Ongxowankulu nabalimi - umaleko entsha kwilali

abalimi zongxowankulu - abavelisi bezolimo owathi, ukongeza kwimisebenzi yayo engundoqo kwicandelo lezolimo, naye imali kurhwebo noshishino. Le meko kakhulu umdla kwaye etyhila ngengqiqo ukuba ubudlelwane nkulu yavela ngengozi kwindawo yokuqala kweso sixeko kunye ilali, njengoko umthetho, wahlala kumbindi yonxulumano kwezolimo. Ngoko ke, kwii lweziqalelo yezoqoqosho ezintsha phakathi abalimi kububungqina umgangatho ophezulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwabo.

definition

abalimi zongxowankulu - oku kubaluleke inwebu olutsha uluntu zavela kule khosi yokuzahlula zebakala kule khosi lophuhliso mveliso. Kumazwe Western aseYurophu, baye bavele phambi kwilizwe lethu, njengoko inkqubo yelizwekazi kwempahla kunye ezithile ngokwezinga yaba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu eluntwini Russian. Ukuchaza le ngcamango kubonisa iphambili uphawu amaqela kwezi kwezentlalo: ukufumaneka kwemali eyinkunzi, banalo ilungelo imali ezahlukeneyo mveliso.

ngumba

abalimi zongxowankulu - udidi yavela ngenxa ukuyilwa umyalelo omtsha kwezoqoqosho. Kumazwe aseYurophu, ngasekhaya wokucinywa okanye ngokwayo shwaka serfdom, kuba Kyea kuphuhliso lwamashisini, urhwebo, kuthintele ukuyilwa yabasebenzi simahla kunye nakwiimalike zengqesho. Ekuqaleni nabantu zasezidolophini ungenise umendo yamaphephandaba yophuhliso, kuba ngumzi ezithe zaqatsela ubudlelwane ezintsha zentlalo-qoqosho. Njengoko ukuphuhlisa ukusasaza izinto ezintsha sichaphazele kwilali, apho ndaqalisa ukuphuhlisa ukujikeleza zorhwebo kunye yorhwebo-mali, ebe iyimfuneko yokuqala ukuvela kwale maleko.

iimpawu

abalimi zongxowankulu - uhlobo olukhethekile olunabantu inxaxheba kwinkqubo kukwanda kweefektri okukhawulezileyo kwemveliso mveliso. Noko ke, iimpawu zabo kwi iwonga, ngoko entlanganweni. Le yokugqibela yaba yokuba kaninzi baba bantu elihloniphekileyo, uhlobo lwezinto ezintsha yezikhulu kunye noohlohlesakhe, esebenza egameni labo kuyilo imicimbi zorhwebo kunye zomthetho ezahlukahlukeneyo. Nguwo lo ke umahluko phakathi kwabo kunye noohlohlesakhe ngokwayo, apho lalibukele ezo ntloko zinkulu, eziye imali kwimveliso, ukuba abanini-mveliso, izityalo, imizi-mveliso kunye njalo njalo. Noko ke, ukuze uqonde ngamafama kongxowankulu, njengoko kuchaziwe kukwaquka yokuba, efana ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba enkulu, benza ngayo imveliso, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba imali esifakwa ejikeleza, kwaye babenakho inzuzo . Nangona kunjalo, lo maleko iqala indlela kophuhliso kunye Ukwakheka kuxolelaniso.

in Russia

ilizwe lethu liye ungenise umendo uphuhliso lwamashishini kunye mveliso ngenkulungwane ye-18. Noko ke, kule nkulungwane zisekho nanamhla serfdom, leyo ushiye uphawu yayo phezu kolu didi kubemi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo into yokuba ngelo xesha eziphathekayo, i-emphaya yaba lilizwe kwezolimo, kwaye oko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba ngubani abalimi ngoongxowankulu. Inkcazo lo gama ngokunxulumene Russia bokuqonda yayo. Ngokuba ebuninzini capitalism lethu kwilizwe iyaphuhliswa inxaxheba kurhulumente, apho kudla lisebenza umqalisi sendalo kwamashishini amakhulu umnikazi wazo, ngale ndlela entsha yokuphila iye yafumana iimpawu ezithile. Yavele ngexesha apho kwakukho yaye mhlawumbi olunempumelelo serfdom, leyo, Kakade ke, amaphulo zoshishino abambalwa kakhulu labucala kunye nemarike ndathintelwa ukuvela labour yomvuzo kunye nabasebenzi free.

umsebenzi

Kuyimfuneko ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo awohluke lophuhliso loqoqosho eRashiya ukuze aqonde ukuba abalimi ngoongxowankulu. Ukumiselwa yembali kukuba abantu baba ithuba lokuba babe nemali kwaye uyizalise kwimveliso. Kwilizwe lethu, bona ikakhulu abamele iimfuno kwabanini, obegalelwe egameni nokwenza zoshishino. Nakuba kunjalo, kaninzi baye abanayo imali yabo (ukusuka 50 ukuya 120 lamawaka), nto leyo ityalwe-mveliso, mveliso kunye mveliso. Ngamanye amaxesha abalimi Nditsho abanini inkulu, ezifana iinqanawa okanye amashishini lonke, ngoxa ngamakhoboka.

Kwakhona ziquka iihotele, iindawo zokutyela, zokulala, wenza abasakhasayo urhwebo. umsebenzi iye kakhulu lubangelwe ngengqibo uCatherine II ngomhla ukusekwa ngaphandle zonke iindidi zamashishini mveliso. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi inzuzo umnini-mhlaba, nto leyo iba nefuthe elibi Ukukhula kobungxowankulu kwilizwe lethu, ethintela kulahlwa ngaphandle eyinkunzi kunye nabasebenzi. Ngoko, igama elithi "-capitalists amafama" ngokunxulumene kwimbali Russian uneempawu zawo.