Episcopal sigodlo Serpukhov: ncomo. Ngubani inceda Episcopal loonongendi Serpukhov?

Ngomhla isinyuko kunxweme asezantsi Nara River kufuphi ekudibaneni kwawo Oka River, umi unanamhla woonongendi, wabeka phantsi ngo 1360. Yena ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba Episcopal sigodlo, endala emhlabeni eMoscow.

Unobangela - ukubekwa wamasiko

Metropolitan Alexy (Elevfery Byakont) ngenkuthalo ekwakheni yoonongendi ngaphandle eMoscow. Njengoko i obalaseleyo, kungekuphela nje ecaweni, kodwa kananjalo laseburhulumenteni, waqonda ukuba ukholo kunokuba nebamanyanisayo kunye nokolula isiseko karhulumente Russian. Oku kuqinisekiswa ukuchaneka uloyiso yokuqala yomkhosi united Russian phezu Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, afunyanwa kwi entsimini Kulikovo (1380), nto leyo eye yenzeka kwiminyaka engama-20 emva kokuba woonongendi Episcopal wayebekwe khona.

Ubuqaqawuli owakha weemonki

Legend yokuba le sayithi phantsi kwe yangoku Episcopal sigodlo lwakhethwa ngokuyalelwa nguMama kaThixo: saint Moskovskiy Aleksy weva ilizwi lakhe evela icon, ebonisa indawo ngqo (bank lasekunene Nara kubamelwane Serpukhov). Ke kwakukho amahlathi pine nezangaphakathi. Ukwakhiwa woonongendi Metropolitan wanika umfundi wakhe kunye cellmate yakhe (umkhonzi iindwalutho ophezulu elikwisikhundla emishini kunye namadoda) Barlaam, naye waba nombono ngaphambi woonongendi njengoko ungowokubongwa Virgin uMariya wangena etempileni. Le mibono wayinika igama kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo lisakheka - Vvedensky Episcopal eMonastri (sigodlo ngoku Episcopal). Okokuqala kwakhiwa kwindawo mmandla, nabo, yaba ibandla yamaplanga ezinikezelweyo ukuze Ukunikwa Virgin.

Introduction to the yingcwele kangcwele

Ngoko nangoko emva kokufa Varlaam Serpukhov ngo-1377, lo gama enye, i icon kwabhalwa ngokuyalelwa Metropolitan Alexy, leyo nangoko baba wayesoyikwa yayimangalisa. Yintoni na igama lakhe - "? Ukuqaliswa ungowokubongwa uMariya yingcwele kangcwele" Ngokutsho ngokwesithethe Church, iNtombi Mary, abazali bakhe nguJoachim kunye Anna eneminyaka emithathu zikhokelele endlwini. Ngoko wenza isifungo sabo, ukuba ingcwaliselwe kuThixo. Yingcwele kangcwele ndiyintombazana de amale kuYosefu. Le icon eyayinqulwa kangangeenkulungwane njengoko zamahenyu zendlu yetempile.

Woonongendi-lamabutho

Present Episcopal sigodlo lonke ubukho balo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuthi xumbu kwayo, kwakhona yakhiwa. Emva kokufa kuka Metropolitan Alexy eMonastri, ibekwe kwi kumda kumgca ongezantsi le ubulawuli eMoscow aye ngokuthe ngcembe inkqubo labalindi waqalisa ukuhla. Wayesoloko evezwa esihlasela, kuba zazikufuphi ukuya kwindawo yokunqumla kakhulu lula ngaphesheya Oka koMlambo. Woonongendi Wayengqongwe ngodonga ukuzithethelela, kunye nommandla wayo kwakukho imipu.

Amahla ndinyuka

Ukuvuselelwa kunye nokwanda kwe woonongendi waba kwixesha kobukumkani Boris Godunov, ngubani kwafuneka ukuba balwe phantsi iindonga ngo 1598 kunye ingxokolo i iCrimea Khan Kazi Giray. Kodwa amabutho utshaba lihambe ngaphandle kokuthatha umlo. Deeming ngayo ngummangaliso, Boris Godunov wayalela ukubuyisela nokuphucula yokuhlala. Lahamba ixesha, kwaye woonongendi kwakhona ukuhla. Kwaba kubi kangangokuba ngo-1806 kwabakho umbuzo obalulekileyo bupheliswe. Metropolitan of eMoscow Kolomna uPlato wajika waya Alexander I kunye nesicelo yokuhambelana Serpukhov woonongendi ukusuka inkunzi ukuya imazi.

Nunnery zafela

Emva ukufika ukuya khona indela zokuqala prioress Dionysia abahlanu ezine monki Vladychna sigodlo (Serpuhov) iyatyayamba na. Kwaye nangona sele yazichonga woonongendi kweklasi III, obekumele ukuba 17 kuphela noonongendi eMonastri, phantsi kolawulo izilumko unondyebo yangaphambili ye-Novodevichy Monastery anoDiyonisiyo waqalisa ukuba ngokuzimisela. iitempile Old babuyiselwa, izakhiwo ezitsha bamiswa, yaye phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX Episcopal Vvedensky sigodlo waba phakathi kweendonga zayo oonongendi ngaphezulu kwama-300. Le isigodlo ke babedume nabemi bayo. Apha, ukususela 1806 ukuya 1845 waphila loo bayou odumileyo wamsikelela Euphrosyne, ngawo ihlabathi sasibizwa ngokuba Princess Evdokia Vyazemskaya.

Phakathi abbesses ayo Mitrofanii kwaye ehlabathini - i Baroness Rosen, apho weemonki yachuma. Wayesele prioress ukususela 1861 ukuya 1773. Ngokungaqhelekanga umdla, ziyahlelwa lo mfazi ngokungaqhelekanga owaba Heroine yemisebenzi A. N. Ostrovskogo, N. A. Nekrasova, Saltykov-Shchedrin.

ezinzima

Ngowe-1919, i-loonongendi Episcopal (Serpukhov) musa ukubatshabalalisa - ivalwe, zingafuni bonke abahlali, yaye yabeka "School voenletov ebomvu" ezindongeni ngokungqongqo izakhiwo weemonki. wayelapha Flight esikolweni de 1978. Kwaye ngoko sisezindongeni ecaweni kwafika intlekele real - engama 17 ukuba sele ngokucwangcisiweyo baphanga. Abantu balapha ngokoqobo ayiqwenge ngezitena ngu ngezitena, apho kukho ngoku uvuyo iigaraji kunye egadini.

Imvuselelo yokugqibela luhlaza

Ngowe-1995, kwaqala umsebenzi kukubuyisela kwayo oluxandileyo, walandelwa kwabaxhamla ye woonongendi - amabhodlo indela bahlala. I-Sinodi Ngcwele kut- woonongendi wayisikelela. Mother Alexia (Petrov) kunye obungqongqo eziliqela safika iqashiso esingenamntu, apho kwakungekho nto - akukho unxibelelwano, akukho zokuhlala. Makubulelwe kuphela ubuqhawe lwabo ngoku Vvedenskii Episcopal sigodlo (Serpukhov), eli enkampini Russia oyiNgcwele, ijongeka ngokufanayo kwi Boris Godunov. Kodwa siqhuba umsebenzi wokulungisa.

Siza kubuya usiphilise

Ukuze ufake imbonakalo yangaphambili woonongendi, ukuba silungele ophilileyo, imisebenzi elincinane noonongendi ngokunyaniseka. Bona, bade ukuvuselela nangobungcibi indala oyimfakamfele ngegolide, leyo ngoku idume eMonastri yayo, ayikwazanga ukucofa kunye iqhezu encinane mali efunekayo. Umbuzo ngulo: "Ngubani inceda Episcopal sigodlo?" Serpukhov - iziko yesithili kunye idolophu encinane nayo imali ukubuyisela woonongendi, nangona ulawulo lenza konke okusemandleni alo. Kakade ke, kukho iminikelo, kwaye singatsho ukuba ehlala ihlabathi lifinyele.

indlu ifuna

Kodwa loonongendi Episcopal kukho amazwi esixabisekileyo - i icon ye nguMama kaThixo "yigolide Cup". Ukufumana i icon lisukela emva ku-1878 kwaye unxulunyaniswa Varlaam, umphathi yokuqala weemonki. Lo die nyaka ukusela ijoni umhlala abahlala kweli phondo Tula, ephupheni kwabonakala Barlaam waza wathumela e Serpukhov sigodlo, besithi kuye icon "yigolide Cup", apho inkululeko unako ukumsindisa ekufeni. Ukuphiliswa wayelele kunye namandla kangangokuba ubuqaqawuli kumfanekiso ngokungummangaliso, labhabha kuqala ngaphaya okwilizwe, uze uqhubeke. I icon kuyo kwi loonongendi de-1919. Emva lokuvala Vladychny eMonastri ukuba bafudukela Cathedral of St Nicholas White. Emva 1929, xa St Nicholas Cathedral, wadamba ukuya khona, ukuba ikhethe kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo unyamalale. Kodwa kukho inguqulelo ukuba ngoku yingqokelela yabucala eMoscow, umnini apho, ekubeni kubukho ngokupheleleyo, imali yoguqulo izinto ukuya woonongendi kudinga liphakamile.

uluhlu ezimangalisayo

Ngowe-1993, ababini ayeze icon imimangaliso abayisebenzisayo uluhlu zenziwa - omnye kwi Episcopal sigodlo, omnye - e Vysotsky lamadoda, ibekwe kwi ibhanki icala ephakamileyo Nara. Kwaye umzila ethandwa kwezi zonqulo ayikho yene. Apha hamba bavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe zabantu; kwi woonongendi Episcopal icon umele uvule - yena uphilisa abantu butywala, mkhuba iziyobisi nokutshaya. Lo mfanekiso yenza engundoqo woonongendi kaThixo umtsalane Serpukhov.

uhlobo lentendelezo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukufikelela woonongendi akukho lula, ngoko ke akuyi abakhenkethi, yaye ehlala uwulahlileyo. Aba bantu baya ngokukhethekileyo uncedo. ngeminikelo yabo - ngomba engundoqo yengeniso ezintsonkothileyo. Episcopal sigodlo ingxelo kuhle kakhulu. Kwiindawo ezinjalo lokuba intuthuzelo ngokomoya kwaye impiliso, kodwa xa bahambi kumkhawulela ucoceko nokuzilungisa, Siyavuyiswa kabini. Kunika umdla ukuba ummandla woonongendi ifama ipikoko, yaye kufanelekile oko, kuba ezingalweni isixeko Serpukhov kukho iintsiba ipikoko. Kwaye oko kuboniswa khona ngenxa yokuba kwezi yoonongendi zombini, aba malunga ngamnye ezinye kwiibhanki ahlukeneyo Nara kumaxesha amandulo, kunye Lunenceba yengwamza ukufuya 1691.

Iitempile kunye kwizindlu woonongendi

Ngelo isigodlo kukho iintlafuno eziliqela. Okokuqala - Vvedensky Cathedral, yakhiwa ngo-1362 salungiswa Borisom Godunovym. Xa olu hlobo ecaweni-angqukuva amahlanu ukhona namhlanje. Okwesibini - etempileni Georgiya Pobedonostsa, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane XVI emva kwexesha. Yena mhle kakhulu. Ngenkulungwane elilandelayo, XVII, lwakwakhiwa ibandla St. uAlexius. Enye ibandla yangasese kwakhiwa 1599 imbeko Ngumfeli Feodota Ankirskogo, likwancedisa umfanekiso jikelele woonongendi engaqhelekanga. Xa woonongendi kukho ezinye iitempile ngokungummangaliso, kuquka izinto ezingcwele St. Barlaam, nganye kuzo singqongwe amavo. Indlela ukuya woonongendi? Ngololiwe ukusuka kwikomkhulu ukuya kwisikhululo "Serpukhov". Ukusuka apha woonongendi kukho inani ibhasi 4 "Oktobha". Ibizwa ngokuba hambo ukuze kuba woonongendi ukwakweli Oktobha kwisitrato inombolo yendlu 40.