Wokumbiwa inzima endalweni

Yena ozelwe ezinzulwini inkwenkwezi enkulukazi ebomvu, yinxalenye nezikhongozelo kubalulekile, acid kunye carbohydrate, bangaba izigidi iikhompawundi kunye izakhi ezahlukeneyo iikhemikhali kunye ngokuxhomekeke isakhiwo iipropati eyahlukileyo mechanical. engundoqo ipensile Soft kwaye aphuke nedayimani ke izimbiwa inzima iqulunqwe izinto zokwakha ezifanayo - carbon. Yintoni eyenza ezahlukeneyo ukuze nekalikedo? Apho isetyenziselwe? Yintoni ixabiso layo?

ukungafi umqhubi ubushushu

Liguqulwe lithatyathwa ulwimi kwisiGrike, igama elithi "diamond" lithetha "ayoyiswa". Nokuba phambi Mandulo abantu ebesazi ukuba ihlala engakholelekiyo welitye. Mandulo, iidayimani zilangazelelwa wayerhweba India naseYiputa. Kwaye phezu zizithuba Europe, le izimbiwa waba emva amaphulo ngxwaba Alexander Omkhulu. Wasibuyisa amatye njengoko zakudala zobugqi. AmaGrike amandulo wabiza oku iinyembezi enzima izimbiwa oothixo leyo yawa phantsi.

Kodwa ke imfihlelo ilitye invincibility ubuxoki, Kakade ke, kungekhona nobugqi okanye ngokunxulumene ehlabathini ngokomoya. Isakhiwo ecacileyo isiqalelo efestileni ngokohlobo tetrahedrons, kunye isibopho phakathi atom yekharboni inika amandla aphezulu. Ngenxa okufanayo ulwakhiwo nedayimani yamnandi ubushushu umqhubi. Umzekelo, ukuba bekunokwenzeka ukuba itispuni iqhekeza yonke diamond, ubuya kuba nako ushukumisa iswekile iti yakhe kushushu, ngenxa yokuba wayeza wamtshisa ngaxeshanye, kamsinya nje amacephe ebeya yachukumisa amanzi abilayo.

Ukuthelekiswa benhliziyo iiminerali

Indlela ukuba yeyiphi izimbiwa - enzima? Lo mbuzo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ukuba baqonde kunye mineralogist abanetalente German uKarl Fridrih moos. Ngowe-1811, enye ingcali yenzululwazi wacebisa usebenzisa ukufumanisa yobulukhuni kwezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo isikali lokuthelekisa. It iqulathe izinto ezilishumi, nganye lihambisana ngezimbiwa ethile. Eyokuqala (talc) - le ezinqamlezeneyo, nevuthisayo, ngokulandelelana - enzima. Ukuqinisekiswa wenziwa ngokomfuniselo. Ukuba isampuli (umzekelo, isilivere) ekuqaleni fluorite, ophezu kwisikali ebekwe kumgca wesine, kodwa hayi ezonakeleyo udaka (inani standard isikali ezimbini), oko kuthetha ukuba isilivere ngamnye ubulukhuni kwi Mohs isikali 3.

Wokumbiwa inzima - nekalikedo. Singene kwindawo yeshumi. Nangona itheyibhile Mohs wakhutshwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, nakangangokuba unakho ngokubanzi nangoku. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba eli theyibhile akukho yomgama. Oku kuthetha ukuba diamond, umhlaba ophantsi inani ezilishumi, kuya kubakho nzima ngqo amaxesha amabini ngaphezu apatite, eyona yesihlanu kwitheyibhile. Ukuze ubone ixabiso elililo kwezinye iindlela isicelo yobulukhuni.

Ukususela ookumkani kubasebenzi

Kangangexesha elide, idayimani aba lokusibekela weengcibi izacholo. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nophuhliso kolu shishino lo izimbiwa inzima ngakumbi sezibonakala kuphela ukusuka yesiqhelo kwicala kubuhle, kodwa ukususela kwinqanaba umbono beepropati yaso eyodwa emzimbeni. Okokuqala, imveliso izixhobo ezisetyenziswa iidayimani zendalo ezithi elingayi kunqunyulwa. Yeyona matye embi kangangokuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba kupheliswe othengisa. Baye baziwa iidayimane mveliso.

Njengokuba ixesha lihamba, kunye nemfuneko izixhobo kunye ukusika lwedayimani kunye nokuphela kwegqabi ekruqulayo anda. Umzekelo, kwishishini lokwakha athandwa kakhulu uqheliso idayimani. inzuzo yabo kunezixhobo, eyenziwe aluminium zesinyithi nzima, - ukuba, xa drill diamond kwi eziphathekayo ezizo microcracks. lula kwaye isha Diamond usika naziphi na izinto, ezifana ilitye, ikhonkrithi okanye umgubo wentsimbi. Kunye nokungabikho microcracks - isitshixo bokuphila ngesakhiwo. Ukongeza, inkqubo msebenzi usetyenzwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kulula kakhulu kwaye ukuzola okukhulu.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ayimangalisi into yokuba, ngokutsho data-2016, eRashiya kwenziwa kuphela iintlobo 1,200 izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo, inxalenye engundoqo ukusebenza yazo nekalikedo.

Ngawo amayeza

Wokumbiwa inzima kwindalo ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwi unyango imithi baberhabaxa kwaye kunzima nje kuphela. Diamond kwakhona sele izixhobo zonyango. Ngapha koko, le cut izicwili ukubhitya kwaye zicocekile, kokukhona umzimba alwa kunye nokubuyiselwa. Kodwa imisebenzi ezintsonkothileyo zomzimba ezibalulekile ububanzi kunqunyulwa yaye kubaluleke ngakumbi.

Ngaphezu koko, a kuphungula kunye umboniso ledayimani obhityileyo intsimbi kuhlala elibukhali ixesha elide.

Ngamathuba Electronics

Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuqhubeka uhambisa nokusebenza nekalikedo ezihlangeneyo kwiisekethe. Kwezi edayimani asetyenziswa zeendawana. Izixhobo eveliswe yi le ndlela na ukumelana notshintsho lobushushu kanye spikes ombane enkulu. Nkqu iidayimani ingasetyenziselwa ukudluliselwa idatha ku ngocingo. Iimpawu zezi ziikristale basenokugqithisela iimpawu ezitsho ezahlukeneyo kwangaxeshanye intambo efanayo.

Wokumbiwa inzima on Earth usiza ukuhlolwa

Njengoko imfuno diamond kwishishini kwemichiza le. indawo ndlongondlongo, nto leyo ngokulula konakalisa iglasi, oko kuthathwa Musani ukuboyika nekalikedo. Zesayensi zisebenzisa ziikristale ze-eksperimenti physics quantum kunye nokuhlola emajukujukwini.

Xa ukwenza iimfuno ngeeteleskopu ezamehlo ukuba ukuchaneka nokuthembeka izinto iba kakhulu. Apha kungena kunye neeminerali inzima wemvelo uye iparameters ngokomzimba imichiza.

synthesizing diamonds

Kunye nebango olunzulu olunjalo izimbiwa kuwe okunzima kwakukho umbuzo malunga synthesizing yakhe ngumntu. Qaphela ukuba akukho amatye oovimba abakwazi ukuhlangabezana zonke Imfuno ekhulayo. Emva amalinge elide, izazinzulu bakwazi ukwenza analogu edayimani yendalo eye zonke iimpawu eziyimfuneko. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imveliso eyenziweyo lwedayimani for industrial ngeenjongo liye eqhelekileyo yokusebenza.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi synthesizing le bezimbiwa. Lokuqala - yeyona uqikelelo ekwakhiweni kwayo nendalo. Yolungelelwaniso yakho usebenzisa lobushushu ultra-high kunye koxinzelelo olukhulu. Okwesibini indlela ikuvumela ukuba Isicatshulwa nedayimani esuka kunyuka. Kusetyenziswa iteknoloji umboniso - crystal obhityileyo ifilim isicelo phezu kwencochoyi yesixhobo ahlabayo imiphetho. Ingakumbi ngale ndlela ibango ekwenziweni of zomculo. A wesithathu uvelisa uchithachithayo ziikristale ocoliweyo usebenzisa detonation kunye kobubi ngokukhawuleza.

Imifuniselo kwaqhutyekwa kwaye kuhlelwe boron ephuculweyo, nto leyo 20% nzima ngaphezu diamond yendalo. Noko ke, de lo mba mncane ukuba diamond uye ngokwemveli kuqhubeka ukuqwalasela wokumbiwa inzima.