Uxanduva lokubhengezwa kolwazi lomntu siqu lulawulo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho. UMthetho weRussia weRussia Federation ka-Julayi 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ "KwiiNkcukacha Zomntu"

Umthetho we-Federal "kwi-Personal Data" ulawula ubudlelwane obunxulumene nokucwangciswa kwedatha yomuntu siqu yezifundo ezenziwa ngabaphathi bamarhulumente, amagosa karhulumente karhulumente kunye namanye amabhunga, izixhobo zomzimba kunye nezomthetho, usebenzisa izixhobo ezizenzekelayo okanye ngaphandle kwazo, ukuba imisebenzi iyahambelana nobume bezenzo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Injongo yesenzo esiqhelekileyo kukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kweminqweno, inkululeko kunye namalungelo oluntu, ukungahambi kakuhle kwempilo yakhe yangasese kunye neemfihlo zeentsapho. Masiqhubeke siqwalasela ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zezijeziso zoMthetho we-Federal "kwi-Personal Data".

Ulwazi jikelele

Isiqendu 24 152-FZ sakha ngokukhawuleza iintlobo ezinokuthi izijeziso ezichaphazelekayo zisebenzisana nabaphulaphuli bemfuneko. Izigwebo zenziwa phambi kobutyala bezifundo. Iimiselo zakha ulawulo lomsebenzi, olujongene nolawulo lokubhengezwa kweenkcukacha zomntu, kunye nokuhlawulwa kweKhowudi yePalato kunye ne-TC.

CAO

Uxanduva lokubhengezwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu lunokwenzeka ngamanqaku amaninzi eMigaqo. Phakathi kwabo kubalulekile ukuphawula oku kulandelayo:

1. 13.11 - Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenkqubo yokuqokelela, ukugcinwa, ukusasazwa okanye ukusebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenwe ngabemi, olusekwe yimithetho.
2. 13.12 - ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imithetho yokukhusela idatha.
3. 13.13 - imisebenzi engekho mthethweni kwindawo yokukhuselwa kolwazi lomntu.
4. 13.14 - ukudalulwa kweenkcukacha ngokufikelela ngokukhawuleza.

Sohlwaywa

Ukuchithwa kwenkqubo echanekileyo yokuqokelela, ukugcinwa, ukusasazwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kolwazi lomntu malunga nabemi ngokucacileyo kubonisa imfuneko yokuthobela imimiselo yomthetho wesigqeba esisigxina. Ngokuhambelana noBugcisa. 13.11 yeKhowudi yoTyala lokuLawula, abantu abanetyala bafumana isilumkiso okanye intlawulo. Ubungakanani bayo:

• Kubantu ngabanye - ama-ruble ama-300-500;
• Amashishini omthetho - ama-ruble ama-5-10 amawaka;
• Kubaqeshwa - ama-ruble ama-500-1000.

Ukuchithwa kwemithetho yokukhusela idatha

Kubugcisa. 13.12 I-Code of Administrative Offenses ichaza iimpawu ezigunyazisiweyo, phambi kokuba kukho uxanduva lokubhengezwa kwedatha yakho. Le miqathango ichaza ukubunjwa kwabangalunganga abawela phantsi kwesiqhelo esicacisiwe. Iinkalo ezinjalo ezigunyazayo ziquka:

1. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela okanye ukuphulwa okukhulu kweemeko ezisungulwe kwilayisenisi ukuqhuba imisebenzi kwimida yokhuseleko lwengcaciso, ngaphandle kolwazi oluyimfihlo karhulumente. Le meko ibonisa ukufumana imvume yokuqhuba imisebenzi efanelekileyo. Ukuba le ngxelo ayifumaneki, akukho ziphumo zephulaphulo. Xa kwenzeka ukuphulwa okanye ukungazalisekanga kweemeko zelayisenisi, ifumaneka ihlawuliso. Ixabiso layo li: abantu ngabanye - ama-ruble angama-300-500. Kubasebenzi - i-ruble 500-1000.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kweenkcukacha ezingabonakaliyo kunye neebhanki zokugcina ulwazi, iinkqubo zolwazi, iindlela zokukhusela, ukuba iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zibonelelwa ngumthetho. Isihlomelo esilandelayo sokubhengezwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu sisungulwe: kubemi-500-1000 rubles, kubaqeshwa - i-ruble ye-1-2, kwimibutho - i-ruble eyi-10-20 lamawaka. Ukongezelela, iindlela zokungqiniswanga ezingaqinisekisiweyo zingathathwa kwiinkampani zomzimba kunye nezomthetho.

TC

Ngokuhambelana neSigatshana sama-85 seKhowudi, ulwazi lomntu siqu lomqeshwa lulwazi oluyimfuneko kumqeshi malunga nolwalamano lwengqesho, kwaye lubhekiselele ngqo kumqeshwa othile. Xa umqeshwa omtsha efunyenwe, intloko mayixelele ngenjongo yokuba icela ulwazi lomntu kunye nobume bayo. Ukongezelela, umqeshwa uxwayiswa ngemiphumo yokwenqaba ukunika imvume (ngokubhaliweyo) ukubonelela ngolwazi. Ngelo xesha, umqeshi akavumelekanga ukufumana nokucwangcisa ulwazi malunga nenkolo yakhe, yezopolitiko kunye nezinye iinkolelo, ubulungu kwimibutho yoluntu, imisebenzi yemanyano yabasebenzi kunye nobomi bodwa. Uxanduva lokubhengezwa kweenkcukacha zedatha kubonelelwe ngokuyinhloko kwentloko ye shishini. Ukongezelela, izigwebo ziye zamiselwa abantu abanoxanduva loshishino. Ingakumbi, ngaba ngabasebenzi abaqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwengcaciso, ngokuhambelana nesivumelwano somsebenzi okanye inkcazo yomsebenzi. Kubasebenzi abanjalo, umqeshi angafaka isicelo sohlwaywa kwezoluleko ezibekwe yiCandelo le-192 le-LC. Ngokukodwa, ezi zihlomelo zilandelayo zisekwa: ukuxothwa, ukugxekwa, ukuqwalaselwa. Ukongezelela, inhloko inelungelo lokunqumla isivumelwano kunye nomqeshwa osasazelelane nomsebenzi okhuselweyo ngu-152-FZ, owaziwayo ngenxa yokusebenza kwakhe.

GK

I-Code Civil inqaku le-946 lilungiselela uxanduva lokuphulaphula ngokubhekiselele kwi-"yomshuwalense". Ngokukodwa, kufumaneka ukuba ummeli uyamoyika. Inhlangano ayinalo ilungelo lokusabalalisa ulwazi olufunyenwe yiyo ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yezobugcisa. Oku kusebenza ngolwazi malunga nomxhamli, umntu okhuselekile, kubandakanywa nesimo sezempilo sabasebenzi, kunye nesimo sepropati yabo. Uxanduva lokubhengezwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu lwenzeka ngokuxhomekeka kwimihlobo yamalungelo aphulwayo, uhlobo lokuphulwa. Ukuhlwaywa kwenzeka ngokuhambelana nemimiselo ngendlela kunye nakwiimeko ezinikezelwe kubo, kunye nakwiimeko kunye nendlela ekuphunyezweni ngayo iindlela zokukhusela iimfuno zommi zivela kwizinto ezisemgangathweni lelungelo elingenakwenzekayo apho kuhlaselwa khona kunye nemeko yemiphumo yesenzo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umgaqo walo mgaqo awukwazi kakhulu.

CC

Uxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho lokubhengezwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu luchazwe kumsebenzi. 137. Ngokuhambelana nesiqhelo, isigwebo senziwa ngenxa yokuphula umthetho wobumfihlo bommi, kuboniswe kwingqokelela okanye ekusasazweni kolwazi oluyimfihlo yakhe, okanye ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. Uxanduva lokubhengezwa kweenkcukacha zomntu kwiSiqendu 137 lukwimeko yokubhengezwa kolwazi kwintetho kawonkewonke, xa kubonisa umsebenzi, kunye nakumajelo. Umntu onetyala ubhekene nesohlwayo sokuhlaselwa kwi-ruble yamawaka angama-200, ejele iminyaka engama-2. Ukuba ezi zenzo zenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwesigqeba, isigwebo siya kugxininiswa. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuvalelwa entolongweni kunokufikelela kwiminyaka emine.

Iinkcazo

Ngokutsho komGaqo-siseko, wonke umntu unelungelo lokungenakudla ubomi bakhe abucala, iintsapho kunye neemfihlo zakhe, ukukhuselwa kwegama elihle kunye nodumo. Akukho kuvunyelwa ukuqokelela, ukugcina nokuchaza ulwazi lomntu ngaphandle kwemvume yommi. Lo thintelo luqinisekisa ubomi bomntu wabucala. Kuqondwa njengolu hlobo lomsebenzi obalulekileyo, ochaphazelekayo kuphela ngumntu othile kwaye akalawulwa ngummandla kunye noluntu, ukuba kuvumelekile. Ulwaphulo-mthetho oluwela phantsi kweCandelo lama-137 leNkqubo yeNyala-mthetho libhekiselele kwicala elijoliswe kuyo ngezenzo ezisebenzayo. Kuboniswe kwingqokelela yolwazi oluphathelele kwintsapho, imfihlo yomuntu, ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe, ukusasazwa kwabo ngaphandle kwemvume, kunye nokuveliswa kwabo kuluntu, oko kukuthi, ukudalulwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu kubantu besithathu.

Ukuchaneka kweZenzo

Ukusabalalisa, ngentsingiselo yobuGcisa. 137 kwiCandelo loPhulo-mthetho, kuthathwa njengento engekho mthethweni okanye ngaphandle kwemvume yommi ukuzisa ulwazi ngqalelo kwisifundo esinye. Indlela yokubhengezwa ayichaphazeli isiqinisekiso. Ukusasazwa kolwazi kwintetho kawonkewonke kubandakanya ukuzisa ulwazi kubaphulaphuli abangapheliyo. Ukubhengezwa kolwazi kumsebenzi wokubonisa kubandakanya ukufakwa kwedatha kumxholo wayo. Ngaphantsi kweendaba ziyakwazi ukupapashwa kwexesha lokuprintwa, uhlobo lwevidiyo, ithelevishini, i-radiyo, iindaba zeendaba, njl. Kwimeko apho uxanduva lusekwe ngamanye amanqaku e-Criminal Code, ulwaphulo-mthetho lufanelekile ngokomgaqo othethekileyo, ngokwe-Art. 17, inxalenye yesi-3 yeKhowudi. Ngokomzekelo, le ndlela ukuhanjiswa kwengcaciso malunga nokufihlakelelwa kwamkelwa kuyabonwa. Ukuba ulwazi lufakwe kolunye uxwebhu, lukhuselwe ngumthetho, ngoko ukuchazwa kolwazi kuyafaneleka ngokusetyenzwa kwemithetho. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhanjiswa kolwazi malunga nophando lophambili luhlolwe phantsi kwinqununu 137 ne-310 yeCandelo loPhulo-mthetho.

Isiphelo

Idatha yomuntu siqu ibhekisela kwingcaciso ekhuselwe ngumthetho. Okokuqala, ukhuseleko luqinisekiswa nguMgaqo-siseko obugcisa. 23. Eli lungiselelo lichaziwe kuMthetho weNombolo No. 152. Ngokukodwa, iinkcukacha zomgaqo-siseko ziphunyezwe kwi-Art. 24 yesenzo esiqhelekileyo. Ichaza iintlobo zemfanelo apho umntu ophula imfihlo yolwazi lomntu siqu angabandakanyeka. Isihlwayo esincinci kakhulu sisungulwe yiKhowudi yoLawulo kunye ne-TC. Umenzi wobubi osasaza ulwazi malunga nommi uya kuqeqesha okanye ahlawulwe. Okwangoku, ixhoba linelungelo lokufakela ibango lombango. Ukudalulwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu kuya kugwetywa phantsi kweCandelo loPhulo-mthetho. Kule meko, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yokuphula umthetho, umenzi wobubi unokulahlekelwa yinkululeko. Awuyi kuhlwaywa kwaye abo bathengisa ulwazi lomntu siqu, basebenzisa isikhundla esisemthethweni. Kubo, isijeziso siya kugonywa. Ngokumalunga nokukhuselwa enkundleni, imimiselo inika ilungelo lommi ukuba ufake ifom ye-intlanganiso yangasese. Ibango lingabandakanya ibango lokulimala kokuziphatha, ukuba, ngenxa yokusasazwa kolwazi, ummi uye wafumana ubunzima bokuziphatha. Isicelo senziwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno zeCCP. Ummangali uya kufuneka anike ubungqina ekuxhaseni amabango akhe.