Idatha kunye iinyani malunga emoyeni. Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba

Umoya - into ivumela eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ulwazi yokuqala kunye iinyaniso malunga umoya sibuyela esikolweni aphantsi. Kwisikolo aphakamileyo, siye baqhelane nale ingqiqo kwizifundo zeJografi.

Ingcamango ojikeleze umhlaba

Umoya akukho mhlaba wodwa, kodwa ezinye imizimba yasezulwini. Ngoko wabiza Imvulophu igesi ejikeleze umhlaba. Ukwakhiwa kwale maleko gas yohlukile iiplanethi ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Makhe sijonge ulwazi olusisiseko kunye iinkcukacha koMhlaba, nelaziwa ngokuba umoya.

Eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo amacandelo bayo oksijini. Abanye abantu ngempazamo acinge ukuba koMhlaba libunjwa ngokupheleleyo ioksijini, kodwa ke eneneni emoyeni - umxube wegesi. It iqulathe 78% nitrogen ne-21% oksijini. Abanye ekhulwini lubandakanya i-ozone, argon, icarbon dioxide, umphunga wamanzi. Vumela ipesenti kwezi gesi lincinane, kodwa bona bakhonza inomsebenzi obalulekileyo - ukufunxa inxalenye ebalulekileyo amandla imisebe yelanga yaye ngenxa yoko musani ukuba isikhanyiso ukuguqula zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni kwethu uthuthu. Iipropati aye aguqula ngayo kuxhomekeka kwindawo ephakamileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ephakeme km 65 yi-86% nitrogen neoksijini - 19%.

Ukubunjwa koMhlaba

• Icarbon dioxide ezifunekayo kwesityalo. Xa umoya, kubonakala ngenxa nokuphefumla izinto eziphilayo, anokungenwa, uvutha. ukungabikho kwalo kuhlanganiselo emoyeni kwakuya kwenza kube nzima ukuba ngobukho naziphi izityalo.
• Ioksijini - kubalulekile ukuba icandelo yabantu emoyeni. Ubukho balo efunekayo ngpahmbi ngobukho zonke izinto eziphilayo. Kumalunga-20% yabo ngumthamo opheleleyo weegesi esesibhakabhakeni.
• Ozone - a absorber ngokwendalo imitha yelanga elanga, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi eziphilayo. Uninzi it yakha umaleko elahlukileyo emoyeni - ozone screen. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umsebenzi yabantu kukhokelela ekubeni i- ozone oluqalayo ukuba ndiludilize, kodwa ekubeni kubaluleke kakhulu, umsebenzi osebenzayo ngokolondolozo kunye nokubuyiselwa.
• umphunga wamanzi ichaza ukufuma. umxholo wayo usenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke imiba eyahlukeneyo: iqondo lobushushu lomoya, indawo, ixesha. Kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi umphunga wamanzi emoyeni, mncinane kakhulu kunokuba ekhulwini ngaphantsi kwe omnye, lo gama inani eliphezulu yayo yi-4%.
• Ukongeza koku kungasentla, kuhlanganiselo ojikeleze umhlaba lusoloko ipesenti ethile ukungcola eqinileyo kunye engamanzi. Le ke uthuthu, uthuthu, ityuwa ulwandle, uthuli, amathontsi amanzi, iintsholongwane. Kuwa emoyeni, bona kokubili kusetyenziswa amachiza endalo kunye ezenziwe ngumntu.

Esicwangciswe emoyeni

Kunye nemozulu kunye lexinene kunye nomgangatho zezulu kwi eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo kolwabelo olungalinganiyo. Ngenxa yoku, oko wagqiba ekubeni kubabela elo zikhabane ezahlukeneyo emoyeni. Ngamnye kubo uneempawu zawo. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni iimaleko emoyeni ahluka:

• EziFihliweyo - umaleko esesibhakabhakeni ehleli phezu komhlaba. ukuphakama kwayo - 8-10 km ngasentla nezibonda kunye 16-18 km - kule ndawo. Kukho 90% yabo bebonke umphunga wamanzi obukhoyo emoyeni, ngoko kukho ukusekwa efini esebenzayo. Kwakhona kule nwebu kukho iinkqubo ezifana ukuhanjiswa emoyeni (umoya), sophazamiseko, පිළිතුරු iimpendulo. Obushushu asusela degrees 45 emva kwemini kwixesha efudumeleyo ekweleenjiko ukuba degrees -65 kwi pole.
• Stratosphere - le kwizikolo ezikude yesibini ukusuka umaleko olingana umoya. Ifunyanwa kwintaba ephakame km-11 ukuya ku-50. Xa umaleko esezantsi lobushushu stratosphere ka malunga -55, kwicala kude emhlabeni liphuma ku 1s +. Le ndawo kuthiwa inversion kwaye umda stratosphere kunye mesosphere.
• Le mesosphere ibekwe kwintaba ephakame km-50 ukuya kwi-90. Lobushushu umda wayo ephantsi - malunga 0, kwimimandla eliphezulu -80 ...- 90 C.? Ayevela engena umoya ojikeleze umhlaba, combusted ngokupheleleyo Mesospheric, ngenxa yokuba lo moya ukukhutshwa kwenzeka apha.
• Thermosphere has a Ebubanzini nama-700 km. Kulo maleko, emoyeni ndinawo ezimibalabala aurora. Babonakala ngenxa umoya ionization imisebe cosmic kunye imitha yelanga eziphuma.
• Exospheres - air kwindawo ukuchithachitheka. Apha, xi igesi sincinci ukurhoxiswa kwazo kancinane livela kwisithuba omncane.

Umda phakathi emoyeni nesithuba babeziindleko Umhlaba babezicingela kumgca we-100 km. Olu phawu kuthiwa umgca Karman.

womoya

Ukuphulaphula zesimo sezulu, Sihlala sisiva yokufundwa womoya. Kodwa ntoni yengcinezelo emoyeni, nendlela oko kuchaphazela thina?

Saqonda ukuba igesi ibandakanya emoyeni ukungcola. Ngalinye kula macandelo kufuneka ubunzima bayo, yaye ngoko ke umoya ayikho ikhaphukhaphu, bakholwa de ngenkulungwane XVII. womoya - amandla ngayo yonke ungqameko yeegesi phantsi koxinzelelo zomphezulu koMhlaba kunye zonke izifundo.

Izazinzulu ziqhube ubalo oluntsokothileyo kwaye zangqina ukuba isikwere esinye ngokweemitha emoyeni ayicinezele kunye amandla 10.333 kg. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba womntu ubethwa uxinzelelo lomoya, ubunzima na iitoni 12-15. Kutheni na siziva nto? Ezigcinayo ukuba uxinzelelo yayo yangaphakathi leyo ilinganisa yangaphandle. Omnye nga va xi umoya kwi-moya okanye ezintabeni, ekubeni womoya kwi indawo asezantsi kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, ukungakhululeki kunokwenzeka emzimbeni, ebeka iindlebe, ukuba nesiyezi.

ngenkcazelo ebangel 'umdla inyaniso

Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba, singatsho izinto ezininzi. Siyazi ngale nto ezininzi izibakala umdla yaye ezinye iingxaki zisenokubonakala Akumangalisi:

• umoya ezisentlabathini uyalinganisa 5 300 000 000 000 000.
• Kube lula ukudluliselwa yesandi. Lisendaweni ngaphezu kwe-100 km yale propati ilahlekileyo ngenxa yotshintsho kumafa komoya.
• Movement yeegesi okubangelwa zokufudumeza ngokungalinganiyo kumphezulu womhlaba.
• Ukuze ubone iqondo lobushushu emoyeni usebenzisa ubushushu, kwaye ukwazi amandla womoya - Barometer.
• Ubukho emoyeni konga umhlaba wethu iitoni ezili-100 awe esibhakabhakeni yonke imihla.
• ukwakheka Air Kwathiwa fixed ezimbalwa amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka, kodwa waqala ukutshintsha kunye ekuqaleni imisebenzi yemveliso lesiphithiphithi.
• Ekukholelwa ukuba umoya unabela ezinobude ka-3000 km.

Intsingiselo umoya ukuze abantu

zone emoyeni period yi-5 km. Lisendaweni 5000 m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, umntu uqala ukubonisa yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini, kukhokelela kukuba kubekho ukuncipha ngendlela elungileyo yokusebenza kunye ngokonakala zempilo. Oku kubonisa ukuba umntu akakwazi uphila isithuba, apho kukho lo mxube imangalisayo wegesi.

Lonke ulwazi kunye iinyaniso malunga umoya kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwayo abantu. Ngenxa phambi kwayo ithuba lobomi on Earth. Sele namhlanje, nokuhlola ubungakanani komonakalo ukuba uluntu ikwazi iintshukumo izicelo umoya enika ubomi, kufuneka ucinge amanyathelo ukulondoloza nokubuyisela emoyeni.