Vladimir Monomakh: biography. Uphawu Vladimira Monomaha, imisebenzi

Prince Vladimir Monomakh waba ngumlawuli kwimbali Russian ngubani ngokuzithandela wanikela phezulu amandla amaninzi kakhulu. Layo, wabonwa kwenye ngonyaka amawaka mahlanu wesibini-. umgaqo Life ngayo ukulondoloza uzuko wooyise. Yaye ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe Yayi ngamaxhesha kuba Kievan Rus.

Imisebenzi Vladimir Monomakh obaluleke gqitha eRashiya, yaye ukufumana into efana oku kunzima kakhulu kwimbali. Ezama ukwenza eyona, ukuba baphalaze igazi ngaphantsi usindise ubomi amanye amaKristu. Khusela ilizwe labo kwaye ngexesha elinye ukulungele ukungena kwizivumelwano, ukuba oko kunokwenzeka.

Eyaziwa ngokuba ngesigqubuthelo onobungangamsha

Great Vladimir Monomah! Biography of nabazana naye, asingabo bonke; kodwa igama yaziwa wonke umfundi. Makubulelwe ngenxenye kwisifundo kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Ezinoboya-igcwele isithsaba segolide ezihonjiswe ngeerubhi kunye iikarbhunkolo, edume yonke impahla kakumkani - isivalo Monomakh.

Ngokutsho legend, le isithsaba zizityebi loMlawuli Constantine Monomakh wathumela umzukulwana wakhe Vladimir, ukubonisa ukuqhubeka nabalawuli bakarhulumente Russian. Kwaye nabani na umzobo Vladimir Monomakh wayesoloko zimelwe naye kule ngesigqubuthelo dumeke. Kodwa ukuba kubi artists! Emva koko, nesithsaba abade wobukhosi ezandleni akazange abambe, nabathetheli Russian wayibeka phezu kwentloko yakhe, amakhulu amane kuphela kamva.

zalo angaqondakali Byzantine

Enye into edumileyo, isikhulu, yaba twisiseka medallion-coil. Kwicala elinye - umfanekiso Arhangela Mihaila, kunye nezinye - entloko engqongwe ziinyoka. Akukho mntu waziyo ukuba isikhulu wazifumana le wasemzini medallion, kodwa noVladimir akazange uphuphu kunye naye.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe izazinzulu imibhalo abashiya kule ikhubalo inkosi ezingaziwayo. Omnye wabo - oku umthandazo, kodwa enye iseti mbali ngxi. Ukupela zamaGrike zamandulo, nto leyo wadlala indima. Ziziphi izinto eyanceda Monomakh mabophe engaqhelekanga kwi medallion baseByzantium? Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, Byzantium wadlala indima enkulu kubomi kwenene

Izinyanya yomphathi enkulu

Kwicala likanina uyisemkhulu unina wakhe yaba aseByzantium uMlawuli uConstantine Monomakh. Kuyinto isiteketiso, kuthetha in translation "edinoborets" kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba thunywa kwezopolitiko engundoqo umthetheli omkhulu, Russian, nto leyo eya kwenza ukuba kubekho imisebenzi Vladimir Monomakh. Wathabatha igama utatomkhulu wakhe kunye enxibe ubomi bakhe. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni nenyaniso yokuba aura kwemfundo yaseByzantium, indlela yokucinga, izithethe njalo njalo - konke oku kuyinxalenye ngobomi bakhe.

Imiba igazi edlalwe bayahlelwa Prince indima enkulu. uyisemkhulu ukusuka unina Constantine eyaziyo, ngokutsho umkhumbuzi yamandulo, lilize ukuba bamxhase kwizifundo zakhe. Esi sipho, ngasendleleni, yena ngokwakhe Prince Vladimir Monomakh. Wayenomsebenzi uthando abantu bokwenene bakaThixo. Ngokutsho uyise-mkhulu wakhe naye Yaroslav Mudry. Kwabonakala ukuba konke ukutyeba iimpawu eli sebe yentsapho - ukunxanelwa ulwazi, uhlalutyo ingqondo ongenalusini awasukela, ukuba uwugcine umyalelo - ejolise umlinganiswa abatsha umthetheli.

Uyise wentombi Prince Vladimir

Sinokuthi eYurophu Asia ziye yabiwe Monomakh best. Kodwa akukho ngaphantsi wayenempebelelo nguyise wakhe, Vsevolod Yaroslavovich. Wayesazi iilwimi ezintlanu yaye enye yamadoda sifunde kakhulu ixesha. Ukususela kwiminyaka esixhenxe uyise wobulali prince aselula amaphulo amaninzi kunye amadabi.

isibindi wafunda nzima nomonde, Vladimir Monomakh. Biography of Prince uxelela izibakala ekubeni eneminyaka ezilishumi elinantathu, wayiqhubela namagorha akhe, yaye fiefdom yakhe - Rostov. Ke nangoku ke ESmolensk, Chernigov yaye kusekho nezinye iidolophu ezincinane.

Monomakh wayedla ukunyamezela ngokululama bajonga iingxaki kunye nobunzima. Kodwa iqhawe abanezakhono ngokwenene wenza ekuzingeleni kwakhe. Driving kuloo entlango, ngokwesithethe, Wabamba ezininzi zasendle zamahashe azibopha kunye wamzalela ngezandla. ke kwakukho eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokwakha nesibindi, né, amandla kunye nesantya yokusabela.

Qala umsebenzi omdala ngamaxesha obunzima

Lelo cebo ezihambe kwiminyaka yokuqala ukuzingelwa, xa kwasondeza wawagxotha neenkomo nommandla wayo, yaye kamva Monomakh iya kuba isixhobo iphambili nxamnye notshaba yingozi ngakumbi. Vladimir Monomakh, ibhodi kuzo kwixesha elinzima kakhulu, waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe omdala njengokuba ngokuqhubekekayo uxinzelelo esiya iRussia mbuya.

Kwaye ekuqaleni wokututa nganye kwalandelwa ilishwa Russia kunye ngokoyiswa iinkosana Russian. Ngokuqinisekileyo Kwakukho abathile impumelelo, kodwa ngokubanzi ukuyeka lo monakalo abakwazanga. Kwaye ke isimilo Vladimir waye ezazakhiwe ngeli thuba. Imfazwe kunye Polovtsy, ngubani wathabatha intsimi enkulu emathafeni ukusuka iDanube ukuya Irtysh, namathole Vladimir II ingqalelo msebenzi wakhe uphambili.

Lokufakwa baseYerusalem, okanye amava losapho European

Ngeli xesha eYurophu, sele kubanjwe yenkolo yokuqala, leyo baphela ngokuthinjwa kweYerusalem kunye nokusekwa lamaKristu ithi kuMbindi Mpuma. Kweli phulo ababandakanyekayo owayengumza Vladimir - Bala Gugo Vermandua. Kwaye Vladimir ligqibe ekubeni basebenzise amava yentsapho yaseYurophu.

He kakhulu waphefumlelwa yokusebenza Crusaders. Kwaye ke inkalo ephambili Vladimira Monomaha uthi ubomi bakhe bonke yabalasela kumzabalazo. Wayibopha wonke umlo kodwa umnqweno akwanelanga. Apha kwakhona iqhinga luncedo ukuba inkosana abaselula ngexesha zokuzingela ihashe. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqhuba utshaba, njenge irhamncwa lasendle kwindawo yayo.

Vladimir Monomakh. Biography penny

Monomakh wayengumntu wokuqala ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinanye kwaye isiqalo yeshumi wafudukela zilwe amaqhinga ezahlukeneyo - kuhlaselwa emathafeni. Kwaye ukuba kukho umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi amadabi ezindala kunye iingxabano abonisa Vladimir: yiya kwi emathafeni ngu ephila, ngokuthatha umlo ukuya edolophini neengqili loonothwal, apho ndide ndiwufeze kubo ndawo.

Yiyo le ndlela intsha ke uphawu Vladimir Monomakh, nto leyo ebonisa isipho yakhe enkulu njenge nomphathi. Yena, ukuba yinkosana kuphela Pereyaslavl, bahlanganisana phantsi kumaqela yayo Nebhanile kulo lonke eRashiya. igunya lakhe kweli xesha yandincedayo phezulu kakhulu ukuba uninzi Kiev kwirhuluneli. Abachasi ekuvunyelwene amabini anesixhenxe ka-Matshi, iwaka elinamakhulu ngomnyaka weshumi elinamnye solnice River, isebe i-Don.

Oyalele ukoyiswa le mbuya

Ezo lahluleka ngokungagungqiyo imikhosi Russian emathafeni wayengazi. Malunga namawaka alishumi Polovtsian batshabalala phezu edabini. Iindaba kwephulo ukoyisa emathafeni ethengiswa ehlabathini lonke. Vladimir Monomakh lilawula phantse nzima.

Njengoko sisazi ukuba bonke belizwe baba aliphelelanga, Kievan Rus yaphela, kwaye urhulumente Old Russian yaphela, luhlanganisa kunye kakhulu mhle ulawule phantse yonke indawo Kievan Rus zonke ezi imikhosi.

umzalwana Oleg, okanye ukubulawa, unyana wakhe

Mbuya akayi kungekudala bangagxothwa kumazwe Russian, kodwa Vladimir wenza endleleni eya olu uloyiso linyathelo elikhulu. Kwenzeka njani ke, lo mkhosi mkhulu Russian? Imbali Vladimir Monomakh akayigcina inkcazo ichanekile ngenkangeleko yakhe. mbali zonke inomfanekiso Monomakh wakhe. Ndazi nto-nye: yena aa ri murhangeri obungqongqo, nobuStoyike, olumkileyo, ukhaliphe.

Kodwa ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuthatha itrone Kiev Prince ngumthetho abakwazanga. Ngapha koko, amandla ngokwaseburhulumenteni, ngokutsho imigaqo yolandelelwano, wachaza utatomkhulu wakhe Yaroslav Izazi, hayi selephumile kuyise unyana kunye omdala entsatsheni. A umthetho Monomakh kubaluleke. Kungenxa yoko le nto ulawulo Vladimir Monomakh e Chernigov ngaphantsi umnini tikiti, nangona waba ngukumkani khona iminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu.

IBhodi uthumela nomzala wakhe Oleg. Kwaye umfazi kunye nabantwana Vladimira Monomaha, kakade, kunye Prince ngokwakhe, ukushiya umhlaba wookhokho babo. Kamva Oleg kuhlaselwa Moore kunye woxhela wakhe nonyana Vladimir. Ukwalelwa imfazwe fratricidal kwakubaluleke ngaphezu intlungu zobuqu ziviwa Vladimir Monomakh. ngobomi bakhe uthi ubomi bakhe bonke yokuba ebelwile kuphela kwiintshaba angaphandle, kunye nokubulawa izalamane kuthathwa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Nantso indlela esazi ngayo umthetho.

Ukufa Prince Vsevolod

Monomakh akazange wamngcatshayo imigaqo yakhe. Yena phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko abayifumani babandakanyeke imfazwe yamakhaya. Weshumi Aprili eliwaka neminyaka asithoba-emithathu ubudala uyise wafa, Vladimir, eKiev Prince Vsevolod, yaye kuye kwafuneka ithuba lokuba athathe ilifa itrone yokuqala eRashiya. Waba lidumile phakathi kwabantu, kuhlonelwa nabathetheli - kuba abantu Kiev baye bacela ukuba ukuthatha indawo kayise. Kodwa kwakhona wala, kuba wayeqinisekile ukuba itrone kufuneka kudlule ngumthetho. Ke umlawuli yaba ngulowo bekufanele yezikhundla - umzala Svyatopolk.

Ngokwembali, abalawuli kuphela nje ezimbalwa, ngubani ngokuzithandela wabanika igunya. Lo mlawuli waseRoma uDiocletian noLukiyo Cincinnatus. Kodwa Vladimir Monomakh kuphela onike igunya kuphela ngenxa yokuba ingqalelo yena umlawuli ongekho yena. Kwaye ukuba igunya lakhe kwintsapho umthetheli yaye zonke izikhulu Old Russian. Vladimir nto wakha wayaphula. Uye usoloko ngqo imigaqo, kude kuse ezibi ngokwabo.

Ekugqibeleni phezu kwetrone

Kodwa ke umthetheli Monomakh, ngubani ngathi omiselwe soze ube etroneni of Kiev, ekugqibeleni kuthatha. Ngexesha lokulawula kuthatha eziliqela izenzo zomthetho yokwehlisa eziyolweni zentlalo. Le yenye yempumelelo wakhe omkhulu. Xa begqiba etroneni eziphambili Russia, uVladimir akazange ashiye amaphulo emkhosini. Nekhulu kunyaka weshumi elinesithandathu kumthetheli yaqalisa imfazwe nxamnye uBukhosi baseByzantium. Kunye enempi enkulu, waya iDanube, kunye lecala eliphikisayo wakhawuleza ukuze kulungiswe ihlabathi wobudlelwane.

Rus Monomakh isebenza waba namandla, yaye oku kwafuneka kuqwalaselwa ehlabathini lonke. E Kiev wathunyelwa ukuya wozakuzo kunye nezipho etyebileyo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho izinto iimpahla mikhosi, yaza ke ngoko kwabakho lamandulo malunga umnqwazi odumileyo Monomakh. Russ eyafunyanwa umntu Vladimir nomkhuseli wakhe nomsindisi. Nguye lowo wabonisa ukuba ukhuseleko kuyimfuneko ukumisa zonke iingxabano zangaphakathi bayamanyana. Makubulelwe nkqubo emkhosini ngokwezizwe zayo Polovtsian wehla evela imida Russian.