Umthetho Ohm ngenxa kwiikhamera

Nabani na wakhetha ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kofakelo zombane okukhethekile yam, ingxelo ezaziwayo-kakuhle lootitshala: "umthetho Ohm ngenxa wesekethe closed kufuneka ukwazi. Nkqu ukuvuka ebusuku, kubalulekile ukuba abe nako ukuqulunqa kuyo. Kuba sisiseko bonke zobunjineli bombane. " Eneneni, ukufika wafumanisa ukuba yamachiza obalaseleyo German Georgom Simonom Ohm, nempembelelo uphuhliso elandelayo nenzululwazi kombane.

Kulo nyaka-1826, ukuhlola ukuba bafunde indlela umbane ngokusebenzisa ngumqhubi, Ohm watyhila unxulumano ngqo phakathi yangoku amandla ebebunikwe loo unikezelo ombane amandla zeesekethe (nangona kule meko oluchanekileyo ngakumbi ukuthetha amandla electromotive EMF) kunye kweelana umqhubi ngokwayo. Ukuxhomekeka kuye bathi ngenxa kwabonakala umthetho Ohm ngenxa kwisiphaluka closed. Inkalo ebalulekileyo: ukubaluleka yomthetho esisiseko ezichongiweyo isebenza kuphela xa kungekho yangaphandle ephazamisayo amandla. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba, umzekelo, umqhubi na i imagnethi nokuxuba, isicelo ngqo kuqulunqo engenakwenzeka.

umthetho Ohm ngenxa sekethe closed sele iboniwe kuphononongo uyilo elula: a (EMF ukuba) amandla umthombo ezinjengeetheminali zayo ezimbini ukuya resistor kukho abaqhubi, apho kukho intshukumo kwe amasuntswana nezakhiwo abathwali isigxina. Ngenxa yoko, ngoku kukho umlinganiselo amandla electromotive ukuya uxhathiso lilonke kwisekethe:

I = E / R,

apho E - amandla electromotive ngayo umbane, kulinganiswa ngo volts; I - nezolo, amperes; R - resistor yombane, xa ohms. Qaphela ukuba umthetho Ohm ngenxa kwisiphaluka closed ithatha ingqalelo onke amacandelo R. In izibalo kukugqiba evaliweyo yi resistor R abone isixa resistivity umqhubi (r), umthombo wamandla (R0). Oko kukuthi:

I = E / (R + r + R0).

Ukuba uxhathiso lwangaphakathi kwe R0 source ngaphezu isixa R + r, umsinga komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni iimpawu umthwalo iqhagamshele. Ngamanye amazwi, kwemvelaphi ombane kule meko a umthombo yangoku. Ukuba ixabiso R0 mncinci kuno R + r, i electric current bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo uxhathiso iyonke zangaphandle, kwaye umthombo wamandla ivelisa a ombane.

Xa usenza izibalo echanekileyo athathe ingqalelo nkqu ilahleko ombane kwamalunga. Amandla electromotive umiselwa ngokulinganisa umahluko enokubakho lonke iiterminal amandla umthwalo kobonelelo (yesekethe ivuliwe).

umthetho Ohm ngenxa subcircuit zisetyenziswa ngokulinganayo njengoko ndzhendzheleko closed. Umahluko kukuba ekubaleni akuthethi ithathele ingqalelo EMF, kodwa kuphela umahluko enokubakho. Loo iyelenqe kuthiwa eyohlobo olulodwa. Kule meko kukho Eyonanto ibalulekileyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukubala iimpawu indlela yombane nganye sezulu. We ulibhale ngohlobo ifomula:

I = U / R;

apho U - ombane okanye umahluko Ukuthath 'inxaxheba volts. Oku kulinganiswa a voltmeter enxulumene ngokunxuseneyo ukuya iterminal ixhokonxa nawuphi element (ukuxhathisa). ihlale kubangela U-ixabiso lingaphantsi kwe-EMF.

Enyanisweni, kwaba le fomyula yeyona idumileyo. Ukwazi naziphi amacandelo amabini ifomula, unako ukufumana i wesithathu. iziphaluka ukubala kunye nezinto zisebenze ngokusebenzisa umthetho kwinxenye chain.

umthetho Ohm ngenxa kwisiphaluka nosiba becala efanayo nokutyhilwa kwalo kumphathi wesekethe yombane. Endaweni yokuba kusetyenziswa ivalekile ngemagnethi umqhubi wesiphaluka, umthombo a coil jiko oludlulayo yangoku ngokusebenzisa engathi. Ngako oko, kukho wampompoza ngemagnethi ivale kwi sekethe ngemagnethi. ekubhobhozeni Magnetic (F), ajikeleza ngokusebenzisa indlela kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi ixabiso MDS (amandla magnetomotive) kunye kweelana umbandela abapasa wobhobhozayo magnetic:

F = F / Rm;

apho F - ekubhobhozeni sibubona ekukhanyeni Weber; F - MDS e amperes (ngamanye amaxesha Gilbert); Rm - ukuxhathisa, ebangela eziphango.