Architecture nobugcisa iimpawu ze Amiens Cathedral

Amiens Cathedral ngomnye ezibaluleke kakhulu eYurophu eziintlobo izakhiwo zwe. Yiyo le itempile kwisixeko Amiens (France), kwindawo esekuhleni kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Valley of France Coloured".

city Amiens

Esi sixeko emantla, phantse ngendlela nesiqingatha phakathi Belgium kunye Paris, phezu iSomme, 55 yeekhilomitha ukusuka IsiNgesi Channel (-mpuma). Amiens - yinto uyangeneka, eliphangaleleyo kunye eqaqambileyo isixeko, eyamisa iigadi eluhlaza kunye nomzila Sommskogo amanzi, nto leyo yokuhlala ezininzi usika kuyo. Yakhiwa emva kokuba isicelo ngexesha kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kwaba nomonakalo phantse ukusuka ekuqaleni kwaye ngoku iziko enkulu ekuveliseni izihlangu kunye namalaphu, obunjineli boomatshini kunye yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, ishishini ukutya. Kuba ukuphumla uhamba elide Boulevard iindawo Linden. Zhyul Vern esazi wagqiba ukwenza le ngxenye-mveliso, apho waya phantse yonke imihla ukuba bazobe kude amazwe lengqondo.

Channels emhlabeni Amiens Cathedral

Le Cathedral ke yecawa yelo ngoobhishophu yamaKatolika. Le ndawo wonke ngeenxa zonke igutyungelwe ngemizila. Benza inethiwekhi yonke. 55 km - ubude bayo. Le mijelo enimbiwe kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo ngamaRoma. Cathedral ukususela 1981 iphantsi ukhuselo UNESCO, ekubeni i World Heritage Site. Isixeko French of Amiens, ukongeza, eyaziwa kunye nezinye zesikhumbuzo yonqulo, leyo baninzi apha.

Imbali lwesakhiwo

Thina abanomdla le ndlu yecawa imbeko ka Mary. Kwakhona eyaziwa ngokuba Cathedral ka Lady Lwethu Amiens. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi elanele zomthonyama. Yeyona yecawa inkulu eYurophu. Kwakhona enye eecawa ezinkulu ehlabathini zwe.

Amiens Cathedral sakhiwa kwisiza kwesakhiwo omdala, nto leyo 1218 batshiswa umphezulu. Ngokutsho umbhalo izidumbu "mibono", ngowama-1825, ekwakhiweni kwayo kuqalile kwi isiphelo ngasentshonalanga ngo 1220. Ngowe-1236 th arhabaxa neenafu zagqitywa. Hor - ukuba 1247th, kodwa ubunzima umlilo kungekudala emva kokugqitywa. Ifom yokugqibela wathabatha ngo 1269. Emva kwenkulungwane ye-13, olungaphambili wasentshona waziswa rose. Noko ke, ngenkulungwane ye-15 kuyo zalungiswa. Ngelo xesha linye inxalenye ephezulu kuyo sele zigqityiwe.

Ngokutsho Imibhalo iinkosi amathathu "mibono" abakhi: Tom de Cormon kunye nonyana wakhe, Rene De Cormon, kwaye uRobert of luzarches. Basebenza kwisithuba ukususela 1220 nge-1228, oko kukuthi, ngexesha elifanayo xa ezinye iinkosi zakhiwe saseReims Cathedral. Enezixhaso lo wenze lokuqala inyusiwe ngenkulungwane ye-13 emva kwexesha, kwaye ekhefu phakathi kwabo baba enzelwe.

Cathedral Architecture

Chartres Cathedral wakhonza njengomzekelo ukwakhiwa Amiens. Le kwindlu yonqulo ezintathu-enkulu kunye inxalenye eziphuhlileyo wekwayala kunye transept ububanzi. Choir of the Cathedral ejikelezwe yi isithsaba enzelwe. Inani awo ezisixhenxe. I-avareji la ngexesha elifanayo ayegqatse ngamandla phambili. neenafu ezintathu le transept. Njengoko e Chartres, iziko sredokrestiya ingqamana phakathi kwesakhiwo isakhiwo efana Amiens Cathedral. icebo lakhe, nangona kunjalo, yahlukile Chartres.

Cathedral of Amiens yeyona inkulu kuzo zonke ezo eFransi. Ubude bayo (e) yi m 118 (medium ngaphandle elibukhali Chapel), kwaye zendlu ukuphakama avareji ifikelela iimitha 42,3. Ububanzi neenafu (ngaphandle yingcwele icala) - 33 eemitha, transept - mitha 59, kunye nezahlulo eziculwayo - 48 eemitha.

Le Cathedral lulwahlulo efanayo phakathi kobubanzi embindini kunye kwicala evenkileni engundoqo "inqanawa", njengoko ku saseReims. Oku malunga 9:14. Kodwa saseReims Cathedral square ezi kwezitulo ingca, yaye Amiens ukuba ziyinxalenye yebala mazimile buxande (malunga 9h7 m). 14 meters ububanzi balo.

Embindini yecawa ka Amiens ngomnye. Yena kancinci ivula, ngokunzulu, kuwo onke amacala. Ukubunjwa zendlu ilula kakhulu: ukuphakama lilonke oko bisects ukuba lwesakhiwo le ezintlu yokuqala. arcade Longitudinal engoyiki ngokoyikiswa, ithatha umphantsi wesiqingatha. Xa ukuphakama kuyimitha 18 iye iingcambu enqabeni yawo, lo gama kuphela 9.5 m ubude Arcade isonto odumileyo izindawo.

Isakhiwo yakhiwa malunga 1366, yaye emantla - ngo-1401-m. izakhiwo zwe isonto, nkqu ngemilinganiselo namhlanje kuba nanto. Amiens Cathedral, kunye saseReims kunye Chartres zenza oyiNgcwele Trinity Church of France, eziye ebizwe ivoti le ezakudala lwe ngenkulungwane ye-13 kunye nesimbo ephakamileyo ngalinye.

Yokuyilwa ngobugcisa lwesakhiwo engathanda ukuba kuyafana nezinye icawa kumaxesha Gothic, kuquka Notre Dame e Paris. Ngoku ndwendwe kufuneka ithuba elilodwa sikhwele entshonalanga inqaba, ibekwe phezu kophahla lwesakhiwo kwaye ukusuka apho onwabele iimbono omangalisayo umzi eFransi.

amasango Amiens

Amasango Yomgwebo yokungena engundoqo eya yecawa ka Amiens igama lakhe. Iindonga wokwakha ezihonjiswe ekumane ezahlukahlukeneyo zonqulo, nto leyo ebonisa uvuko bagwetywe kwaye basindiswe uThixo uNyana ongumntu YeApocalypse kunye ukurhoxa ngomlomo wayo amakrele ezimbini et al. Isango ingabekwa entshona kobuhle kwicala lasekunene ezahlulela kuMariya. Ukuba nguye patroness le yecawa. Kwicala lasekhohlo amasango olungaphambili azinikele ubhishopu yokuqala Amiens, i Firmin oyiNgcwele.

abonisa ukukhanya

Ukususela nge-1 Disemba ukuya kwi-1 Januwari, kunye iKrismesi, Cathedral njengenxalenye abonisa ukukhanya kandziyisa izibane ezintle kunene. ngokuhlwa Environment gqibezela amathunzi zobugqi, umculo kunye nokudlala yokukhanya. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi nemizuzu engama-45 de edle, Nani linganisani intlekisa yinzwakazi. lights Le multi-bala kunye sibonakala elinombala isonto ka Amiens. Ngomhla umdlalo wokukhanya nasethunzini, impela a look. Ukongeza olungaphambili, elinye emva kwelinye iimbalasane eqingqiweyo, ibekwe kwi olungaphambili ntshona yecawa ka Amiens.

Izinto ezingcwele Ioanna Krestitelya ngaphakathi yecawa

Eli khadi ishishini kwisixeko Amiens entsonkothe ngayo. Xa ngaphakathi, ufumanisa ukuba kuphela uhombiso lwangaphandle ubuhle ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphakathi Cathedral ezi izinto ezingcwele Ioanna Krestitelya. Phakathi kweendonga wawagcina ngenyameko intloko yengcwele njengomthombo lokuphiliswa kunye njongo ephambili yokuba lundwendwe yobuninzi amakholwa. Ngawo la ezingcwele, njengako endala namagqala, Amiens Cathedral wahlala ayiphazanyiswa ngexesha eqhuma lwamaNazi. Esondela iindonga zayo, amaqokobhe zatshintsha indlela yaye asifumani elidlulileyo.

Xa iKrismesi lubhiyozelwa, amawaka abanquli ifukame neengqameko isonto. Abaninzi kubo beze apha ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba.

Imifanekiso, ngaphakathi

Andikwazi ukuyichaza ubuhle etempileni. Cathedral ezibhityileyo nenqaba lomculo zihlaba kwezulu, ezele isandi bolonwabo. Eyonakele soft rainbow olunombala ukukhanya yeglasi nebala luhamba mbongi luhlaza kwi sredokrestiem ibekwe esizikithini gumbi. Yobuninzi eqingqiweyo lwemixholo yebhayibhile kubonisa ubuhle wezintlu olungaphambili. inani lawo elipheleleyo imalunga 4500. Nangona kunjalo Amiens Cathedral eFransi, isicelo yomhombiso oqingqiweyo ayikho njengokuba zizityebi nje saseReims. Kwakhona elingezantsi yokugqibela ngokwalo esemgangathweni. Noko ke, Amiens Cathedral Intanethi kufuneka eqingqiweyo eliqela kakhulu, xa unyango jikelele kunye ibathwana leyo evinces ngokoqobo nokuzibonakalisa nasengqondweni.

Le ahlukahlukeneyo ezizodwa kunye ubuhle sculpture "Golden Madonna". Kuyinto isacholo wokwenene ugwebo. Xa imitha yelanga, lo ukukrola imitha bugcwele ngoxolo. Master kule indalo waphumelela eveza ubuhle, ngobumsulwa kunye msulwa ngokomoya. Madonna ibekwe phezu engumfuziselo bapostile baziincamisa. Onke amanani ukunika ethile yendalo. Bonke bathethe omnye nomnye (abapostile - amaqela bafundelane ngezibini Maria - Baby), ephila olusengqiqweni.

Inani kaKristu, ibekwe esizikithini portal eliphakathi, zizakubalulwa elula yawo alingana magingxigingxi. Xa abantu, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba "Xikwembu lexi hetisekeke ka Amiens."

inthanethi Ground zone buyifanele medallions amaninzi, ezo imikrolo kunye iinyanga zonyaka, iimpawu ezulu, njalo njalo.

History of style yesiGothic

uhlobo zwe kwavela kwinkulungwane yama-12 eFransi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yemisebenzi yakhe kweli lizwe kukho icawa saseReims, Amiens kunye Chartres. France wahlala inani elikhulu ezikhumbuzo akwi isimbo Gothic, ukususela icawa enkulu enzelwe. Ngenkulungwane ye-15, ixesha "Flamboyant Gothic", imizekelo nje embalwa zisekhona. Oku, umzekelo, Paris Tower Saint-Jacques kunye Rouen Cathedral (omnye nezinyuko zakhe).

Iimpawu ze-Gothic Cathedral of Amiens

Yiyantlukwano nesithuba zodwa izakhiwo Romanesque ukumanyanisa ezahlukeneyo izinto lwendawo kunye nenkululeko ukuchazwa, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Paris Cathedral, i-Gothic wenze indlela ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane. Noko ke, oko kwenziwe Amiens Cathedral, weza ekwakhiweni kwendawo, ezivunywa kuye. It wakhululwa kuzo zonke imilinganiso evela isithintelo lobuchule, lo gama kugcinwe nokucaca kwenkcazelo ziitectonic plates neyakhayo lwemigca, imiqulu kunye iindimbane zilurhangqile. Imvakalelo wenkululeko, nto leyo idala isithuba expressivity kwi Cathedral lweziqalelo ukuzala, ukukhanya ehlasela, enika imilo ukuthamba-ntathu - konke oku kwenza sisincoko ogqityiweyo izakhiwo ezifana Amiens Cathedral. iimpawu zobuhle le tempile ukuvumela ukuba makabize enye izakhiwo kunayo yonke ehlabathini.

Le Cathedral buthelekiswa ngamanye amaxesha kunye yamandulo Greek iParthenon. Umhombiso esisityebi kakhulu olungaphambili kwaye ngokwenene usibeka nangokomyinge indalo inkulu izakhiwo yehlabathi.