Amaphelo - it ... Izifo: imizekelo, amagama, imifanekiso

Ukuphila kwilizwe iplanethi yethu zahlukahlukene kakhulu ezizodwa. Kunzima ukuba beze into sihle, ogqibeleleyo yaye emangalisayo. Izityalo, izilwanyana, nomngundo, iintsholongwane - bonke bephela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuqhelana ubukho, iimpawu zabo ahlukile. umzimba ngamnye ithande ukuhlala kwayo niche eziphilayo, babe yinxalenye kwisangqa lempilo. Ngoko, kwaye zihlelwe kangangoko unako, besebenzisa zonke iindlela ezikhoyo ukwenza njalo.

Amaqela Environmental eziphilayo ngokungqinelana iindidi kwavumela

Kakade ke, abahlala kwintsimi enye rhoqo nge efanayo umthombo wamandla, zonke izidalwa eziphilayo unyanzelwe ukuba sithumelelane iisms ebudeni intsebenziswano. Bonke bungabonakala iintlobo 9 kwavumela eziphilayo:

1. Neutralism - iintlobo asixhomekeki kwenye kwaye wayamene nayiphi na intsebenziswano.
2. Ukhuphiswano - interspecific kunye intraspecific. umthombo Healthy yokunciphisa zendalo inani iintlobo, iindawo capture kwiintlobo ezithile zezityalo nezilwanyana.
3. Mutualism okanye ngokuncedisana - uhlobo iintlobo ubudlelwane apho obuza sokubambisana kunye nabanye. Kulo mzekelo, inzuzo kuyabonakala ukuba omabini amaqela. Umzekelo: mycorrhiza kunye neengcambu zemithi, iintsholongwane nitrogen-ukulungiswa kunye nezityalo njalo njalo.
4. Interspecific efanayo. Uhlobo ulwalamano, apho abameli bezicatshulwa ezahlukeneyo bamanyene nxamnye notshaba mnye, sizani ngamnye nezinye izinambuzane njalo njalo. D.
5. Commensalism kunye electrophoresis - ubomi inkosi enkulu ngumthombo yokuhlala okanye ukutya kwezinye iintlobo, ezincinane. Yingozi ifumana akukho mntu okanye omnye, ukusetyenziswa elinye macala.
6. Amensalizm - ubomi omnye umzimba kuphazamisa ubukho eqhelekileyo enye. Umzekelo: Umthi ingca ngezantsi kuye akafumani ukukhanya ngokwaneleyo.
7. Parasitism, xa uhlobo olunye - umnini, enye - umtyeleli, ibangela umonakalo omkhulu impilo kunye nobomi eziphilayo. Iklasi lweentshulube kumba kakhulu. Mvelo eziphilayo ezinjalo balandela indlela parameter nganye. Phakathi kwazo kukho abameli zonke izikumkani indalo.
8. Uburhamncwa - ukutya iintlobo enamandla ngaphezu ngokuncipha. The main Ixabiso - ummiselo yenani zenye kungengokwentlambululo yendawo abameli abagulayo kalujaca.
9. Allelopathy - chemical kukudakumba phakathi kwezinye iintlobo zezityalo.

Enye yezinto ezinkulu, ezichaphazela impilo yoluntu kunye neentlobo yentsebenziswano phakathi eziphilayo yi parasitism. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha.

Amaphelo - ngubani na le nto?

Ukuba igama eliguqulelwe ngokoqobo, lithetha "ukutya kufuphi", "ecaleni ukutya." Oku sele becala uchaza ukuba esi silwanyana. Zilwanyana - eziphilayo ezikhona nangeendleko zomnini wobomi, ii-ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwaye kudla imveliso inkunkuma. Umonakalo omkhulu, ngokufuthi ebulalayo.

Amaphelo - nguye ohlala kwabanye zonke iziva-mvo kunye iinkalo. Kukho abameli abazobe abantu, izilwanyana, izityalo. Khuphani a lot of izifo ezikhokelela ukunxila ubuthi kancinane babulala umzimba host evela ngaphakathi. Ngembonakalo, isakhiwo lwangaphakathi ikutyela zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Iifoto ezininzi kubo ingabonwa kwinqaku. Abameli Sami ukuze ujonge izinto ezilandelayo:

1. izityalo olwaye lwamfimfitha.
2. izinambuzane Izinambuzane.
3. Lenyama.
4. Izilwanyana.
5. Obude.
6. Bacterium.

Kucacile ukuba iifom ubomi olunjalo phakathi ubukumkani nganye. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye zazo siqwalasele iimpawu yokuphila ngesakhiwo umonakalo kubanini.

ezidala elilodwa

Amalungu zincinane le amaqela kokonakaliswa eziphilayo. Amaxesha amaninzi kakhulu enzima ukuya ngeliso lenyama. Ezineefitsha ku isakhiwo:

• Ukuma komzimba ingaba rhoqo, kodwa ingahluka ngenxa yokungabikho yeqokobhe kunye turgor;
• nande zombini ngokwesondo asexually (ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zendalo);
• Iqulethe izinto ezikhethekileyo musa ukuvumela ukuba azinakwetyiswa emkhosini eziphilayo;
• Kusenokuba ixesha elide kwimo lwakho ezintathu zokuqala lweenkqubo ebomini, kukho uhlobo ubuthongo (cysts);
• ukuphefumla wonke umphezulu umzimba;
• ukuhamba usebenzisa isiliya okanye misila, prolegs.

Types of lenyama ekumfimfitheni

Kweseli amaphelo - oku ukuba kuyingozi, sivela yabantu kwisilwanyana and vice versa, ebangela inani isifo esimandundu kwaye kuyingozi xa umkhosi wayo. imizekelo gumbini zezi:

• Leishmania;
• trypanosomes;
• Plasmodium falciparum;
• segazi amoeba;
• Toxoplasma;
• babesia;
• gregarines nabanye.

Amagciwane, zidweliswe ngasentla abamagama, Avelisa igama elinye sifo ebantwini kunye nezilwanyana, imiphumo ngazo nasemva unyango kuhlala emibi. Izilonda eluswini, ukuba amabi kakhulu, kwimimandla echaphazelekayo ngamalungu zangaphandle nezangaphakathi, ukonakala kweendlela zikarhulumente komzimba jikelele, efuna, ukungachumi kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Leishmania

Enye izidalwa kakhulu yingozi olunye-ezineseli abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezininzi Leishmania. Loo amaphelo - a omzimba ngemikroskopu ukuba kwelinye icala lomzimba yomsila kunye nezinye - blefaroplast. Inxalenye engundoqo iqulethe ndoqo. Ukulungisa ezi zidalwa kwi udakada, isibindi bone umongo. Bona batya imixholo iiseli, ziyibuyisela ubuchule babo ukuze baphile. Bayakwazi ukuba zande ngokukhawuleza, ze aqale umonakalo umkhosi. izinambuzane kudluliselwa izibawu ezinjalo.

Esi sifo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ekutyeni nasemakhalaneni protozoan ebizwa Leishmania. Oko kunokuthi kwenzeke ngeendlela ezimbini:

• owomileyo;
• elila.

Ebonakalisa ngayo loo manxeba wawafumanayo iyabhiqiza kakhulu eluswini, lihamba ngokukhawuleza wonke umzimba. elide Unyango, enzima, maxa wambi ixesha ukufikelela kulo nyaka. indawo Main zokusasaza kunye ukusulelwa sisidleleli - India, Italy, China kunye Iran.

trypanosome

Protozoan amaphelo okubangela izifo ezinzima. Eyona oluqhelekileyo - ukugula ilele. Trypanosomes zikhona kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Indawo Ukungena kunye nentshabalalo emzimbeni:

• zamanzi kunye negazi;
• ingqondo kunye umnqonqo;
• fluid serous.

A inaso esi sifo - iimpukane izibawu, bugs. Lithe laqhenqetha kakhulu e-Afrika. Symptomatology lokugula yokulala:

• ukudumba kakhulu eluswini, ngaphakathi apho, akwandise, nokuphuhlisa ukungcola;
• nesiyezi;
• isicaphucaphu;
• ukulahleka lonxulumelwano;
• isifo lwezempilo;
• ukukhubazeka engqondweni;
• fatigue eliphezulu;
• buthathaka kwamajoni omzimba kwaye njalo njalo.

Mhlawumbi ngethuba ifomu yondele kakhulu, oko kuphelela ekufeni. Unyango obukhulu, iinyanga kunye neminyaka. Kungcono ukwenza uthintelo kwaye bavelisa omzimba ukuya parasite kwiindlela phambili ngokukhethekileyo.

Izinambuzane phakathi izinambuzane

Kukho kwakhona kakhulu kakhulu, ukuba ngamanye ziyingozi kakhulu kwaye kakhulu sifo. Izinambuzane zixhaphakileyo izinambuzane:

• iintwala - zilwanyana umzimba engaphandle ezincancisayo (kubandakanywa abantu), kunokubangela izifo ezifana yesifo;
• intakumba - ukufunxa igazi izidalwa ezinegazi elishushu, ebangela isibetho;
• iimpukane Various - feed umhlwa, kwaye ezibolayo iintsalela eziphilayo, kubangela izifo abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezifana isibetho, segazi, icesina, anthrax, isifo sephepha, abaneentshulube olwaye lwamfimfitha;
• bugs umandlalo - ilume ngesikhumba, wadliswa igazi, kubangela izifo ezosulelayo, umzimba;
• iingcongconi nemalariya - wemikhosi eliphakathi athwale Plasmodium ebangela uphuhliso seengcongconi;
• ihashe libetha kunye izibawu - nisele igazi lezilwanyana, wokosulela nabo zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo esosulelayo.

Ezi zilwanyana - imizekelo eziphilayo, apho ungakwazi ngokulula ikheswa wena kunye nosapho lwakho, xa uthe wakugcina ucoceko, ucoceko kunye ugcine izilwanyana ukuze.

iphethe

Kuyingozi kakhulu phakathi izinambuzane yi Phawula-ebemzele kobuchopho. Enyanisweni, njengoko ibizwa ngokuba esi sifo, uphuhliso apho afune. Enyanisweni, lo sinambuzane ubizwa ngokuba "hlathi" yaye "inja tick". Isilwanyana elincinane kakhulu, ukuya mm 4 ubude. Nangona kunjalo, umthamo wayo kuyingozi kakhulu. Kunye ngamathe egazini labantu ufumana virus kobuchopho. Uphuhliso ngakumbi esi sifo iya kuxhomekeka amajoni omzimba yexhoba. Ukuba womelele ngokwaneleyo, isifo akayi kukhule. Ukuba akunjalo, kungaba nemiphumela kuba nzima kunene. Iziphumo uqhelekileyo isifo encephalitic:

• umkhuhlane;
• ukunxila;
• ukonakala kwengqondo;
• meningitis;
• isifo lwezempilo;
• abagula ngengqondo;
• ukufa.

Kucacile ukuba kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye emibi abantu izinambuzane ezinjalo. Photo tick kuyabonakala ngezantsi.

izityalo olwaye lwamfimfitha

Zonke izityalo yi indlela amandla autotrophs. Ngoko omnye ucinga. Noko ke, kubonakala ukuba abanye babo kondliwa heterotrophically, ukuba mhlawumbi gazi okanye eziyingozi. Ezi ntlobo zixhaphakileyo lokuphila nangeendleko zomnini kunye enza umonakalo noqhekeko, zezi:

• broomrape;
• dodder;
• rackwheel;
• okuhombisa;
• Urhashaza elikhulu;
• abameli rafflesiaceae.

Kuse- kwiintlobo zezityalo yenkcubeko, amakhalane, olubonakala ngasentla, ebangela isifo kakhulu, ezidla ngokubangela ekufeni kunye nokunciphisa ngokubalulekileyo izivuno kunye nezityalo. Le ukulwa izinto ezinjalo ukuba wayengumntu okhutheleyo.

Ezinye iintlobo Akukho bahlala phezu izityalo ezinjalo, yaye nayiphi na eminye - imithi, amatyholo, imifuno kunye nokunye. Kwaye nje ukuba babe iintlobo zezifo, uthabathe izondlo namanzi, evinjwa ebomini.

okuhombisa

zilwanyana koohola imithi - okuhombisa. Uhlobo luqhelekileyo - okuhombisa epeyintwe. Likhangeleka kakhulu iluhlaza yaye ezintle, kodwa umnini waloo yadika incindi, luthuthu kakhulu neyomileyo. Iingcambu zayo okuhombisa eman 'kwi isithsaba umthi kunye wenjenje ukufikelela kuzo zonke khompawundi izimbiwa kunye namanzi.

Ngaphandle okuhombisa na into emilise hla ngokumangalisayo ityholo kweentyatyambo zilahlwa kwi amasebe okanye isithsaba host. Zeziphi imithi ezininzi eziqhele azichaphazeleki koku sisidleleli?

1. iziqhamo.
2. Birch.
3. Yebhalsam.
4. Maples.
5. Pine.
6. Willow.
7. Inkumbi.

Kwakhona Abantu abaqhelekileyo unalo igama "intaka glue" yaye "amaqunube oki."

ezidala Animal

Phakathi izilwanyana, indlela ekumfimfitheni ebomini uninzi iintshulube: ngeenxa zonke, tyaba, kunye nabanye. Kuchaphazela imiphunga, intliziyo, amalungu zokugaya, igazi kunye nenkqubo emithanjeni, isibindi. Impethu avumelane ebomini phakathi umzimba ukuze kungabikho umonakalo ukuhlawula kuye inkosi. Le parasite has:

• shell ezikhethekileyo esikhusela ukwetyisa ngu juice esiswini;
• neefolokhwe, ndisawula okanye esinye isakhiwo ngokubamba nentshukumo;
• inkqubo lula izitho;
• ukukwazi ukwanda kunye Ukuhlehliswa amawaka amaqanda ngexesha.

Iimpethu kakhulu eqhelekileyo ukuba umntu Luhlala, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: tapeworm, tapeworm inkomo kunye pygmy, Ascaris, Trichinella, Dirofilaria, loiasis, schistosomes, whipworm, kunye nabanye.

Amaxesha amaninzi evela ziintshulube olwaye lwamfimfitha, nto ichaphazela abantwana, ekubeni imidlalo yesitalato indiva ucoceko. Kubalulekile ke imithombo uthandwayo yongcoliseko - inyama, intlanzi kunye nezinye iimveliso protein, okuye unyango ubushushu eyoneleyo.