Ekulweni urhwaphilizo eRussia. IsiCwangciso seSizwe Anti-Corruption

Urhwaphilizo ikhona anoqoqosho ezininzi zehlabathi, kuquka lizwe ahambele phambili kwaye ihlelwe. Xa lithi apho inkqubo yoqoqosho ijongene isimo yabaqalayo yale hlobo badla nje azikaqapheleki, zisichaphazela ngqo amathuba uphuhliso lwezopolitiko. ERashiya, iintlobo zenkohlakalo ezaziwayo ziingcali ezininzi iingxaki amatshantliziyo zentlalo ukusombulula ukuba, ngokusekelwe ubungakanani imiba enxulumene, kuza kufuneka ukuba karhulumente. Zeziphi izixhobo ezisebenzisekayo ze abasemagunyeni Russian ekulweni le nto? Yintoni na imithombo komthetho na isiseko nemisebenzi arhente ezinxulumene nale ndawo yomsebenzi wecandelo lolawulo?

Ukungxamiseka kwenkohlakalo

Anti-urhwaphilizo kufanele siqaphele, Kakade ke, kulo naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini. Noko ke, kubaluleke gqitha ukulwa nalo mba ngayo kuba ithi kunye iinkqubo zentlalo noqoqosho asakhasayo ukuba zikwimeko sisendleleni, ukufumana indlela yayo yophuhliso, leyo, ngokuqinisekileyo bobabo eRashiya.

Yimpendulo esebenzayo urhwaphilizo kwilizwe lethu - omnye zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze ngakumbi yotshintsho yezopolitiko inkqubo, ukuphucula imodeli kwezoqoqosho ukuze utyekelo ntlekele khange lubonakale, njengoko iqatshelwe eziliqela kwiindawo namhlanje. Isibaluli ibalulekileyo - ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo kwinqanaba koogunyaziwe eziphezulu, oko kukuthi, lo mba zemveliso kunye nokwenziwa abanezakhono imithetho elawula amanyathelo okulwa urhwaphilizo. Olu hlobo ngemithombo umthetho eRashiya. Siye sifunde ubuntu babo.

Imithetho elwa urhwaphilizo

Phakathi imithombo yemithetho elawula inkqubo okulwa urhwaphilizo, kubalulekile ukuphawula:

• FZ "Xa sidibanisa indlela Corruption";
• I-National Plan, esayinwe nguMongameli we-Russian Federation;

Ukuqala ukufunda iimpawu zabo ukusuka kumthombo yesibini, ukususela ekupapashweni kwayo ngaphambi isigqibo sokuqala. Ekulweni urhwaphilizo eRashiya (ngokutsho xwebhu) - kuba yimfuneko ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo ngezenzeko ezimbi kuthintela uqoqosho Russian kunye noluntu zikhule kakuhle. Siye sifunde isakhiwo National Plan.

Isicwangciso iNational

Uxwebhu lemibuzo linamacandelo eziliqela. Kulo wokuqala emgceni ku imfuneko amanyathelo omthetho ejoliswe ekulweni urhwaphilizo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukwamkelwa Federal uMthetho, oko ogama ngasentla, kwenziwa isaziso kwi-National Plan. Kwicandelo lokuqala lolu xwebhu yanikwa ngokwenkcazelo yembali okulwa urhwaphilizo, olunjani amanyathelo kufuneka iphunyezwe kwinkqubo-sikhokelo ye-imisebenzi efanelekileyo kwaye ngubani. Kwakhona kule iqela loxwebhu ziye ezibekwe imisebenzi eyimfuneko karhulumente. Makhe sihlolisise le nkalo ngokweenkcukacha - yena kuqwalaselwa ziingcali ezininzi kuba yenye yezinto eziphambili spectrum iyonke amanyathelo okulwa norhwaphilizo ngayo ngabasemagunyeni.

Urhulumente nkqubo okulwa urhwaphilizo

Anti-urhwaphilizo, ngoko, ubukhulu becala evela kurhulumente Russian ukusombulula ebusweni yamaziko aphezulu amandla. IsiCwangciso seSizwe, olinani ubone ngoku ukuba sele thaca Izicatshulwa ingqiqo zilandelayo, ebonisa iinkalo zomsebenzi kule ndawo. Sibala ezona ziphambili:

• ekuphuculeni isakhiwo sikarhulumente, noun onikwe ngenxa-ofisi nganye;
• kudingeka ukuba kukhe kuphuhliseke amanyathelo okulwa urhwaphilizo kwinqanaba imeko apho ukwenza imisebenzi yabo umsebenzi kunye nabaqeshwa nabasemagunyeni karhulumente kunye kamasipala;
• ukuvunywa uhlobo olulodwa imilinganiselo okulwa urhwaphilizo, kuxhomekeka kwindawo ethile yomsebenzi kwezentlalo;
• ukufikelela kubulungisa ukuqinisekisa ukuphuculwa iindlela zokusombulula iimbambano ngaphandle kwenkundla.

Kwakhona, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo karhulumente nkqubo anti-urhwaphilizo (njengoko kubonisiwe kwicandelo efanelekileyo National Plan) ukuphuculwa komthetho ezingundoqo, ezifana, ngokomzekelo, uMgaqo Criminal, kugxininiswa ngokuqinisa ukwayo ezinxulumene namatyala urhwaphilizo.

In search of bafezeke kwenkqubo

Into elandelayo isakhiwo National Plan - oku inombolo yecandelo ezimbini. Kuye kuchazwe eyona nto kufuneka yenziwe amanyathelo ukuze alwe urhwaphilizo, ebonisa kanye indlela ukuphucula izakhiwo zolawulo. Loluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi sele kuthethiwe kweli candelo National Plan? Ikakhulu ngayo ingqalelo kwiindawo ukusetyenziswa kwepropati karhulumente kunye kamasipala, ukukhuthaza ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho, ukuphucula iindlela zeekhontrakthi zokuthengwa uluntu kunye norhulumente, uphuhliso inter-imodeli ukuveza isimo urhwaphilizo.

Igqwetha kufuneka neziqu

Iqela elilandelayo yemilinganiselo, equka i-National Anti-uRhwaphilizo Plan, ezichazwe kwicandelo sesithathu uxwebhu kwaye lu dityanisiwe ukwanda uqeqesho lwengcali entsimini yomthetho, kwakunye ekwenzeni umsebenzi ukuze kuphuculwe umkhwa esisemthethweni kubemi Russia. Ngoko ke, kukho iinkalo ezimbini zomsebenzi zachazwa. Ngenyanga yokuqala (ngokumalunga nophuhliso lwezakhono) bekucingelwa ukuba iza kukhulu kwi ulawulo yokuqala karhulumente phezu ke uphiwa iintsebenzo zemisebenzi kumaziko alungiselela abameli. Indawo yesibini umsebenzi izicwangciso, ukuba abemi Russian Federation uya kuba nako ukuncedisa ulwazi lwabo ngemiba yomthetho ngezibonelelo eendaba zizodwa.

umthetho federal

Ngo-2008, uMthetho Federal ekulweni urhwaphilizo (kwi-sikhokelo ekuphumezeni ngokwenene omnye wemisebenzi ezichazwe kwi-National Plan). Eneneni, ezininzi theses ukuba uchazwe ngasentla, ziye wafumana iwonga zomthetho ezifanelekileyo kwinqanaba elisemthethweni. Ngoko lokuhlolisisa eninzi uye ithiyori, uze ugqithele bokuqonda eyenziwayo enxulumene zokunyanzelisa umthetho, ebonisa isiphumo uMthetho Federal phantsi ingqalelo.

Le ambiguity of ukutolika

Ngaba ithisisi apho uMthetho Federal, ekubhekiselwe kuyo, iqulethe kumalungiselelo la magama, ukuba isicelo zazo zepraktikhali kwiqela leemeko kunokuba ngokukhetha (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha evakalayo amalungiselelo afanelekileyo ukuba ingacaci) ngokomthetho. Leyo njongo lokulwa urhwaphilizo necandelo lomthetho, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, ngeendlela ezininzi ukufumana ezinye iziphumo livakale, kubonakala kwiimeko eziphakamileyo-profile kunye bonisa izilingo, kodwa iingxaki zenkqubo ezi eliphakathi kakhulu.

Kukho enye iseti iingxaki. Kwezinye iimeko, abathatha inxaxheba zomthetho Isenzo abasemagunyeni Federal Act isifundo, isicelo amalungiselelo ayo, ukusuka kwindawo esesikweni lwembono, kuyinyaniso, kodwa enyanisweni akufanelekanga kakhulu.

Umzekelo, ityala xa moya ezininzi ezinkulu Russian ukuba kuqeshwe amagosa karhulumente wangaphambili, ndilibele ukuba azise abaqeshi babo yangaphambili umfo lowo, njengoko yoko, ngoko besaphula imiqathango yomthetho. Anti-urhwaphilizo, njengoko abanye abahlalutyi akufuneki enze ngaphandle kwi inkalo nokulungisa ukunyhashwa nokuba baphendule kubo. Noko ke, ugxininiso ekuqhutyweni kwemisebenzi efanelekileyo esinegunya kufuneka amalungiselelo kakhulu ngobuchule. Oko kukuthi, umzekelo, ukuba zonke ezikhoyo amasebe imithombo yoluntu kunye lombutho phambili ukuchonga phosakeleyo laqulunqa izivumelwano yabasebenzi, yokwenene, yanyhashwa ezibalulekileyo nje akukho mntu ukuba bazibandakanye.

Iinkcukacha-manani ekuyo kumele ibe yechanekileyo

Omnye umba we - manani. Ukuba yenziwe kwi kwisiseko izandulela, efana naleyo ebhalwe kwimeko-moya - Kakade, amanani angqinelanayo nangayiphi na indlela alinakho ukuchazwa ngendlela ebonisa impumelelo abasemagunyeni ukuziphatha-nkqubo anti-urhwaphilizo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba iinkcukacha-manani ezibonisa iziphumo imisebenzi ezifanelekileyo yayingabameli. Kwaye oko kuxhomekeke, abahlalutyi bathi, hayi kuphela amagama womthetho, naphezu ekukwazini abasemagunyeni abanobuchule ebekwe ngokuchanekileyo kwamagama kumsebenzi. Nangona, kukho imbono eyahlukileyo kule nkalo. Oku kusekelwe ophambili mechanism ukufunda, kunokuba ukucaciswa imithetho. Oko kukuthi, izohlwayo ukuba zabekwa kwi-moya, esebenzayo ngokupheleleyo (ngokususela nezithethe ngqo elikhankanyiweyo imithombo umthetho). Yonke imibuzo, ngoko ke, kufuneka ukuba loo mthetho.

izibophelelo zoshishino

An into umdla kukuba ezichazwe kwinqanaba umthetho isicwangciso amanyathelo federal ukuze ubone urhwaphilizo kufuna ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekuphuculweni ebonakalayo yokusingqongileyo yezentlalo noqoqosho nendlela ambuka ngayo ukulwa le meko ezimbi nje kuphela kurhulumente, kodwa amanye amaziko angabhaliswanga ezinxulumene ngqo kwinkqubo yamandla. Okokuqala, ukuba ishishini. WeeNkampani, ngokutsho eziliqela amalungiselelo oMthetho imithombo umthetho, kufuneka ukuba livelise kwaye lizalisekise amanyathelo othintelo ezinxulumene zokulwa urhwaphilizo. Yintoni, umzekelo? Njengoko ukhetho - inkampani nga imeko lwangaphakathi okulwa urhwaphilizo, ukuseka ikhowudi yokuziphatha ebonisa amagosa zonxibelelwano kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente.

Noko ke, njengoko kuphawuliwe ummeli eziliqela, uxanduva ukusilela kumalungiselelo kumbuzo, loo nto ichazwe ngokucacileyo imithombo komthetho. Oku, ngengozi, ukuba omnye umzekelo yokunqongophala, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, nokunatyiswa komthetho. Eneneni, ukuba kukho inkampani, umzekelo, akazange ulimise lwesakhiwo kwisebe anti-urhwaphilizo okanye, umzekelo, wala ukuba ikhowudi yokuziphatha - akukho arhente, esekelwe phezu kwemimiselo yomthetho; akanalo ilungelo lokuba afune ukuba inkampani ukwenza izenzo eziyimfuneko. Kodwa ke, indlela enye okanye enye, ukuba uphumeze inkampani babo isandla. Yena uyakwazi ukwenza oku, umzekelo, ukusebenzisa iziphakamiso ngophuhliso Anti-urhwaphilizo ukuba uluhlu lwe siseko engundoqo, leyo iyavakala ukunamathela kwishishini, efuna ukulwa ngumkhuba zingafanelekanga mbuzo. Kodwa ke, njengoko sathi ngasentla, iNkampani unelungelo ukuphuhlisa imithetho yabo ye-Receiver of injongo oluhloniphiweyo - ukuyila, umzekelo, isikhundla okanye umyalelo kwi ekulweni urhwaphilizo.

Yintoni na ukunika?

Ngoku iphande isicelo bobuqili izibonelelo ezithile zoMthetho Federal "Xa sidibanisa indlela Corruption". imimiselo umdla equlethwe kwiSiqendu 17 lomThetho. Ithi ukuba igosa akanalo ilungelo lokufumana umvuzo ukuze lenze imisebenzi yalo, ochazwa ngohlobo imali, izipho okanye ezinye ozikhethayo. Ukuba ngummi okanye usomashishini nangoku umqeshwa karhulumente thaca ixabiso ethile - kunyanzelekileyo ukuba ukudlulisela oko ngokuthi kukhutshwe lo Mthetho, lo mhlaba federal. Kodwa kukho umnyinyiva: Ukuba ixabiso isipho - ngaphantsi kwe-3 amawaka engange ..

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uthathe ixabiso yegosa, iindleko zeziphi na ngokuqinisekileyo (kunye Amathuba aphezulu) kune udibaniso? Kulo mzekelo, oko ingachazwa njengokufumana ezisemthethweni kwisinyobo (kunye transfer yayo, ngokulandelelana, ngokuthi umntu okanye umbutho). Isiphumo - inokuba nxamnye violators ziya kukhutshwa ngokubanik isohlwayo.

umgaqo-urhwaphilizo Anti: Amava amazwe

Njani na lo mgaqo-anti-urhwaphilizo kwamanye amazwe? Ezinye iingcali Siyaleza ingqalelo Hong Kong. Ukusebenza kweli lizwe, iKomishoni Anti-Corruption, ngokutsho abahlalutyi abaninzi, yenye arhente isebenza kakhulu ehlabathini iprofayili yabo. I-arhente lenze iqela lemiyalezo kunye neengcebiso onxulumene nokuziphatha kwamanyathelo ngempumelelo kwicala ekulweni iziganeko norhwaphilizo. Ba esebenzayo, iingcali zikholelwa, kungekuphela nje kwilizwe elinye ehlabathini kwaye phantse naliphi na ilizwe mihla. Yintoni eyenziwa ziingcali Anti-urhwaphilizo e Hong Kong? Le ilandelayo:

• abasemagunyeni elijongene nkqubo anti-urhwaphilizo kufuneka elizimeleyo ukusuka kwisebe yesigqeba, ngaphandle igosa eliphezulu kurhulumente; kwimeko Russia, oko umongameli - nguye kuphela amasebe afanelekileyo kufuneka ibe uxanduva;
• bejonge nkqubo nabasebenzi kwinkonzo karhulumente kufuneka bahlonele umgaqo ngokukhetha abagqatswa ifanelekileyo, nokugcina italente ilungileyo;
• abasemagunyeni unoxanduva umlo ochasene norhwaphilizo kufuneka amandla ngenjongo kokubhengezwa izono kunokwenzeka;
• ilizwe kufuneka isebenze inkqubo esweni karhulumente ngokungqongqo umsebenzi arhente onoxanduva kwindawo efanelekileyo umsebenzi;
• imisebenzi zemizimba zokulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho kufuneka siwenze kunye izakhono mali yelizwe.

Njengokuba kude neplani eRashiya anti-mthetho kuyafana izindululo ezifanelekileyo Hong Kong? trend ayintsonkothanga, ezibonisa iimbono ezikhoyo ekuhlaleni ingcali, ukufumana nzima. Kodwa xa uhlola amalungiselelo ezithile zoMthetho, kwakunye neSicwangciso seSizwe, uhlobo kweekhrayitheriya kufana ebekwe kwi imithombo Russian komthetho ulwimi ukuba ocatshulwe ngasentla, kungenzeka nangoku ukulungisa. Ngokomzekelo, theses kwi isakhelo, kufutshane kakhulu uguqulelo wasekhaya kunye Hong Kong.

into yoluntu

Ukusuka apho kuya kuxhomekeka kwimpumelelo esebenzayo-nkqubo yokulwa urhwaphilizo karhulumente? Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba oku luqinisekiswa kakhulu ekukwazini abasemagunyeni wokwakha ingxoxo kunye noluntu ngokubanzi okanye kwiindawo zayo ngamnye. Kudla ngokuthi ukuvela komthetho omtsha ejoliswe ekulweni urhwaphilizo, sikhatshwa sama ngokugqithisileyo kumasebe karhulumente, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha - kwiindawo apho olu hlobo simanga, kwaye akunqwenelekile. Umzekelo, kwinkalo yemfundo. Ekulweni urhwaphilizo esikolweni okanye abancinane, lo mhlola, njengoko iingcali zikholelwa, ayisoloko efanelekileyo ngebande elinye kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo amanyathelo othintelo namagunya, ezifana nezo ezinxulumene imisebenzi mali kunye nezolawulo.

Yintoni efanele ibe umzimba ezizodwa?

Nangona yokuba eRashiya kumlo ochasene norhwaphilizo - inkqubo kulawulwa ngumthetho federal kwilizwe lethu akakabi umzimba eyahlukileyo (as in mzekelo Hong Kong), nto leyo iza kuba kuphela abanoxanduva lokuyenza le nkqubo yoluntu efanelekileyo. Kukho Ukulawula Anti-Corruption phantsi uMongameli we-Russian Federation, kodwa newonga igunya elinye, kwaye ayinamsebenzi. Ezi ngcali bume babe ingcamango yokuba i nkampani bekuya kuba luncedo ukuba ukudala.

Kwangaxeshanye, abahlalutyi bathi, lo mthetho kufuneka ibe indlela ngokukodwa approach umbuzo umjizeke amagunya gunya. Oko kukuthi, umzekelo, ngokunika iimpawu "COP" nomlinganiswa (khomiwile, njl) amandla kungabangela i iiyantlukwano ezithile izinga phakathi imisebenzi ye-Arhente kunye nezakhiwo amandla ezikhoyo, iingcali zithi.

Kubalulekile, abahlalutyi bathi, siseza ingqalelo amanyathelo aza kuthatyathwa kunokuba izidubuli. Ngokusondeleyo yabanikazi izenzakalo ezifana nokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho kunye okulwa urhwaphilizo. Sithetha into yokuba, xa kusenziwa, wenziwe nje ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa imimiselo yomthetho, kodwa ukuhlonipha kumdla kwizakhiwo zoshishino, ezidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo yezoqoqosho karhulumente. Khumbula kwimeko-moya - ezibonakala igunya, waya kuqesha abasebenzi lixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubume lweziko lwangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, umthetho ubonelela umthetho ovumela kurhulumente ukuba ilungiselelo elisemthethweni, nangona ixesha elifutshane (ngokusebenzisa imali), kodwa aphazamise kwimicimbi yabucala wenkampani.

Xa umsebenzi umzimba elinye okulwa urhwaphilizo, nto leyo kufuneka ukudala Russian mthetho umba obalulekileyo zolawulo loluntu. Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba xa indlela ngokwaneleyo elungeleleneyo ekuqulunqweni imigangatho zolawulo kunye neendlela ayicacanga kule inkalo zokunyanzeliswa komthetho kunokuba nzima xa, umzekelo, ukulwa urhwaphilizo esikolweni okanye abancinane (ngokwemiqathango yemimiselo yomthetho) yenziwa ngokungqinelana neenkqubo ezifana nezo ukuba ziyaphunyezwa ngaphakathi sikhokelo imisebenzi entsimini yentsebenziswano phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini. Mhlawumbi, abahlalutyi bathi, kuya kufuneka ingcaciso iinkcukacha ezingakumbi imigangatho yolawulo, ubuncinane ngenxa yokuba ootitshala, njengoko umthetho, oku abasebenzi bakarhulumente kunye namagosa. Ekulweni urhwaphilizo kokuya esikolweni, isikolo - indawo yakholwa ukuba amagqwetha, efuna upapasho imithombo ngokwesiseko ezahlukeneyo yomthetho. Kwaye kwakhona ngomnye wemingeni ejongene abasemagunyeni Russian.