Indlela Cytogenetic ukuba isifundo kwimfuza

Cytogenetics i isebe eyahlukileyo imfundiso yofuzo, ejongisisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, okokuqala zonke eendaba waphawula (ukuchaza) equlethe ulwazi malunga yofuzo. iziphathi enjalo iintlobo chromosome ezahlukeneyo (polytene, mitotic kunye meiotic) plastids, nuclei interphase, kwaye ubukhulu engaphantsi - mitochondria.

Ngako oko, indlela cytogenetic yiseti iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwephesha study zofuzo becala ngexesha ezimisa parameter lwabo oluninzi yenziwa nkcazelo kwemichiza-eziphilayo, siya aphande isakhiwo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ngexesha hlula cell. Injongo Scientific yesi sifundo ukuze ukuseka ubudlelwane phakathi nohlobo Dynamics utshintsho kubume chromosome kunye ipateni, ebonisa Ukwahluka iimpawu.

Enye yeyona miba ibalulekileyo uphando lubonisa indlela cytogenetic kukuhlalutya karyotype yabantu. Uphononongo jikelele olwenziwe iinkcubeko apho iyantlukwano kwenzeka kunye nesini iiseli somatic.

Inkcubeko oluqhelekilyo olu hlobo uphando - iiseli igazi peripheral ezifana lymphocyte, fibroblasts kunye neeseli lomongo wethambo. Uninzi inkcubeko efikelelekayo, esetyenziswa cytogenetics zonyango lymphocyte igazi. Isizathu soku kukuba, njengoko umthetho ngayo isifundo analysis kwi, ixesha kokubeleka. Xa kuhlalutywa karyotype indlela ezingekazalwa cytogenetic lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa neenkcubeko iseli, ukhetho apho kungenxa yezinto ezininzi. EliyiNtloko phakathi kwezo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Umzekelo, kunye kwiiveki ngaphantsi kwe-12, uhlalutyo cytogenetic zofuzo kungcono wenziwe inxaxheba iiseli chorionic, yaye xa ekhulelwe kwiiveki 12, uyacebiswa ukuba sigqale ukufunda iiseli Palsy. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ukuba ahluka abasuka ngumkhaya kunye negazi ezingekazalwa.

Ukuze ubone karyotype cytogenetic indlela ukufunda ilifa kufuna ekufumaneni isampulu yegazi xa imali esingekho ngaphantsi kwe 2.1 ml. Kulo mzekelo, indlela ngokwalo kuquka nokwenza uphando, eliquka nezigaba ezithathu eziphambili:

- wedwa kunye culturing iiseli apho zohlalutyo ziya kwenziwa;

- powder iziyobisi;

- uhlalutyo ngokucokisekileyo ichiza phantsi ngemicroscope.

Olusebenzayo indlela cytogenetic of yemfuza kunokuba kuphela xa miqathango ilandelayo iyafezekiswa. Okokuqala, kufuneka kubekho inani elithile leeseli sigaba metaphase. Okwesibini, ukulima kufuneka wenziwe ngqo ngokungqinelana nemigaqo emiselwe kwaye isithuba esingekho ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-72. Okwesithathu, i nitrogen iiseli kufuneka Zenziwe nesisombululo acetic acid kunye methanol kwindawo umlinganiselo ezi zinto nje 3: 1.

Xa nqanaba ukulungiselela ukupeyinta ukufunda cytogenetic yokukhethwa mbala wenziwa uthatha kanye injongo yesi sifundo ingqalelo, oko kukuthi, yintoni uhlobo yemfuza kufuneka kuvelelwe nezinye iinkalo ezizakuxhasa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, usebenzisa indlela bokudaya eqhubekayo, ekubeni elula ukumisela parameter oluninzi zofuzo. Uphando lwakutshanje kuye ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo indlela bala ukujonga izinto ezingaqhelekanga karyotype in ukuqelaniso zabo. Kodwa ubuchule cytogenetic enjalo yenza kube lula ukucacisa ukuba kuchongwe nemiba noshowo zofuzo. Ngoko ke, sebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezizodwa ezikuvumela ukuba Nokwethisa engxakini bokudaya rhoqo. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwezi, ezifana indlela bala mahluko, i G-ndlela, R-indlela kunye nezinye.

Ke ekugqibeleni, kwisigaba sesithathu phando isifundo ezincane zofuzo efafazwe akolu metaphase eqongeni. Ngexesha inombolo yakhe iseti zikarhulumente eziqhelekileyo kunye okungaqhelekanga kumzimba kwizisele zawo yabantu Palsy. Ukulungiselela le njongo, njengoko umthetho, uhlalutyo izicwili ezininzi.