"Armenia" (nqanawa). Intlekele kwinkulungwane yama-20

"Armenia" - umkhombe, leyo ukufa ixesha elide ukufihla amandla. Malunga iwaka Kwafa abantu ababekhwele ngexesha lohlaselo waseJamani kwi Sevastopol. Novemba 7, 1941, suku kuqhutywa oku kuvezwa kwi Red Square, kwakukho lo embi. E kunxweme olusemazantsi eCrimea waya emazantsi "Armenia" - umkhombe, leyo ingqalelo enye iinqanawa best of the Black Sea Fleet. Kwale ntlekele na wavunyelwa into ingxelo. ejongwa kuphela "imfihlelo top" yenziwa 1989 le ncwadi epapashwe yi-Peoples Commissariat waseUSSR Navy, leyo wathi ngale ntlekele. Kwakungekho iinkcukacha - kuphela ngokuvimba ingxelo uququzelelo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa iinqanawa yokulwa kunye nempahla, kubandakanywa isitya umdla kuthi.

Iimpawu wenqanawa 'Armenia "

Inqanawa motor iyilwe iinjineli phantsi kolwalathiso J Koperzhinskogo, umyili oyintloko. NgoNovemba 1928, oko yasungulwa. Le nqanawa ke omnye phezulu iinqanawa ezisithandathu ezazihamba kuLwandle Black. Ingami uluhlu "Armenia" weekhilomitha 4.600. "Armenia" - umkhombe, nenokuthi ukuthwala abakhweli 518 kumagumbi okufundela, abakhweli kumgangatho 317 no 125 "yokuhlala" kwaye ezinobunzima ukuya ku-1 kweetoni eziliwaka .. Kulo mzekelo, inqanawa akwazi ukufikelela ngesantya-27 km / h. Ezintandathu iinqanawa best (ngaphandle ngokuba "Armenia", wawuquka "Abkhazia", "Ukraine", "Adjara", "eGeorgia" yaye "eCrimea") waqalisa ukukhonza umgca Odessa - Batumi - Odessa. Ezi mpahla ziye ithuthwa amawaka abakhweli de 1941

Inqanawa motor uba iphenyane yococeko kunye nezothutho

"Armenia" kunye ekuqaleni kwemfazwe ungxamile kwakhona umkhombe yothutho sanitary. igumbi Smoking sajikwa yaba ekhemesti, iindawo zokutyela similise zokubopha kunye nokuqhuba koomandlalo ezongezelelweyo kwenziwa ezingontsini. Plaushevsky Vladimir Yakovlevich, ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka 39 ubudala, wamiswa induna. XO waba Znayunenko UNikolai Fadeevich. Eli qela of "Armenia" yayiquka abantu 96, kunye 75 abongikazi, 29 abongikazi kunye noogqirha-9. Dmitrievskiy Pet Andreevich, ugqirha intloko yesixeko Hospital Odessa Railway, nto leyo eyaziwa kakuhle ukuba abaninzi kulo mzi, waba yintloko nabasebenzi bezonyango. Phezu kweqonga emacaleni kwakukho iminqamlezo abomvu eqaqambileyo, ibonakale ngokucacileyo ukususela emoyeni. Enkulu emhlophe iflegi kunye nomfanekiso iRed Cross Ndakhulela ecaleni imasti main.

Nangona kunjalo, la manyathelo akazange ukugcina iinqanawa esibhedlele. Aviation Goering ukususela kwimihla yokuqala imfazwe olwenziwe behlasela kuzo. Ambulance "Anton yaseChekhov" yaye "Kotovsky" zonakala ngoJulayi 1941 A "Adjara", ahlasele yehle bomber ngamalangatye, bangeyela phambi yonke Odessa. Bebonke isiphelo sinye ebahleleyo ngo-Agasti "Kuban".

Ukufaneleka 'Armenia "

I-Red Army, icinezelwe lutshaba, ubunzima ilahleko enkulu xa kusiliwa ngumsindo. Kukho kwalimala abantu abaninzi kangaka. Kwi ibhodi i "Armenia" bonke-yezulu abongikazi imini nobusuku wasebenza. Isitya 15 wenze moya kwakunzima yaye eziyingozi abalimele. "Armenia" liye kuthuthwa malunga-16 amawaka amajoni., Hayi kuquka abakhulileyo, abafazi kunye nabantwana baye babekwa apholile le nqanawa.

Leyo yimbali emfutshane enqanaweni "Armenia".

isitya protection

Kusenzima kakhulu engummangaliso iimeko ukufa enqanaweni. I 'Chronicle of Enkulu Patriotic War ... ", declassified ngo-1989, wathi inqanawa" Armenia "(umfanekiso eboniswe ngasentla)," Kuban ", kwakunye inqanawa noqeqesho" Dnepr "besuka Odessa kunye umbhuqi" elingenanceba ". Kakade ke, oku konga iinqanawa ezivela lathatyathwa moya waseJamani.

Manstein ne 2nd Army ndihambela ngokukhawuleza eCrimea. Umyalelo we-Black Sea Fleet Ndandingekakulungeli ukuba olu hlaselo. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, uqheliso Navy zaye kuphela ezo amaphulo mikhosi "intshabalalo 'kuhlaselo emanzini. Akukho mntu baye bacinga ukuba Sevastopol kuya kufuneka ukuba isikhusele elizweni.

Zokuthutha abahlali belimele eyayiza

AmaJamani Bakhawuleza, wathabatha ulawulo zonke iindlela komhlaba. Empini kweli lizwe (malunga 1 million) bavaleleke. imikhosi abaqeqeshiweyo abaphikisa uHitler iindawo saa ye-Red Army. Abazange ukunika Russian ithuba enkulu lokuphumelela. Abahlali usingasiqithi iCrimea ukuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba 1941 waqalisa ukuhamba kakhulu kuye. Emizini kunye indlela amajoni amaNazi waqalisa ukothuka. Abantu umzabalazo yokwenene umhlaba nakweyiphi izithuthi.

Kwizitrato Sevastopol ngo-Oktobha nangoNovemba 1941, walawula lihlazo. Ukususela isixeko bakhutshwe konke oko kunokwenzeka. Izibhedlele, ixhotyiswe e Sevastopol yaye neegalari zizele kwabangxwelerhiweyo, kodwa umntu wayalela ukuba baphume ngokukhawuleza yonke abasebenzi bezonyango. Sele namhlanje, besondela isixeko efestileni ibhasi okanye uloliwe kummandla Inkerman uya kuqaphela kuvuleke enkulu kunye iimfumba zamatye. Yalephuza nezibhedlele ezibe ngeenjiko. ababuleweyo Kuphela kancinci asuswa ukusuka apho ngeenqanawa-odolo Stalin ngayo. E. Nikolayeva, umongikazi esibhedlele ibonisa ukuba kwitonela nge "non-transportable" ngesibetho ababuleweyo ziye got yotshaba. ummeli SMERSH wakhokela ukuqhumisa. oogqirha ezimbini balile ndawo. Bona babulawa kunye wabangxwelerhiweyo.

FS Oktyabrsky, uSekela-Admiral Black Sea Fleet, uhlala ibanjelwe umbhuqi e ngokwalo "Ngesibindi". Yena zibuye kude imisebenzi enxulumene nokukhuselwa izitya esibhedlele kunye abakhweli kunye ukuyilwa convoys xa bewela ulwandle. Oktyabrsky ingqalelo ukuba le miba kufuneka isonjululwe abaphathi zezithuthi emkhosini. Esi sesinye sezizathu ukuba emazantsi oLwandle Omnyama kanti ezininzi iinqanawa best umkhweli kunye abantu apho.

Iimeko ezikhokelela ntlekele

Ngokutsho ubungqina kunye namaxwebhu wakufumanisa wakwazi ukubuyisela iziganeko landulelwe yiloo nqanawa iseyile "Armenia" Novemba 6, 1941 Le nqanawa yaba kwiindlela embilwini. "Armenia" ungxamile, wathabatha eninzi evacuees zamajoni longxwelerhiweyo. Imeko enqanaweni Ndandisoyika kakhulu. kuphangwa air German angaqala nangawuphi na umzuzu. Isambuku iinqanawa laBamnyama Sea Fleet waya elwandle ngokwemiyalelo-Oktobha, kuquka Cruiser "Molotov" apho radar inqanawa yeyona isikhululo kuphela Navy "Redoubt-K."

Kule yesifo Bay, kodwa "Armenia", ewalayishayo inqanawa "Bialystok". "ECrimea" wabathabatha abantu kunye nezixhobo pier Morzavoda. Ukukhweliswa ngezi iinqanawa yenziwa rhoqo. Plaushevsky, umthetheli "Armenia", wayalelwa ukuba ukuhamba ukusuka Sevastopol kwiiyure-19 nge-6 Novemba. Inqanawa bekufanele ukuba ukulandela Tuapse. Kuphela zikwasukela inkwili encinane phantsi ngokomyalelo PA Kulashova, uLt senior, wabelwa ukuba ahambe.

Utyeshelo "Armenia"

Captain Plaushevsky waqonda ukuba kule ebusuku emnyama, kunye nako kuphela ukunika lahlukile usiya ngesikhephe azikhusele ekuhlaselweni yotshaba. Yintoni ingcaphukiso kwaye kusimangalise umthetheli, xa wayalelwa ukuba ukushiya umzi ayikho ngongcwalazi ngokuhlwa, yaye iiyure 17, ngoxa ukukhanya. Emva kokufa nqanawa zococeko 'Armenia "kule meko ke kusondele.

Emva kokushiya iiyure 17 Sebastopol, inqanawa balibeka e Yalta kuphela emva kweeyure 9, t. E. Malunga nentsimbi 2. Ababhali-mbali baye bafumanisa ukuba indlela sifunyenwe odolo ezintsha: ukuya Balaclava kwaye chola-abasebenzi NKVD, abasebenzi bezempilo kunye ababuleweyo, njengoko amaJamani baqhubeka phambili.

Imveliso ye Yalta kunye ukufa 'Armenia "

Plaushevskomu ingxelo ukuba amagosa NKVD, amatshantliziyo iqela kunye nezibhedlele 11 ngababuleweyo abalindele ekulayisheni Yalta. Xa Admiral FS I October oko kwazeka ukuba "Armenia" kungenxa aphume Yalta emva kwemini, wabanika imiyalelo kumthetheli ukuba yenyuse iiyure-19, oko kukuthi, kude kube mnyama. Ubuncinane, ngoko uthi kumanqaku Admiral. I-Oktobha waphawula ukuba bekungekho mali ukubonelela-inshorensi ukuba isitya elwandle kunye nomoya. Ingqwayi-ngqwayi uyalelwe, kodwa kunjalo kuvele Yalta. ekuhlaseleni inomzimba German wayihlasela ngeeyure ezili-11. "Armenia" kwathiwa zitshone. Emva kokuba ungene inomzimba kwaba osinde imizuzu-4.

Ngaba October wayalela ukuba kudlulwe ngomhla okanye emva kweeyure 19

Ukungabikho kwamaxwebhu ukuba ngowama-1949 yaye kamva omnika sisithunzi. Ababhali-mbali ayikwazi ukunceda, kodwa ukrokrela ukuba Oktobha wazama ukufumana i kwiminyaka isizathu emva ntlekele. Kodwa kufuneka siqonde ukuba umphathi fleet Admiral wayesazi imeko yeqonga yemfazwe. Wayesazi apho inqanawa "Armenia" kunye nexesha xa ngomkhombe ukusuka elunxwemeni. I-Oktobha kwaye wayesazi ukuba le nqanawa ukuba amkhaphele, phantsi kolawulo zezulu moya isiJamani yi ithagethi ilungele ekuhlaseleni ihle ize inomzimba moya. Ukufa wenqanawa 'Armenia "ngo-1941 xa imini lokuhamba kwaba lula ukuba kusengaphambili. Ngoko ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba umyalelo ebusuku ukuba alinde, yena wanika Plaushevskomu. Noko ke, inqanawa kwenzeka ntoni kwabanye isiganeko semfene awabangela ukuba umphathi ukungamthobeli lo myalelo. Le yenye ukufa imfihlelo wenqanawa "Armenia".

Ukuthobela Plaushevsky

Makhe sibuyele emva ukuhlola iziganeko. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Plaushevskomu ukuze yoqobo yanikwa inkosi siye saqulunqwa ngokucacileyo: kuyimfuneko pick up abasebenzi bezempilo kunye ababuleweyo kwaye ulandele ukusuka Sevastopol e Tuapse ebusuku. Emva koko, umyalelo esingxamisekileyo yayifunyenwe ukuba kumhlangula ababuleweyo kunye nawokhathalelo iqela kufuneka silandele e Yalta. Lixesha 'Armenia "ukusuka Sevastopol yatshintshwa - kwakufuneka ahambe iiyure ezi-2 phambi kokuba iiyure 17. Ucwangco wesithathu, apho zizaku nikezelwa kudweliso umthetheli, bamenza pick kwakhona up abasemagunyeni ababuleweyo kunye zasekuhlaleni, ngaphandle kokuya kwi Balaklava Bay. Umyalelo yesine ezafumana ekuqaleni Plaushevsky kusasa ka November 7 FS I-Oktobha, wayalela ngesikhephe ukusuka Yalta ngokuhlwa, ngaphambi iiyure-19. Ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngayo yajika eyaphukileyo. Ingqwayi-ngqwayi yenqanawa wathuma elwandle umkhonjana evulekileyo, "Armenia", ukufa wakhe waba ngomnye iintlekele ezinkulu Enkulu Patriotic War.

Ngokungathandabuzekiyo Plaushevsky ngoyaba umyalelo kuphela kuba kwakufuneka ukuba bazithobe elinye igunya, nto leyo kuyo. Yaba intonga ka SMERSH kunye NKVD, esithathwe kwi ebhodini. Abantu abaseleyo phezu esemkhumbini, zibonwa Plaushevsky phambi umyalelo kwi ifuthe mooring, wavutha ngumsindo. Yena esineendudumo, wafunga, wakhangela njengesilwanyana engaphephekiyo. Kwaye Plaushevsky malunga nabo bathetha njengomntu onamava kakhulu kwaye zinegazi elibandayo. Kakade ke, umthetheli umnwe kwabo ziyakhawuleza ukuba ashiye Yalta. Yathembisa kuye isohlwayo ngenxa yokwala ukuthobela.

abasinde

"Armenia", epapashwe ukususela Yalta kusasa, sikhatshwe labalindi zolwandle, ngoko nangoko yahlaselwa inomzimba ezimbini. Yena ayikwazanga ukuhamba, kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-30. Emva torpedoing i sikhephe wasiyeka-4 imizuzu, uze emva koko yazika inqanawa "Armenia" (1941, Novemba 7). Kuphela ezisibhozo babekho ibhodi yakwazi ukubaleka. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ijoni Burmistrov IA Bocharov kanye nomsebenzi. Ndabona ukufa 'Armenia "kunye P. A. Kulashov, uLt yokuqala nomyali umzingeli olwandle. Xa wabuyela Sevastopol, yena bancinwa yi-NKVD inyanga bandula ke bakhululwa.

Ukukhangelwa 'Armenia "

Kwenzeka ukuba iimephu khange ucacise ngqo apho Inqanawa yazika, "Armenia". Indawo yokufa bakhe kumiselwa malunga kuphela. iinjini zokuphendla ze yaseMelika Ukrainian benze iinzame ngokudibeneyo ukufumana iintsalela enqanaweni, kuquka usebenzisa somfumani, "Titanic" submersibles Billard. Siye sahlolisisa eliqela kwiindawo zezikhukula kunokwenzeka. Eyona Inkqubo search mihla kusetyenziswa ngo-2008. Uthe square uye uphando amaxesha 27 ukuya phantsi! Iindleko hambo uthelekelelwa $ 2 million. Ngenxa yoko, oko kwafunyanwa isikhephe ezazikayo, i xinyenyana endala, enemikhono nokrwece. Noko ke, akuzange kube lula ukubona amathambo 'Armenia ", ubude apho obeziimitha ezili-110.

Asinako ngaphandle okuba inqanawa ehamba phantsi ithambeka kubunzulu ezinkulu, apho bakufumanisa kunzima kakhulu. Mhlawumbi ethile kukho umkhombe "Armenia 'ngezantsi. Iifoto isiza wabonisa ukuba uhlobo isiqabu asifanelanga naziphi na. Noko ke, mhlawumbi into yokuba iingcali nje musa ukukhangela ukuba kuyo. Umthetheli, eqonda nokuphela le meko, maxa ngomzuzu wokugqibela ukwenza isigqibo sokuba abuyele Sevastopol, phantsi ukhuselo moya flak isiseko esikhulu aselwandle. Noko ke, eyona kusenokwenzeka kukuba Plaushevsky ngokungqinelana myalelo, leyo zityikitywe 2 ekuseni ngu Stalin ngokwakhe, wayalelwa ukuba abuyele emva kwizibhedlele abasebenzi. Into yokuqala kolu xwebhu kwathiwa, ukuba Sevastopol kufuneka anike amaJamani kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuyimfuneko ukukhangela kuba umkhombe ayikho Gurzuf. Kungenzeka, oko abeam of Cape Sarich, ngakwintshona ndawo, wafuna indawo. Le sayithi nangoku iye uphando.

Ngethemba, le nqanawa "Armenia" iya kufumaneka kungekudala. 1941 uya ngonaphakade kuhlala omnye kakhulu buhlungu kwimbali Sevastopol. Iziganeko kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kufuneka ifundwe ngokunzulu ngakumbi, yaye 'Armenia "uphakanyiselwa ukusuka ezantsi. Ukufunwa wenqanawa "Armenia" uqhubeka.