Yintoni na impazamo womlinganiselo

Xa umlinganiselo kunzima ukufumana inyaniso yexabiso i parameter ethile. Nokuba, ayizukubakho ixabiso efumanise sobungakanani enziwa eqinisekisiwe izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu imposiso womlinganiselo, nto leyo yayiza kuba ngamanani lilingane ukutenxa kileyo ifunyenwe yayo yi nokuhlola. Xa ezingundoqo zalo, oko luphawu ngokuchaneka imilinganiselo. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zabantu abangaka lilodwa.

Ngoko ke, lo impazamo womlinganiselo kunokuba kume okanye nabanamandla. Kwimeko yokuqala kubhaliwe ibalwa ekumiseleni amaxabiso constants kwezi meko, neya kugqitywa xa transients kwizixhobo kunye transducers izinto. Kwimeko eyesibini i parameter imiselwa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo (onamandla). Kuthetha yokulinganisa eli xabiso ibalwa ngokuthabatha evela kuthetha, kuchaziwe ngokwemigaqo impazamo enamandla emile, okuhambelana ixabiso ngexesha elithile yokulinganisa isiphoso.

Kwakhona, lo impazamo womlinganiselo kunokuba ecwangcisiweyo kunye random. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukuphambuka kwixabiso lokwenene rhoqo okanye ukutshintsha rhoqo xa esenza izinto ezininzi ngokwemilinganiso okuphindwayo kwe parameter efanayo. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ukuvela eli candelo. Kwimeko ezininzi jikelele, olu hlobo impazamo ngumsebenzi of:

• measurand;
• izinto eziphembelela ixabiso kulinganiswa (apha sivame ubushushu, ukufuma, ombane kunye nezinye izinto);
• ixesha.

Impazamo emisiweyo akuthethi ziyahluka umthamo kwaye ungena kwimeko imifuniselo eziliqela ngaxeshanye. Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

1. Izixhobo inaccuracy, esizibonakalisa kwiimeko yokulinganisa ukuphambuka kuthetha parameters evela iimpawu wesiqhelo. Ngenxa kule impazamo womlinganiselo instrumental iveliswa, ebalwayo ukuba isixhobo esithile nganye.

2. ukhetho engaphelelanga okanye engachanekanga indlela womlinganiselo: Imposiso ngendlela.

3. Izinto ezenziwa abantu, oko kukuthi, impazamo ayinyani.

4. Isiphumo izinto ezithile ngenxa yemeko ezisingqongileyo.

Icandelo random kusisiphumo intshukumo emanyeneyo eziliqela izizathu eziza kuvela kunini na ukuze lobukhulu ethile nganye, umzekelo, ngokuthi kwamaza a ombane rhoqo. Ngoko ke, lo umboniso yeli candelo kunzima ukuqikelela, kwaye ke ngaphandle. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ifuthe iimpazamo random kwiziphumo lokugqibela isikali lwenziwa iindlela ezininzi, iziphumo nto leyo emiselwe yi ixabiso avareji ye parameter efunekayo.

Le Imposiso ixhomekeke kwindlela yokumisela ixabiso olifunayo. Ukuchaneka ngokwemilinganiso ngqo ayimiselwanga nje ngqo. Kwimeko yokuqala, ixabiso wobungakanani uthathwa ngexesha yokulinganisa, ukuba kulandelwa ngqo ecaleni eyaziwa yokubala ebalwe. Kwimeko yesibini, i parameter ethile empirically uzimisele, esazi ukuba unako ukubala inani elifunekayo. Kuphela emva koko ibalwe ukusuka isiphoso ngokwemilinganiso ngqo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zinganikezelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa bodwa elililo, isalamane kunye lincitshiswe. Kwimeko yokuqala umahluko wesiqhelo kunye ixabiso elililo lwe measurand. Kule yesibini - umlinganiselo walo ulahlekiso egqibeleleyo kunye nexabiso lokwenyaniso. Le Imposiso wemilinganiso kumiselwa ngokwahlula ixabiso ixabiso elililo into ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njenge rhoqo ukuba somlinganiselo lokuphumla ethile. Yintoni uhlobo ntetho oyikhethayo iya kuxhomekeka nokuhlola ethile.