Yabemi India kunye China: data ezisemthethweni kunye noqikelelo. China ne-Indiya nkqubo demographic

Yabemi Indiya kunye neTshayina yanda ngokukhawuleza ngonyaka ngamnye. Okwangoku, inani labantu abahlala uMhlaba malunga 7.2 billion. Noko ke, njengoko iingcali UN ukuqikelela ukuba ngo-2050, eli nani akwazi ukufikelela $ 9.6 yezigidi zezigidi.

Amazwe elimiweyo inabantu abaninzi kulinganiselwa 2016

Khawucinge nje amazwe ali-10 apho labemi lelona liphezulu ehlabathini, njengokuba ka-2016:

1. China - malunga 1,374 billion.
2. India - malunga 1,283 billion.
3. United States - 322 694 000.
4. Indonesia - 252.164.000.
5. Brazil - 205 521 000.
6. Pakistan - 192 million.
7. Nigeria - 173.615.000.
8. Bangladesh - 159.753.000.
9. Russia - 146 544 000.
10. Japan - 127,130 mln.

Njengoko kubonakala ukusuka kuluhlu, abemi India neChina zezona zininzi kakhulu, kwaye ngaphezu kwama-36% yalo lonke uluntu ehlabathini. Kodwa UN iingcali ingxelo, umfanekiso lwentlanga 2028 ziya kutshintsha kakhulu. Ukuba indawo ekhokelela bobabo eTshayina, ngoko emva kweminyaka 11-12, abantu India iya kuba ngaphezu kwe-e-China.

emva konyaka omnye, xa ngalinye kula mazwe kuqikelelwa ukuba inani labantu 1.45 bhiliyoni. Kodwa isantya sokukhula labemi China iza kuncipha, lo gama India, ukwanda kwabantu iza kuqhubeka de-imi- 50 kule nkulungwane.

Yintoni na ukwanda kwabantu China?

Yabemi China ngo-2016 abantu 1.374.440.000. Nangona indawo enkulu lizwe, China akuyi enabantu abaninzi. Kuse- abantu Chinese akulingani ngenxa eziliqela ezindawo. Ubuninzi babantu avareji 1 square kilometre ngabantu-138. Malunga nenkqubo efanayo amazwe aseYurophu olunjalo njengoko ePoland, Portugal, France kunye neSwitzerland.

labemi Indiya kuba 2016 ngaphantsi kwe e China, malunga nezigidi ezingama-90, kodwa ukuxinana yalo amaxesha 2.5 ephezulu kwaye imalunga 363 ngabantu 1 square kilometre nganye.

Ukuba intsimi Chinese ayenziwanga ngokupheleleyo, kutheni na, usathetha apho engase? Eneneni, idatha-avareji akakwazi ukubonisa yonke kakuhle eli ngxaki. E China, kukho iingingqi apho Ubuninzi babantu 1 square kilometre kumawaka, umzekelo: e-Hong Kong eli nani 6,500, ngoxa Macau - 21 000. Yintoni na isizathu le nto? Eneneni, ezininzi kuzo:

• iimeko zezulu;
• indawo geographical ummandla othile;
• Icandelo lezoqoqosho kwimimandla ngamnye.

Ukuba uthelekiso of India neChina, ummandla karhulumente yesibini likhulu kakhulu. Kodwa osentshona kwaye esemantla lizwe Kwandile elingamiweyo. Kula maphondo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba malunga nama-50% wonke ummandla eli lizwe, likhaya-6% kuphela yabemi. Phantse aqhweshayo ingqalelo iintaba Tibet kunye Takla Makan kunye Gobi.

labemi China kunyaka-2016 kwinani elikhulu becala kwimimandla echumileyo kweli lizwe, leyo sandile North China Plain, kwaye kufuphi yamanzi ezinkulu - i iteksti kunye Pearl River.

Ingumasipala inkulu e China

imizi Huge nezigidi nabemi zixhaphakile for China. Iinkalo inkulu ombaxa zezi:

• Shanghai. Kulo mzi, kukho abemi million 24. Le ibekwe kwizibuko inkulu ehlabathini.
• Beijing - likomkhulu of China. Apha ke urhulumente karhulumente kunye neminye imibutho yolawulo. Esi sixeko yi ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga ne-21 million.

Kuba megacities aba Harbin, Tianjin kunye Guangzhou.

Abantu Chinese

Ingxenye esemqoka yabemi kuMbindi yoBukumkani kaHananiya ubuzwe (91.5% yabo bebonke). Kwakhona kwi kummandla China likhaya 55 amaqela eentlanga. Eyona ezininzi zezi:

• Chuang - 16 million.
• - mazwi 10 million.
• ETibet - 5 million.

abantu Small Loba akanayo abantu abangaphezu kwama-3,000.

Ingxaki software lemveliso

Yabemi India neChina zezona zininzi kakhulu ehlabathini, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kukho into engxamisekileyo ingxaki ukutya ulungiselelo kule mimandla.

E China inani umhlaba olimekayo nama-8% yendawo epheleleyo. Kulo mzekelo, iindawo ezithile zomhlaba iyasuleleka inkunkuma ezingafanelekanga ukulima. Ngaphakathi ingxaki yokutya lizwe ayikwazi ukuba kusonjululwe ngenxa yokunqongophala kakhulu kokutya. Ngoko ke, abatyali-Chinese abantu bathenga up izixa ezikhulu imisebenzi yezolimo kunye nokutya, uthabathe rent kumhlaba otyebileyo kwamanye amazwe (Ukraine, eRashiya, Kazakhstan).

umngeni isigqibo lobunkokheli kwiriphabliki kaThixo kuthetha ngqo. Kuphela ngo-2013 yayityalwe billion 12 zeerandi ukwenzela ukuthenga yokudla ehlabathini lonke.

Inani labemi yaseIndiya 2016 ngaphaya 1.2 billion, kwaye ingxinano inyuswe ukuya kutsho abantu 363 1 square kilometre nganye. La manani ukwandisa umthwalo ngokubonakalayo kwi cropland. Kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukunika ukutya ukuze abantu abaninzi, yaye ingxaki okudityanisiweyo okuyinzala kunyaka ngamnye. Inani elikhulu labantu India lisekho ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko, urhulumente ukwenza umgaqo-nkqubo labemi okuphembelela thile meko. Iinzame ukuba kuchithwe ukukhula ngokukhawuleza labemi zivela phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

nkqubo elibonisa China kunye India ejolise elawula ukukhula kwenani labantu kula mazwe.

Iimpawu ze -nkqubo demographic e China

Nobuninzi of China kunye Usongo imveliso kunye kwintlekele yoqoqosho kwanyanzeleka uRhulumente ukuba athathe amanyathelo isigqibo ukuthintela iimeko ezifanayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, siye iphuhlise isicwangciso control lokuzalwa. Ku yaziswa ukukhuthaza inkqubo ukuba ikhule umntwana 1 kuphela entsatsheni, yaye abo babefuna ukuthenga abantwana 2-3 kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule imali eninzi. Asingabo bonke abantu kweli lizwe unako ukuhlawula iindleko zonyango. Nangona ezincane ezintsha ziya ukusasaza. Bavunyelwa ukuba babe nabantwana ababini yaye ngamanye amaxesha amathathu.

Inani lamadoda e China ilawula labemi nemazi, ngoko ukuzalwa amantombazana kuyakhuthazwa.

Nangona onke amanyathelo kwenziwa nguRhulumente, ingxaki ukwanda nangoku uhlala engekasonjululwa.

Ukuqaliswa kwe-nkqubo demographic phantsi kwesigwagwiso "enye intsapho - omnye umntwana" kuye kwabangela ukuba neziphumo ezibi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, China iye ukuguga hlanga, oko kukuthi, abantu abadala ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, kukho malunga ne-8%, ngomlinganiselo-7%. Ekubeni kungekho inkqubo yomhlala phantsi karhulumente, ukunyamekela lingena abadala emagxeni abantwana babo. Kunzima kakhulu kubantu abadala abahlala okanye musa nabantwana babo abakhubazekileyo.

Enye ingxaki enkulu kukuba ukungalingani ngokwesini eTshayina. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, inani amakhwenkwe zidlula amantombazana. 100 Abasetyhini kubalelwa abantu abamalunga ne-120. Izizathu iingxaki ezinjalo zibangelwa ngesondo lo mbungu ukufumanisa ubulungu kwi ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa kunye izisu ezininzi. Ngokutsho manani, loo nto ixela ukuba kwiminyaka 3-4 inani zeSidanga sokuQala lizwe uya kufikelela 25 million.

Policy Demographic in India

Kwinkulungwane edlulileyo inani yabemi China ne-Indiya liye lakhula amaxesha, ngenxa apho ingxaki ucwangciso nzala kula mazwe Sizibandakanye kwinqanaba likarhulumente kulo. Ekuqaleni, inkqubo nkqubo abemi ziquka ulawulo lokuzalwa ukuphucula intlalo-ntle kwiintsapho. Phakathi amazwe amaninzi asakhasayo India yenye owokuqala wazeka umbuzo ofanayo. Le nkqubo yaqaliswa ngo-1951. Ukuze ukulawula izinga sokuzalwa, indlela yokucwangcisa kunye nzala, leyo kuthwalelwa phandle ngokuzithandela. Amadoda uyavuma utyando enjalo, ukukhuthaza States ukunika imali umvuzo.

labantu Male ngamanani nakolu phezu imazi. Ekubeni cwangciso olungafanelekanga, some ngo-1976. Amadoda abakhe abantwana ababini okanye ngaphezulu, zanyanzeleka nzala.

Kule 50 zenkulungwane lokugqibela eIndiya bavunyelwa ukuba atshate namabhinqa iminyaka kunye namadoda kwiminyaka 22 15. Ngowe-1978, eli zinga landiswa ukuya ku-18 no-23 eminyaka ngokulandelelana.

Ngowe-1986, amava China pocherpnuv kwiqondo iNdiya kulindeleke ukuba abantwana 2 ngosapho.

Ngo-2000, utshintsho lungako lwenziwayo-nkqubo yezibalo. reference Main wenziwa ukukhuthaza kukuphuculwa kweemeko zokuphila kweentsapho ngokunciphisa inani labantwana.

India. Ezinkulu iindawo ombhaxa kunye nobuzwe

Kwizixeko ezinkulu kweli lizwe likhaya phantse isinye kwisithathu amaNdiya. yeyona ndawo inkulu ombaxa:

• Bombay (15 PPM).
• YaseCalcutta (13m).
• Delhi (11m).
• EMadras (6 m).

India - lilizwe ngeentlanga, likhaya kubantu abangaphezulu kwama 2,000 ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqela eentlanga. I ezininzi kakhulu zezi:

• amaHindu;
• Bengalis;
• Marathi;
• IsiXhobo kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Kuba iintlanga amancinci ziquka:

• Naga;
• Manipuri;
• liphawula;
• miso;
• tiper.

Malunga ne-7% basonta izizwe umva, ehamba indlela phantse isintu yobomi.

Kutheni umgaqo-Indiya demographic ayiphumeleli kwe China?

iimpawu Socio-economic of India neChina zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye. Oku kungenxa yokusilela kwaye nkqubo yamanani abantu bendawo ethile amaHindu. Cinga izinto eziphambili ngenxa ongayi kakhulu kuchaphazela ukukhula sabantu;

1. Isinye kwisithathu abantu Indiya zithathwa isisweli.
2. umgangatho wemfundo liphantsi kakhulu kweli lizwe.
3. Ukuthobela neenkolelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zonqulo.
4. umtshato Early ngokwe izithethe wemileniyam.

Uninzi umdla kukuba kule meko ngenxa yokukhula kwenani labantu Kerala asezantsi kweli lizwe. Ummandla efanayo ithathwa sifunde kakhulu. abantu lokufunda nokubhala yi-91%. Kuba wonke umfazi kweli lizwe unabantwana-5, lo gama abahlali Kerala - ubuncinane ezimbini.

Iingcali zithi iminyaka 2 yabemi Indiya ne-China kulingane efanayo.