Indlela ukulinganisa uxinzelelo umoya ngokwendlela Pascals? Yintoni xi eziqhelekileyo umoya ngokwendlela Pascals?

Emoyeni - ilifu igesi ezingqonge Umhlaba. Air Weight, ukuphakama kumhlathi mkhulu kwe-900 km, abe nempembelelo enamandla kubemi iplanethi yethu. Thina musa oku, niqonda ubomi ezantsi zasezulwini kolwandle kalula. Kuyaphela umntu uziva, ndibathuma ndivuka phezulu ezintabeni. Oxygen intswelo afune ukudinwa. Xa oku utshintsho xi akuguquki womoya.

Physics iqwalasela womoya, utshintsho kwayo kwanefuthe layo phezu komhlaba komhlaba.

Ekuhambeni wezenzululwazi yokufunda yesikolo ophezulu amanyathelo esesibhakabhakeni wafumana ingqalelo enkulu. Ezicacileyo yokujonga ukuxhomekeka ende, iimpembelelo kwiinkqubo ezenzeka kweli khaya okanye kwindalo, zicacisiwe ngokusekelwe ulwazi amanyathelo komoya.

Xa uqala ukufunda womoya? Grade 6 - ixesha omaziyo kunye awohluke yeegesi. Qhuba le nkqubo kwiiklasi profile kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.

History of the isifundo

Imizamo yokuqala ukuseka uwabonisa uxinzelelo lomoya elithathwe 1643 ecetyiswa i-Italian Evangelista Torricelli. Iglasi etywiniweyo kwenye ekupheleni ityhubhu wazaliswa mercury. Ukuvala Kwelinye icala, oko bewuhlisele kungena mercury. Kwinxalenye engentla ityhubhu ngenxa ukuvuza kwenxenye mercury isithuba kuyilwa engenanto, ukufumana igama ilandelayo: "ungalanjathiswa Torricellian".

Ngeli xesha zenzululwazi zendalo alawula kwithiyori Aristotle, babekholelwa ukuba "indalo ilisikizi cleaner." Ngokutsho iimbono zakhe, indawo engenanto awahlutha loo nto kuba. Ngoko, ubukho mgodini kwi ityhubhu yeglasi ixesha elide ezama ukucacisa ezinye koonina.

Into yokuba I KSysGuard applet ayikuxhasi, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, akunto ezingenako ukuzaliswa, kuba imetyhuri ukuya ekuqaleni ukucikideka zizaliswe ngokupheleleyo njengesilinda. Kunye nasakhulayo, avumele ezinye izinto ukuba ligcwalise isithuba. Kodwa kutheni bonke mercury ayikho Wagalela kungena isitya, kwakunye imiqobo kule apho? Esi sigqibo icacile: i Mercury ityhubhu njengokuba izitya ukunxibelelana, kudala uxinzelelo enye kwi Mercury kwi ngesitya, kwakunye into evela ngaphandle. Kwinqanaba efanayo komhlaba mercury uchukumisa umoya kuphela. Yaba uxinzelelo yakhe igazi egcina into ekwenziwa aqukuqela yi womxhuzulane. Gas yaziwa ukwenza isiphumo efanayo kuwo onke amacala. Impembelelo yakhe baboniswa komhlaba Mercury isitya.

Ubude HG lombhobho yi malunga ilingana no 76 cm. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba eli candelo yahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko, womoya iyahluka. It iyakulinganiselwa HG cm (okanye ngemilimitha).

Zeziphi iiyunithi ukusebenzisa?

International System of Units lonke, ngoko singabandakanyi ukusetyenziswa ngemilimitha lesigidi. Art. ekumiseleni koxinzelelo. Unit womoya esekwe ngendlela efanayo njengoko livela kwi eziqinileyo kunye ulwelo. Ukulinganiswa xi ku pascals ezithathwe SI.

1 Pa esenziwayo uxinzelelo leyo idala amandla 1 N, kungayanyaniswa isahlulo 1 m ^2.

Chaza indlela ezinxulumene iiyunithi. Pressure column ulwelo nokubabeka ndlela ilandelayo: p = ρgh. Mercury mninzi ρ = 13.600 kg / m ^3. Njengesiqalo sithathe ubude mercury ka 760 iimilimitha. Ngoko ke:

p = 13600 kg / m ³ × 9,83 N / kg × 0,76 m = 101292,8 Pa

Ukurekhoda womoya e Pascals, cinga: 1 mm HG = 133,3 Pa.

Umzekelo zokusombulula ingxaki

Ukumisela amandla ngayo emoyeni enza izinto m imilinganiso kumphezulu kophahla 10x20. Kuzakuthathwa elingana womoya ngu 740 mmHg

p = 740 mmHg, a = 10 m, b = 20 m.

analysis of

Ukuze ubone amandla efunekayo ukuseka uxinzelelo umoya ngokwendlela Pascals. Nicinga ukuba 1 nawethu HG ilingana 133,3 Pa, siye sifumane ezi zilandelayo: p = 98 642 Pa.

isinqumo

Ukusebenzisa Ubhaqo xi ifomula:

p = F / s,

Ekubeni indawo uphahla alinikwa cingela ukuba oku koxande ukumila kakuhle. Ummandla eli nani yi ifomula:

s = ab.

Kufakwe square Ixabiso ubalo ifomula:

p = F / (ab), nalapho:

F = pab.

Yekhompyutha: F = 98642 Pa × 10 m × 20 m = 19728400 H = 1,97 MN.

Impendulo: Le amandla xi le umoya phezu kophahla alinganayo 1,97 MN.

Indlela yomlinganiselo

ukuzimisela yolwazi womoya inokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa column lesigidi. Ukuba ecaleni kuyo ukulungisa isikali, kuba kunokwenzeka ukufaka utshintsho. Le mercury Barometer ilula.

Ikuqaphele utshintsho emangele amanyathelo esesibhakabhakeni yaba Evangelista Torricelli, edibanisa le nkqubo ubushushu nengqele.

Le lusebenze ogama womoya-sangqa kumphandle elwandle kwi-0 Degrees Celsius. Eli xabiso 760 mmHg womoya lesiqhelo kwi pascals kuthathwa ukuba kulingana 10 ⁵ Pa.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba mercury kakhulu yingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Ngenxa yoko, awukwazi ukusebenzisa barometers mercury evulekileyo. Ezinye ulwelo babe Uxinaniso kakhulu ngaphantsi, ngoko ityhubhu ezaliswe ulwelo kufuneka elide ngokwaneleyo.

Umzekelo, umhlathi amanzi eyenziweyo uBlaise UPascal, kufuneka ube malunga-10 m ubude. Le Ububi izicacele.

aneroid Barometer

Inyathelo ephawulekayo phambili ekunokuthiwa kude into engamanzi ukudala barometers. Ukukwazi ukuvelisa isixhobo yokuqingqa uxinzelelo kwi-atmosfere iphunyeziwe Barometer aneroid.

Ingxenye esemqoka ye imitha - ibhokisi tyaba, ukusuka apho umoya sokumpompa phandle. Ukuze siphephe ukuba umoya acofwa, umphezulu wenziwe yenyuka. imithombo System weevil enxulumene ngotolo ebonisa ixabiso uxinzelelo esikalini. Akwazi ukuba izidanga na kwiiyunithi. Kulinganiswa uxinzelelo Pascals umoya kunokuba zibe kwisikali womlinganiselo efanelekileyo.

Ukuphakamisa uxinzelelo ukuphakama yeegesi

Ukutshintsha lexinene emoyeni njengoko unyuka kukhokelela ekuncipheni ndinyanzelekile. Ukungafani le gasbag akasivumeli umthetho yomgama ukuba utshintsho, njengoko yokuphakama kwandisa ngesidanga zokucutha uhle. Zomphezulu Umhlaba njengoko kowavelela zemitha 12 yintshukumo emoyeni iwela 1 mm HG. Art. Kulo eziFihliweyo, ukutshintsha efanayo kwenzeka ukuba yonke m 10.5.

Kufutshane phezu komhlaba ezinobude-moya flight aneroid babonelelwa isikali okhethekileyo, uyakwazi ukubona ukuphakama womoya. Esi sixhobo kuthiwa i altimeter.

device Special phezu komhlaba Umhlaba ikuvumela ukuba ukucwangcisa yokufundwa altimeter kwi zero, lokuqhubeka ngokuyisebenzisa oko ukufumanisa ukuphakama wavulwa.

Umzekelo zokusombulula ingxaki

Xa emazantsi Barometer ntaba wabonisa womoya 756 mm HG Yintoni Ixabiso iya kuba ezinobude ka 2500 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle? Ufuna ukuba babhale uxinzelelo umoya ngokwendlela Pascals.

p ₁ = 756 mm HG, H =-2500 m, _P2 -?

isinqumo

Ukuze ubone Barometer kwindawo H ubude, zithathela ingqalelo ukuba xi uwela 1 mm HG zonke-12 leemitha. ke:

(P ₁ - p ₂₎ × 12 m × H = 1 mm HG, apho:

p ₂ = p ₁ - H × 1 mm HG / 12 m = 756 mmHg - 2500 m × 1 mm HG / 12 m = 546 mmHg

Ukurekhoda kubangela uxinzelelo umoya ngokwendlela Pascals, landela la manyathelo:

p ₂ = 546 × 133,3 Pa = 72619 Pa

Impendulo: 72.619 Pa.

womoya kunye nemozulu

Movement lamanqanaba zomoya emoyeni kufuphi komhlaba angaphezulu zokufudumeza non-uniform zezulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kukhokelela utshintsho iimeko zemozulu kuzo zonke iindawo ehlabathini.

Uxinzelelo kunokuhluka 20-35 mmHg ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye 2-4 mm HG emini. Umntu nempilo angagqali utshintsho kule index.

womoya value yayo ngezantsi eziqhelekileyo yaye ngokufuthi itshintsha, ibonisa isiciko yinkanyamba ngokuqiniseka. Amaxesha amaninzi le meko lukhatshwa emafini kwezulu.

uxinzelelo Low akusoloko uphawu semvula. yemozulu embi lixhomekeke kakhulu kwi lalisiya zesi salathisi.

A zokucutha elibukhali ukuya 74 neesentimitha HG nolusezantsi nobuso uqhwithela, izantyalantyala zemvula ukuba kuqhubeka xa isalathisi sele ekuqaleni avuke.

utshintsho sezulu kuba ngcono na kumiselwa khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

• emva kwamaxesha elide yemozulu embi kukho ukwanda kakhulu womoya;
• kwimozulu kwandisa uxinzelelo slushy ze;
• ngexesha imimoya esemazantsi esi salathisi liphuma iintsuku ezimbalwa;
• ukwanda uwabonisa xi kwimozulu ezinomoya - iflegi ekusekeni sezulu obutofotofo.