Wabe Alighieri: biography, imihla yobomi, ubuchule

udumo ehlabathini lonke igama imbongi odumileyo wabe Alighieri Italy. Iikowuteshini imisebenzi yakhe unokuviwa ezahlukeneyo iilwimi, njengophawu indalo yakhe phantse lonke ihlabathi. Bona funda ngabaninzi iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo, wafunda kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Xa inani elikhulu kumazwe aseYurophu kukho uluntu ezalisa ukuqokelela, uphando kunye nokusasaza ulwazi malunga ilifa lakhe. Nobu ubomi wabe enye iziganeko ezinkulu enkcubeko ubomi babantu.

Step zibe ukungafi

Ngelo xesha, xa imbongi enkulu wazalwa, abantu ilindele utshintsho olukhulu. Yaba olwandulela oluye ozukileyo zembali ezisikhumbuza utshintshe ubuso uluntu lwaseYurophu. Ihlabathi ephakathi, ingcinezelo feudal, isiphithiphithi nokungamanyani ababesele elidlulileyo. Yeyona ukuvela kuluntu simahla abalimi. Kukho kufika ixesha amandla kunye nempumelelo yesizwe ithi.

Ngoko ke, wabe Alighieri (umbongo iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi) - yiyo kuphela imbongi yokugqibela kumaXesha Aphakathi, kodwa ke umbhali yokuqala mihla siphila kuyo. Yena nohola uluhlu eyenziwa amagama Titans le Renaissance. Yena kuqala aqala ukulwa ubundlobongela, inkohlakalo, obscurantism yehlabathi ephakathi. Kwakhona phakathi kwabo kuqala waphakamisa kwebhanile zobuntu. Eli yaba linyathelo ukungafi yakhe.

ke intsha

Indlela yokuphila wabe Aligeri, kwincwadi engobomi bakhe ethi ngokusondeleyo kakhulu enxulumene ezo ziganeko, apho esibonakala ubomi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko Italy ngelo xesha. Wazalelwa kwintsapho Florentines zemveli ngo May 1265. Baba amahlwempu hayi clan amanene kakhulu wobukhosi.

Uyise wasebenza sale igqwetha zebhanki siqinile. Wafa ekuseni kakhulu, nkqu ngemihla yobutsha bakhe, kamva waba ngunyana odumileyo.

Isibakala sokuba iinkanuko zezopolitiko nibaleka phezulu kweli lizwe, ngaphakathi iindonga zesixeko zakowabo rhoqo kwakukho amadabi liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa, uloyiso sale waphumelela ukoyiswa, ayikwazanga ukubaleka ingqalelo wembongi abatsha. Waye babukele Ghibelline ukuwa amandla, izibonelelo lungelo kunye nokudityaniswa pololanskoy Florence.

Uqeqesho kwenzeka kwiindonga wabe kaThixo aphakathi kwisikolo esiqhelekileyo. Lo mfana zakhula ukwazi kakhulu, ngoko akazange ezinqabileyo ngokwaneleyo, imfundo elilinganiselweyo. Uhlale ukuphucula ulwazi lwabo ngokwabo. inkwenkwe yaqalisa umdla ekuqaleni kakhulu uncwadi nobugcisa, ugxininise ubugcisa, umculo kunye nemibongo.

Qala ubomi zoncwadi wembongi

Kodwa ubomi nokubhala wabe iqalisa ngexesha uncwadi, ubugcisa, umsebenzi wezandla ngokunyoluka pilis incindi uxolo yoluntu. Yonke into phambi koko ayikwazanga kakuhle ubukho ebhomboloza, uqhume. Ngelo xesha, ezintsha iintlobo zobugcisa yaqala ukubonakala ngathi amakhowa ibhokisi zemvula.

Okokuqala ngqa, njengoko imbongi wabe wazama yena ngoxa kwesazinge "isimbo esitsha". Ke ngaloo ekuqaleni ngokwaneleyo, imibongo, umntu ngoyaba ubukho iimvakalelo ngaselunxwemeni zobundlobongela owaqala yonke imifanekiso yalo isimbo.

Ngo-1293 kukho kopapasho incwadi yokuqala imbongi ebizwa ngokuba "New Life". Kule ingqokelela yemibongo mathathu, ukubhalwa kwayo busuka emva kwiminyaka 1281-1292. Babethandana iprozi ukuhlaziya ebanzi okuluphawu ubhalo ngokuphila kunye bulumko nobugcisa.

Iindinyana le ngqokelela waxelelwa kuqala malunga ngembali uthando imbongi ngayo. Le into lalingazi wakhe waba Beatrice Portinari emva ngaloo mihla, xa kwayona inkwenkwe eli-9 ubudala. Olu thando ukuba uhlale ubomi bakhe bonke. kunqabile kakhulu athe wabonakala ngokohlobo inohlobo amathuba kwanaxa, akrotyiswe oyintanda, xa ngeentolo zakhe, esigama. Kwaye emva 1290, xa ukufa wathabatha Beatrice, uthando imbongi uba yintlekele yakhe yobuqu.

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Ngenxa i "New Life" igama wabe Alighieri, ogama engobomi umdla ngokulinganayo kabuhlungu, yaziwa. Ukongeza imbongi abanetalente, ngathi umphengululi obalaseleyo, omnye wabantu abaninzi abafundiswa Italy. Ububanzi iimfanelo zakhe sasisikhulu ngokungaqhelekanga elo xesha. Wafunda imbali, intanda, ubuciko, ezakwalizwi, ngeenkwenkwezi, ngendawo. Kwakhona ingqalelo ngokukodwa inkqubo bulumko Eastern, iimfundiso uAvicenna kunye Averroes. ingqalelo yakhe ayikwazanga ukubaleka iimbongi ezinkulu amandulo abacinga - Plato, uSeneca, Virgil, uOvid, Juvenal. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo iya kuhlawulwa indalo kwabo nabantu Renaissance.

Wabe njalo okhethwe sale Thethani kwi kwizikhundla yekhethelo. Yena wenza umsebenzi onoxanduva kakhulu ozakuzo. Ngowe-1300 wabe Alighieri wonyulwa ukuba ikomiti, olu sapho lwaluquka priors ezintandathu. walawula abameli balo mzi.

Ekuqaleni ekupheleni

Kodwa kwangaxeshanye kukho uxinzelelo elitsha ingxwabangxwaba yoluntu. Ke embindini ukuphakama uvulele yaba kwinkampu Guelph ngokwayo. Waziqhekeza zibe "white" kunye "black" ngokweyelenqe, usilwa kakhulu.

Bafihla wabe Aligeri phakathi Guelph waba umbala omhlophe. Ngowe-1301, ngenkxaso upopu Guelphs 'abamnyama' wathabatha amandla phezu Florence kunye ufekethe Siqubisana phezu kweentshaba zabo. Bathunyelwa ekuthinjweni abulawe. Kuphela ukungabi wabe e bakhe asindiswe isohlwayo. Wagwetywa xa engekho ukufa. Kwakhe ukulinda uvutha nangoko emva kokufika bomhlaba sale.

Ithuba ekuthinjweni kwilizwe lakowabo

Ngelo xesha, kwakukho ukuqhawuka embi ebomini imbongi bakhe. Ekhohlo ngaphandle iphandle, kwanyanzeleka ukuba zizula nakwezinye izixeko eItali. Kuba ngoxa nangaphandle kweli lizwe, eParis. Kuye emehlweni ukubona abaninzi palazzo, kodwa akazange libaziseko. Waziva elininzi ziintlungu ukwenzakala, yaye ekhaya kakhulu Florence kunye wokubuk nabathetheli kwabonakala kuye ehlazweni udelela.

Ithuba ekuthinjweni uFlorence yaba nokuvuthwa yokomoya wabe Alighieri, ogama engobomi kwaye kude kube lelo xesha waye esisityebi kunene. Ngexesha Ukuzula phambi kwamehlo akhe bekusoloko ingxabano ingxabano. Kungekuphela nje ilizwe lakowabo, kodwa lonke ilizwe waqonda ngabo njenge "yokuzalela yobuxoki kunye ixhala." Waye macala onke singqongwe feuds ezingapheliyo phakathi komzi-ithi, ukubambana komsindo phakathi izikumkani, oliqhophololo, amabutho angaphandle, inyathelwe imiyezo, nezidiliya wonakele, ndidiniwe, abantu lithemba.

Ilizwe uqale iliza woqhankqalazo ethandwayo. Ukuvela iimbono ezintsha, umzabalazo abantu ukuba bawaphikise engqondweni ukuvuka ka wabe, bembongoza ukuba afune zonke iindlela kunokwenzeka ngaphandle meko.

Nokuvuthwa buchopho zinenani

Ebudeni bexesha-hamba, ukuswela, reflection buhlungu kwi bayahlelwa Italy le misebenzi zeento wabe. Ngoxa wayesathetha njenge imbongi, sobulumko ezopolitiko ntliziyo, intatheli-nzulu yophando. Ngelo xesha nye yabhalwa wabe Aligeri 'Divine Comedy ", owakukhuphayo kuye udumo ongafiyo ehlabathini lonke.

Ingcamango ndibhala esi sincoko wabonakala kakhulu ekuqaleni. Kodwa ukuze ukwenza oko, kufuneka siphile lonke ubomi babantu, ezele ubuhlungu, umzabalazo, ndingalali, umsebenzi abunayo.

Ngaphandle i "Comedy" eminye imisebenzi wabe Alighieri (sonety, umbongo). Nangakumbi, lo othi "kwitheko" libhekisela kwiminyaka yokuqala yokushiywa. Oko kwabuchaphazela kuphela emfundisweni kodwa bulumko, yokuziphatha, ngeenkwenkwezi, ifilosofi zendalo. Ukongeza, i "itheko" sabhalwa ngolwimi yesizwe Italian, nto leyo engaqhelekanga kakhulu ngelo xesha. Kuba phantse wonke ngoko ke umsebenzi izazinzulu ziye zapapashwa e Latin.

Ngaxeshanye kunye nomsebenzi kwi imbali ngo-1306 ndabona ihlabathi kunye nomsebenzi kweelwimi enomxholo othi "On bubuciko wesizwe." Olu phononongo lokuqala yenzululwazi yaseYurophu Romance Ezolimi.

Zombini ezi zenzo baye bahlala engagqitywanga, njengoko uphuhliso olutsha Ndiyalele iingcamango wabe ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinane.

amaphupha ethetha ukuba abuyele ezweni labo

Wabe Alighieri, ogama engobomi yaziwa abaninzi ababephila, ndicinga njalo ukubuyela. Ukutyhubela imihla, iinyanga neminyaka, yena ngokungadinwayo bethandazile aphupha oku. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi ngexesha umsebenzi kwi "Comedy", ngexesha kusenziwa umfanekiso wakhe ukungafi. Ke zakha intetho sale ndlela, yaye bebewuthwala kwinqanaba likazwelonke lezopolitiko. Wayekholelwa kukuba ngawo indalo yakhe akrelekrele zemibongo uya kuba nako ukubuyela kowabo. Usukelo, amathemba kunye neengcinga kwi imbuyekezo wamnika amandla ukugqibezela lo yemidlalo feat kuye.

Kodwa ke awamiselwa ukuba abuye. Ndigqibile ukubhala umbongo wakhe yena e Ravenna, apho amandla sixeko, waza wanikwa yabagula ngengqondo. Ngehlobo lowe-1321 indalo wabe Aligeri 'Divine Comedy "kwagqitywa, kwaye ngoSeptemba 14 nyaka, isixeko bamngcwaba buchopho.

Ukufa ukholo ephupheni

De kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe imbongi yakholwa ngoxolo ezweni lokuzalwa kwakhe. Ubizo waphila. Ngenxa yakhe, waya Venice, nto leyo wayelungiselela ukuhlaselwa ngumkhosi ku Ravenna. Wabe wayefuna ngenene ukuqinisekisa neenkokeli kwiriphabliki eAdriya ukuba kukulahlela imfazwe.

Kodwa lo hambo kuphela azizange iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo, kodwa yaba yingozi ukuba imbongi. Endleleni ebuyela, kwakukho ummandla ichibi Amathafa apho "omiweyo" bane iindawo ezinjalo - imalariya. Ukuba unobangela ukutshatyalaliswa iintsuku ezimbalwa imikhosi imbongi, nicked, ukusebenza nzima kakhulu. Yaphela kanjalo ubomi wabe Aligeri.

Kwaba kuphela emva kwamashumi ambalwa Florence wayesazi ngubani na ilahleke ebusweni wabe. Urhulumente wayefuna ukuba pick up iintsalela wembongi ukusuka kummandla Ravenna. isidumbu sakhe imini ngoku kude kwilizwe lakhe, yanto, ugwetyiwe, kodwa yena unyana kakhulu abazinikeleyo.