Wha: imbali kwendalo kunye nophuhliso. "AvtoVAZ"

IVolga Automobile Plant wadalwa kwi 60s kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Le mveliso ngelo xesha kuyimfuneko. Government ne ekwakhiweni kwayo wafuna ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabemi Soviet kwi iinqwelo zakho. Vaz wayeyalelwe wayecebe ukuba yemveliso kakhulu elikhulu-isikali kushishino lomatshini-ekwakheni i-USSR. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, inkampani edume wayesazi amahla ndinyuka. imoto yakhe umkhweli lisekho afumaneka kumanani amakhulu phezu ezindleleni kwilizwe lethu.

Kwakhona izikhokelo ezintsha Vaz. Imbali bakaRafa auto ubunzima kunye umdla yonke wemoto. Ngapha koko, amandla eli imveliso akalingani kuyo eSoviet Union.

ukudalwa production

Imbali kwi automaker iqala kwi yee-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Ngowe-1966, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwakhiwe imveliso noomatshini in Togliatti. "AvtoVAZ" idalwe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Equipment, abathatha inxaxheba imijikelo emsebenzini, ekuveliseni iifektri hayi kuphela USSR kunye namazwe lula kuyo, kodwa kwiinkampani eYurophu nase-United States.

Ngo-Agasti 1966, iinkokheli lizwe liye laqukumbela isivumelwano kunye "Kwiat" Italian. Eli qela wanceda ekwakheni kwisixeko Togliatti imveliso kaHomer. BaseItali akalithabathanga kuphela inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokwakha, kodwa bafundisa ubuchule ukubulawa abasebenzi kumjikelo lobuchwepheshe.

Kweli nqanaba, encinane na imeko yaziwa kazusnaya. Kwi logo, zengcinga amagcisa yiSoviet, yaba yimpazamo. Kunye ukukhululwa abavela wakhe "Tolyatti" ilizwi endaweni ncwadi "Mna" wabhala ileta «R». Umtshato ngokukhawuleza basuswe.

anika umdla

Imbali i Wha wayeza kuba njengezingaphelelanga ukuba oko kwakusithiwa inani leefekthi umdla. Ngethuba lothetha-thethwano kunye nabameli Italian Communist Party yenkokheli yiSoviet, ukuba iphuhlise isicwangciso ukwakha ishishini enkulu umatshini-zokwakha kwisixeko aseStavropol. Ngowe-1964 kwathiwa igama e Togliatti.

Esi sigqibo elingathathwanga ku olova. Igama lomzi lwakwakhiwa mveliso, lanikwa imbeko UNobhala Jikelele we Communist Party of Italy, Palmiro Togliatti. Akavumela ukufa ngesiquphe ngethuba bekutyelelo igqiza lakhe "Artek" Young Pioneer Camp. Ngeli xesha, iinkokeli eSoviet sithetha ngayo kunye namaqabane ayo, iinkcukacha joint venture.

Ukuze imbeko kwisikhumbuzo kaNobhala Jikelele imbeko lakhe igama isixeko apho mveliso yokuqala "AvtoVAZ" wamiswa.

Isiqalo

Ukususela ngo-1970, umsebenzi uqala i Vaz odumileyo. IVolga Automobile Plant yakhiwa ngesantya olukhawulezisiweyo, ngoko nebhetshi yokuqala "eesenti" wazalwa kungekudala kakhulu. Le modeli edume Vaz-2101. It senziwa isixa lamaqhosha 6. Le moto wanikwa igama "Lada". Kulo nyaka wokuqala inkampani yasekwa 100 lamawaka. Oomatshini ezazinikwayo phakathi abasebenzi amashishini Soviet njengoko unomvuzo umsebenzi kukothuka.

Imfuno ngokuba "Zhiguli" yaye kuphela amandla emveliso Vaz. Imbali Isixelela malunga nophuhliso ukuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle kwemveliso malunga giant auto. Kuphela zohanjiso phesheya ngokuba "Zhiguli" yatshintshwa kwi Lada. igama Pervoi e French elizongomayo "gigolo," oko kukuthi umntu dancing imali.

Development of imifanekiso

Emva kokuqalisa zokulima Togliatti "AvtoVAZ" izikhokelo ezitsha. Emakethe zomhlaba yafikelela Vaz-2102 kunye Vaz-2103. Le ukuguqulwa wayesele othandwayo zonke "nesenti".

Ukususela ngowe-1966 ukuya 1991, umthamo mdlalo yagxila mveliso 5 eziphambili. UMlawuli Jikelele yokuqala "AvtoVAZ" Polyakov VN (umfanekiso eboniswe ngezantsi) kwaye bonke abasebenzi zesityalo bebeziqhelanisa imodeli yokuqala imoto phantsi kwemiqathango kwiindlela zesizwe.

"Kopeika" wadalwa kwi sedan kwase Kwiat 124. Kuphela abayili bayo baye banda ukucoca emhlabeni 175 mm kwaye luqiniswe ukunqunyanyiswa kunye neziqhoboshi. "BamaZwe" kwakujongwa kwi elifanayo ngexesha "kubunewunewu" indlela. Yohluka ukusuka 'penny "design. "Three" balihlutha izibane 4, oluphuculiweyo Ngenxa kwideshbhodi, ngokunjalo izinto Konqueror.

I "wayengekho" imodeli

Kwiminyaka elandelayo oko yaphuhliswa embalwa imifuziselo "Classic" Vaz. Imbali sibonisa ukuba ezona athengisa izithuthi. Ezi ziquka Vaz-2104, 2105, 2106, 2107. Kodwa ke ithandwa kakhulu kwi "Six". Kule 30 iminyaka imveliso serial (ukususela 1976) wokuthengiswa ngaphezu kwezigidi 4.3 iimoto kule brand.

I 'abacula "kunye" emiHlanu "zaziwa ngokuba ongumzekelo yeklasi economy. "Zisixhenxe" yinguqulelo eziphuculweyo Vaz-2105. Abayili baye njengefashoni ngexesha imilo olubuxande kwicala lwe zemoto. Salon model ngalinye ezilandelayo babonakala bububumbi kwaye isebenzisa.

Ukuphuculwa kuthe kwenziwa kummandla we-injini. Yonke imifanekiso 'yakudala "wathengisa kakuhle. Kwaye ngoku uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana abameli besi sizukulwana yeemoto ezindleleni zethu.

maxesha alandelayo

Ukulandela "AvtoVAZ" imifuziselo zaphuhliswa kwi 80s zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Ummeli yokuqala besi sizukulwana yeemoto waba "-zandla ekutayipheni". Xa abantu, ngoko nangoko yaba yaziwa ngokuba "ezisibhozo". Isalathisi lo matshini yaba nani efanelekileyo. Vaz-2108 wanikwa inkululeko nesiphelo somphambili nesinqumka-ezimile. Kuba lo naye elika "basike".

Le umfuziselo akumgangatho ukudluliselwa kunye injini zaphuculwa. Onke amacandelo zangaphakathi "ezisibhozo" inkampani iye wadala kunye Porsche. Исаков В. И. поручил разработку дизайна отечественным художникам. Chief of "AvtoVAZ" Isakov V. I. wacela uphuhliso loyilo ngamachule endawo. Emva kwexesha elithile, imarike weza ezintlanu-umnyango "ezisibhozo" kunye uhlobo umzimba sedan kunye nezinye.

80 Isiphelo ephawulwe isivuno njengoko subcompact ukukhanya othi "Iliso". Kwase le moto yaba Daihatsu Cuore.

Ukuwa USSR

Le ntlekele iye wachukumisa phantse onke amashishini. Yayingenguye ngaphandle kunye Wha. Imbali yeli shishini wayesazi ntlekele elide. Isizathu ebeyindoda yokulwa yezizathu zangaphakathi nangaphandle.

Kwindawo yokuqala, "AvtoVAZ" wachaswa sexesha ezifana ukhuphiswano. Kuloo minyaka emarikeni lakhukuliswa zorhwebo yeemoto ezisetyenzisiweyo. iimoto umkhweli Domestic kwi imvelaphi yabo ayiyi ukugcina amanzi. Imfuno ebangwayo eziveliswa amashishini kanye nempumelelo lehla ngokuphawulekayo.

Kwiminyaka 90 "AvtoVAZ" iimoto yaveliswa imiqulu ezincinane kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, ukuba anamanxeba umsebenzi bafikelela-25%. Nangona mali karhulumente kunye nokwandisa imisebenzi namasiko ezimotweni amazwe, imfuno yawa kwezimvo.

Ingqesho ngexesha lentlekele

"AvtoVAZ 'ngamaxesha obunzima idala iindlela ezintsha. Kule 90 yokuqala ihlabathi liye wabona enye onobuhle ambalwa eli thuba, i-Vaz-2110. "Ten" yi oluphuculiweyo inguqulelo 'Group of Eight ". Le modeli sedan iye design engcono sangaphakathi kunye nesimbo umzimba yokuqala.

Kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, imveliso wayengazi iinguqu ezibalulekileyo. Kuphela ngo-2003, wangena imveliso series Chevrolet Niva (Vaz-2121). Lo ngowona mzekelo yasekhaya kuphela, nto leyo wathengiswa eJapan.

Kukho ingxelo umdla umyili oyintloko we "Niva" Prusova PM on yokunikwa isihloko kule modeli. Wathi ukuba ungayiqondiyo oonobumba bokuqala begama intombi yakhe (Nina kunye Irina) kunye noonyana oyintloko umyili «GM-AvtoVAZ" (Vadim, uAndreya).

Investments kwimveliso

"AvtoVAZ" ulonwabele inkxaso-mali karhulumente, kodwa akwanelanga ukushukumisa lweshishini ukusuka crisis elide. Le meko yaba mandundu ingxabano lwangaphakathi phezu ubunini yenkampani. iziganeko zobusela kwempahla kwabikwa ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu. Ezi zixa ayalingana kwingeniso yonyaka evela kwintengiso nkampani. Ngoko ke, zonke ezi ziganeko akukho evumayo ephumayo ukusuka kwimo lutho.

Ngo-2009, ukuhla kwengeniso ukusuka kwiintengiso yayokufika kwizinga irekhodi ka-39%, xa kuthelekiswa ne kwithuba elidlulileyo. Loo ukuwa inkampani ayiyazi imbali yawo. , Amanyathelo olukhulu ukuze sikwazi ukuba inkampani zange ayeke umsebenzi wayo. Kuba oku Wagalela utyalo-mali enkulu ibe asethi.

NgoJulayi 2009, ikomkhulu ogunyazisiweyo inkampani kunyuke nge-240 mln. Euro. Kulo mzekelo, Renault-Nissan, inkampani ephethwe-25% ezabelo, yaye "Technologies Russian" - 44%. Ngesigqibo umyili oyintloko Steve Mattin iye elimisiweyo. Yena eyayikade isikhundla efanayo nenkxalabo Mercedes, Volvo. Ukususela ngelo xesha waqalisa imvuselelo.

"AvtoVAZ" Museum

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, ibali "AvtoVAZ" engenakulibaleka. iimveliso zawo uphawu yokwenene ngelo xesha. Akumangalisi ke, kukho imyuziyam of "AvtoVAZ". Le ise kwisixeko Togliatti. Kuyinto liziko enikelwe kakuhle wayengaziwa kuphela kwilizwe lethu kodwa phesheya brand "Lada". Ngapha koko, waba yaziwa kulo lonke elimiweyo umatshini, eyenziwe kwilizwe lethu.

Kukho ezininzi izinto ezibalulekileyo ukwenzela giant auto. Apha uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana kunye neendlela zokuqala emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR, kwaye iisampulu ezininzi mandulo. Ezinye zimoto kwi kwidispleyi ngoku engasekho kubonakala phezu ezindleleni. Bathi ukuvelisa kuphela iminyaka emininzi, kodwa kungarhoxiswa ngokupheleleyo kwinkonzo.

"AvtoVAZ" myuziyam ilungele ukubonisa iindwendwe yayo yokuqala "penny" cherry umbala, okuyinto bathengisa emva kokuba ukuqaliswa kwe-network leyo. umnini wayo baxhaphaza iimoto zabo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-19. Ngo-2000, wayinika myuziyam. Kuba oku "AvtoVAZ" thaca i umxhasi imoto entsha, nje iye bayinzala mveliso yokuthutha. Kuyinto imoto inkulu umkhweli imveliso ofanelwe udumo kunye nokuqondwa.

Le nkampani namhlanje

Emva iphuma elide, ingxaki enzulu Vaz, ogama imbali ligcwele ezahlukeneyo iziganeko, kwakhona ekwandiseni imveliso. Emva ngo-2004, siye sabona ukukhanya hatchbacks kunye ekungena "Kalina" jikelele. Ukususela ngoko olwenziwe uphuhliso wenkuthalo design entsha kanye amacandelo "Lada".

imodeli entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi "Priora" yakhululwa ngo-2007. Imfuno ngelo xesha wayesadla ekungqulekeni. Ukuze ukumkhuthaza, uguqulelo axabisa of "Kalina" iye yaphuhliswa. Yayibizwa ngokuba "Grant." Eli xesha iphawulwe for "AvtoVAZ" indlela yokuphuma kule ntlekele. Ukwandisa umthamo.

Ngo-2012, "Lada", "Largus" umfuziselo iye yaphuhliswa ngokusekelwe imoto Renault Logan. Ngokuba kulunge lweshishini edume kufuna indlela isandi kunye, iingcamango ezintsha engaqhelekanga kunye notyalo-mali ngokwaneleyo. Kunye nenqubo eyiyo, inkampani kwakhona nako ukuzisa iingeniso ezinkulu kurhulumente. Ukuze benze oku, le mihla "AvtoVAZ" kukho onke amathuba. Le mveliso ingenziwa kuphela inzuzo, kodwa aphinde umxholo wayo lweshishini edume zobunjineli zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe.