ukuba ukuyilwa komhlaba aeolian yale hlobo? Yonke efanayo nomoya. Iindunduma babe kumathambeka yezi zinto. ecaleni layo caba ukujamelana kwicala kwicala, kunye engumnqantsa - to emoyeni. Iindunduma - uhlobo mobile isiqabu uyisanti. intshukumo yabo kade, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Kulo nyaka, oko kweemitha 50-60. In Karakums le isantya kakhulu ngaphezulu. Kuyinto 12 leemitha kule nyanga iphelileyo.

Yintoni eyabangela ukuba ukuyilwa komhlaba aeolian yale hlobo? Kakade ke, lo msebenzi imimoya rhoqo kwaye womelele. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izinto phantsi kwempembelelo apho kukho iindunduma. Ezi ziquka:
- imali encinane ye kwezulu;
- yemozulu esebenzayo wenyama ematyeni komhlaba;
- inani elincinane okanye ukungabikho iyonke kwezityalo.

zakha isiqabu efanayo naziphi na iimeko? Desert sezulu, yetropika kunye ezinezinga epholileyo ilulungele kakhulu ukuvela kwiindunduma. Ukuphakama ekwenzeke kuzo ilitye le isanti, njengokuba umthetho, akukho neemitha ngaphezu kwesibhozo. Ke kaloku bathi abathile elikhulu ongayi kuvuka ukuya ku-40 m.

barkhan chain

Oku zomhlaba aeolian ezivukelana ngaphezu komhlaba nakummango zomhlaba ngamnye. Bamele iindunduma ezininzi ezinyibilikiswe. Inkcazelo isiqabu le hlobo kudla iqulethe lubonakalisa ubukho iimpawu phamb, nto leyo ukwakweli kumathambeka olunomoya. Ezi, enxuseneyo izileyi ezincinane intlabathi ngqo, okuphakama na ku ezahlukene 2-5 cm. Imbonakalo iimpawu phamb ezibangelwa lokungcangcazela zezulu mass.

iindunduma

Ezinkqantosini non-yetropika kunokwenzeka rhoqo ukuba bagcine ukuyilwa iifom ezinqamlezayo aeolian. It elide. Phantsi yesenzo umoya ingathatha kwiziseko ezinjengezo kunye nombono longitudinal. Ngamanye amaxesha ngquzu zifana iindunduma imbonakalo ingqondo yayo. Noko ke, ngokuchaseneyo, i "iimpondo" kwingxelo efana ngqo emoyeni. Xa imifolo lesishwankathelo ezifana kwiinduli ebizwa ezizekelisayo.

Yintoni enye izinto zomhlaba aeolian? Ezi ziquka ezo iindunduma ukuba Esayama kunye pyramidal. Iziseko ezifana nayo kunazo zonke Aeolian. Ingabonwa kwi Central Asia kunye eSahara. iindunduma Pyramidal bakhiwe xa kunemimoya kumacala ahlukeneyo. Maxa wambi ezi fom ukufikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha 150. Bekwayame kwiindunduma akhiwa kufutshane ezintabeni. Le kumzila ekhethekileyo oyisanti, ngokukhuthazwa khona umoya phezu ethambekeni. Bekwayame kwiindunduma baqhele ukuba babe ukuphakama m 200.

Okunye imfundo aeolian

Ngokufuthi nokushukumisa umhlaba kwamasuntswana utyani imida, ibekwe kwi kumhlaba usasazo. Ngoko ke, phambi lamanqanaba zezilo enqabileyo zezilwanya Sands onduli. Ezihlanjeni oyisanti yaye elunxwemeni kukho Kuchugury. Oku-ekuthiwa Cumulus Sands.

Ngomhla kummandla lwamazwe eziyimiqwebedu twa isanti nje kuphela, kodwa intlango enamatye nodongwe. Apho ungabona ukuyilwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo deflation. Ngenxa yoko, projections zeengxondorha kwi intlango enamatye badla zizele ebizwa ngokuba intlango ivanishi. It is a uqweqwe omuhle kwakheka ngenxa capillary umzobo izisombululo saline ngamatye. Kungenzeka inxaxheba kule nkqubo kunye namancikane eziphilayo, zigxile hydroxides kunye oxides zesinyithi, manganese kunye nezinye izinto.

Kumphezulu ezinkqantosini zodongwe uhlobo loess. Kungenxa yoko le nto isiqabu kule ndawo yenziwe misinga ezivaliweyo nzulu nge ngezansi flat. Takyrs call Ukwakheka ezinjalo. kumphezulu wazo ligutyungelwe mudcake, nto leyo yahlula lonke uthungelwano lwamathanda. In ezinqabileyo iishawa takyrs oluhlala emanzini, lokutywina umaleko eliphezulu.

Kuba ukukhululeka kunye nemimandla eziyimiqwebedu luphawulwa nezitya yamanzi. emvula ebibekiwe kuwo akukho indawo ngomnyango. ukuqanda efanayo wandise kangangamakhulu eekhilomitha, lafikelela ubunzulu m-200. Iziseko ezinjalo kunokubonwa entlango Libyan. It Qattara Depression, uphawu ingundoqo leyo thabatha neemitha ezili-134. Xa ukuyilwa kweendlela elibandakanyeka kuphela nomoya. Indima enkulu sabelwa apha iimeko lithological beemeko-neznye. Kwezinye iindawo, ezifana nokungonwabi kungcwatywa phantsi umaleko kwentlabathi.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo takyrs rhoqo nzulu. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba umoya aze atshabalalise ikeyiki lokucoca phezu komhlaba. iinkqubo deflation olunjalo ukuba ukhokelele ekubeni kusekwe esantini zodongwe. Ezi fom zifumaneka eMexico.

Kubume ezikwiizowuni nefumileyo yaye yetropika lihombise iindawo relict okanye Insular, ngokunjalo amathafa denudation. Ezi imilo akhiwa kwezinye imozulu, kodwa sekunjalo zezona okufana kwiintalango.

Xa ukukhululeka Central Asia langoku denudation amathafa wakubo, nzima lokutyela iinduli intsalela. Esi siqithi lwamawa kunye tops caba kunye kumathambeka ke exandekeni. Iifom ezinjalo e Central Asia na igama Turtkul. nokudaleka usenokuba ekuqaleni negalelo ukukhusele Emijelweni non-abasisigxina, yaye emva kokuba indima engundoqo wabelwa iinkqubo deflation okubangelwa umsebenzi ngumoya.