Umhlaba Native - ntoni na? Elithetha 'eziko "

Ekuqaleni, eziko - isithixo pre-Roman, ilinde indlu, hayi kanye mandithi, emi usapho iwotshi ezidliwayo kuba penus eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "indawo yokugcina", yaye abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba igama nabondli zesibhakabhaka kwenzeka kanye ilizwi. Kamva, kwiintsomi ongumRoma, kuye kubekho ukunqulwa noPenates, ezibandakanya bonke kubathengi zendlu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuzigcina iintsapho baseRoma noPenates ezimbini. Ngoko ke uthixo emva izinyanya.

Le etymology lo gama

Njengoko kwiimeko ezininzi, utoliko ngqo imvelaphi kwikota ayikho. UCicero ivumela ukuyilwa igama ukusuka penitus elithi - abahlala ngaphakathi. Ngoko ke, imbongi ongumRoma, ngokungafaniyo Russian, naye lo gama ngeyona othandwayo, kodwa iphupha ezahlukeneyo, obizwa kula koothixo Penetrales, okanye "engena". Iziko - unkulunkulu yasekhaya ukubayinxalenye enesihlwele esinzima uthixokazi UVesta - homemakers. Ngokutsho legend, ngukumkani wesibini eRoma, numa Pompilius wakha etempileni lokuqala UVesta, uthixokazi. Ingaphakathi kwisabelo esisezantsi ekuthiwa Pen (ukusuka penetralia - izindlu zangaphakathi igumbi ngokufihlakeleyo okanye itempile). Kuye kwaxhaswa yi emlilweni ongunaphakade, noPenates zikawonke igcinwe. theory eyamkelekileyo kakhulu malunga ngemvelaphi igama oothixo ivela intliziyo endlwini UVesta.

Abagcini yoBukhosi

Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa yamandulo eRome Penaty - ayikho nje izithixo zasekhaya, kodwa nakubagcini karhulumente kunye bonke abantu baseRoma. Xa inguqulelo yesiLatini lo mqondo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: noPenates Publici Populi Romani.

Imbali ukuvela noPenates karhulumente eRoma yamandulo akwaziwa ukuba ezithile. Uninitiated ngazo encinane kakhulu Besazi, ukugcinwa kwawo kuye alaziwa ukuba lithetha ukuthini. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba bazisa Eneya evela uTroy. Kwaye oko abamele, aziwa kuphela ababingeleli Vestal - Abakhonzi ihlelo UVesta. Kodwa kwakucingwa ukuba noPenates kawonke - yeyona zamahenyu iphambili eRoma. Ukuba kuqashwe umbuso waba isitshixo kwinkqubela noxolo nabantu bonke.

Cute, usapho, izilwanyana ...

Kodwa izithixo zasekhaya zaye uyathandwa yaye uyahlonelwa. Udongwe neenkuni lo mfanekiso agcinwe ilokhari eyahlukileyo ingabekwa ezonka. Sele sibonile ukuba ukunqulwa noPenates yachongwa kunye kwizinyanya izithixo. Abagcini Phet, ngubani banenkxalabo-ntle usapho, baba abazali efile okanye izithixo bamalungisa, sonke simunye phantsi kwesihloko ecacileyo "ilizwe lokuzalwa." Kwaye zonke izizukulwana yaba yendalo yaye besamkela kubo, enoba kude kangakanani umntu. indlu Native, indawo yokuhlala, bekusoloko kujoliswa kubantu abaninzi nokukhanya okhokela ebomini.

Ukutshintsha intsingiselo elithi

Ngcembe oko ubethandwa yendlu yooyise, ukuba kwiivenkile kwaye akhusele umntu ebuntwaneni, indawo yayo yathathwa yi umfanekiso ezonka yosapho. Ke ibinzana elithi "ilizwe lokuzalwa" uyekile ukuthatha oothixo umlondolozi. Kuye laziwa nendlu kayise. Wayengavumi wonke umntu uyayiqonda imeko ngokuchanekileyo, ukuba wabonisa isafobe-yewadi kwaye kuthiwa iziko lakhe. Kwafuneka ukuba uxelele backstory. Ngoku kukho arhente real estate ebizwa ngokuba "ilizwe lokuzalwa." Kaloku, Kakade ke, amagama ababhali vule amagumbi ezimnandi ukuba ingaba yinto kakhokho, hayi ezinye oothixo. Iziko le-bezila lilungu elinye ixesha, kwenye inkcubeko. Kodwa yonke le minyaka, wegqitha zonke olufudumeleyo kunye dear, nto leyo ehambisana kunye iziko ukuqokelela lonke usapho, apho kakuhle kwaye ekhuselekileyo, kuba vika imilonde-khaya. Njengoko watshelwa Fikizolo kwakhe lokufa: "... Ndakhumbula endlwini kabawo, phambi kokuba kuhlwe amabali eziko elide ngabantu ababephila ngemihla yamandulo ..." Konke oku - abathandekayo, enxulumene indawo yokuzalwa kunye ukonwaba enoba, kubandakanya ibinzana elithi "lomthonyama kwemizi. "

Ingcamango yokuba indlwane yosapho

Akukho nto isimanga yokuba ngumzobi enkulu Russian, ummeli yesikolo realist yokudweba iikulya Efimovich Repin, akuba sagqiba ukwakha ipomakazi lendlu ukuba wayeza kuba indlwane usapho, ebizwa ngalo igama oothixo bamandulo kunye nomgcini beqabe imifanekiso yabo esangweni welifa. Ngowe-1899, xa wayesele opeyintayo odumileyo Repin uthenga km-50 ukusuka kumhlaba St. Petersburg, kwakha indlu ngocoselelo eliqeqesha intsimi. Ukukhetha wawa kwilali Kuokkala kuba ukususela 1898 iikulya Efimovich Repin waba Umphathi the Academy, imisebenzi yakhe sahlutha. Ukuze ufumane ukusuka elalini kwindawo inkonzo wabulela kakhulu bekhululekile ukuya kumgca kaloliwe, yaye indawo ngokwayo labucala kunye nenzolo.

isihloko hola

Yonke into laba njengoko senzelwe: indawo, apho usoloko ufuna ukubuya a lot of kwintsapho enothando kunye nabahlobo, apho zisoloko zihamba impumelelo. Kungekudala emva kokuba usapho host isifundo waba unjingalwazi nentloko le umasifundisane kule Academy of Arts Fine. Manor of Repin "noPenates" wenza ngokupheleleyo igama layo. 30 iminyaka emnandi wachitha apha wayengumzobi enkulu. Oku ikhaya yokwenene umzobi, ngokumthanda apha zonke ikona, yaye onke ikona igama layo. Repin waphila apha de kokufa kwakhe, izinto ezo ezenzeka September 29, 1930. Wayeneminyaka eli-86 ubudala. Ngokutsho isicelo sakhe, waza wangcwatywa apha, kwilifa, ecaleni endlwini Chugueva isilayidi. kwilali Kuokkala labizwa Repino, kwaye ngoku kukho kakuhle kumntu wonke imyuziyam Russian "noPenates", nto leyo yasekwa ngo-1940.

Ukuthozama kunye lenkolo yentando Manor

Ngelishwa, ngexesha lemfazwe, indlu wayitshisa phantsi ngokupheleleyo, ubunzima yonke impahla yakhe. oki Hlanga, otyelwe ngoko nangoko emva komngcwabo. Emva kwemfazwe welifa lalungiswa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye yimyuziyam entsha kuvulwa ngo-1964. Ke kaloku lo ilitye lesikhumbuzo bokwakha federal. Kuyo uyakwazi ukuthetha ixesha elide. Onke amadoda edume emihle xesha kwilifa wegcisa. Repin wathabatha ngoLwesithathu, ezinye iintsuku wasebenza. indawo Repinsky ayaziwa zombini zeengqukuva, iindwendwe bahlanganisana kwipropati emva kweeyure ezi-3. Repin wayengumntu ekhethekileyo, a unique kunye yakhe "noPenates". ummandla wayo waba imithetho yaso. Abakhonzi wegcisa asibanjelwa mgaqo, kodwa abafazi ababini ukunceda ngeenxa zonke endlwini, wahlala apho ngokulinganayo kunye nabanini, bonke badla etafileni enye. Service nabani akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Ngenxa yokuhlutha nkqubo omiselwe kunikezelwe isohlwayo ngohlobo ingxelo kuluntu lisola isenzo sakhe.

Nomtsalane media Repin

Ezi ubudlelwane lwentando ngaphandle elingengangani, wenza Repin "noPenates" kuba nomtsalane ngakumbi. Umoya yaba mnandi kakhulu. Ekunyaniseni nokuthozama yomnikazi, abangazange ilale yemfaneleko le meko kunye nomfanekiso indleko yexesha lakhe, ukungabikho pretentiousness kwi kokusingqongileyo - bonke negalelo ekusekweni kobuhlobo nemvisiswano phakathi onke kunye neendwendwe welifa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, uphantsi kweempembelelo iintetho A. N. Beketova kunye Lva Tolstogo, owasebenzisa ukuza apha kuba ziindwendwe yokubulala-ezamahala ukutya ukutya, kwilifa alawulwa imifino. Ubukhulu becala le meko yenziwe ngokungqinelana kumzobo wegcisa. Loo itafile for undwendwe kwibhanka kunye olujikelezayo. Kumgangatho wokuqala babebekelwe izidlo kunye ngamnye weendwendwe ngokuvula iinqanam ukuba kuziswe pudding zakhe ezinqwenelekayo. Kuphela ngowe-1918, xa ngezikhondo zamehlo kwavela kunye neemveliso, netafile wanikezelwa izidlo rhoqo. Ngelo xesha linye umda Finnish ivaliwe, "noPenates" zaba ukuba Repin kakhulu kwaye Russian ezininzi kweli lizwe intwana kwelizwe. Yena ukudlulisela estate yakhe edume igcisa ngozalelwe kuloo Academy. Ngenxa ngumzobi enkulu igama Manor abeyifuyile ubomi yayo. Xa abantu bethetha okanye ubhale kuchaphulo ibeyinto igama elithi "noPenates", kuye kucace ukuba sithetha ilifa Ili Repina.

Ngoku ke Museum-lifa, akhiwe kule dilesi: 197738, eSt Petersburg, kwilali Repino, ingaselwandle emendweni, 411 - ifumana abatyeleli yonke imihla ngaphandle ngeMivulo ngooLwezibini, ukususela 10 kusasa. Service ukubona kuphela.