Yintoni ubukhosi? Imizekelo evela kwimbali

Namhlanje siya kuzama ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ubukhosi. Eli gama lisoloko lisetyenziswe kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, kodwa lalinentsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwakhona qwa lasele imizekelo yemibuso eyayikhona kwilizwe lethu.

Ezinye iigama

Ngokuqhelekileyo namhlanje eli gama lisetyenziswe ngentsingiselo engokomfuziselo. Iyintoni ubukhosi bomntu wanamhlanje? Liyi-dominant monopoly elawula lonke iicandelo lolunye uhlobo lomsebenzi. Iyalula imithetho yayo, ibeka amanani ayo, kunye nabaphiswano, njengoko besithi, bayitshabalalise. Kukho imizekelo emininzi: umbuso wephephandaba, ubukhosi behotele, ubukhosi kwihlabathi lezemidlalo.

Ubani ubukhosi bama-mbali? Le nhlangano yezopolitiko, i-super-state, equka abantu abahlukeneyo, amazwe, uluntu. Bunyene mhlawumbi ngoonqulo, okanye kwiingcamango, okanye ngeempawu zentlanga, okanye ngoqoqosho, okanye ngamandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulawulo olunjalo lwaluquka iikholoni.

Unesixeko esiyinhloko - esibizwa ngokuba yinkunzi yombuso, apho inkosi, ebizwa ngokuba ngukumkani, ihlala. Kwizandla zonke amandla akhe agxininisekile, uyazixazulula ngokuzimeleyo yonke imibuzo malunga nemfazwe noxolo, malunga nobomi nokufa kwabafundi bakhe, ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezinamandla ezinobulungisa.

Iintlobo zobukhosi

Ngoko, yintoni ubukhosi esiye sacinga, ngoku sizakuzama ukufumana ukuba zeziphi iintlobo.

• Umdala: IYiputa, iPersi, iRoma, iCelestial, njl.
• UbuKoloni: iSpanish, iBritish, isiFrentshi, isiDatshi. Lawa ngamashishini karhulumente aphakanyiswe ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwamanye amazwe ngamanye amazwe. Iziko labo laliyi-metropolis, kwaye ulawulo lwaluqine kakhulu.
• Imveli: isiJamani, isiTurkey, isi-Austro-isiHungary, isiRashiya, isiJapan. Ezi ziinkalo zombuso wee-multi-level zendawo enezoqoqosho, umkhosi, isikhungo sendawo.

Ngaphakathi kwekhulu lemashumi mabini, phantse yonke imibuso eyayikho ehlabathini ikwahlukana ngamazwe ahlukeneyo, okanye ishintshe impawu yazo.

UBukumkani Oyingcwele baseRoma

Nguye umbuso obalaseleyo kunamaxesha onke kunye nabantu, abanempahla yabo eninzi kwiYurophu, eMiddle East nakwiNyakatho Afrika. Ukuqala kwayo kwakuyiRiphabhliki yaseRoma, kwaye ixesha lixesha lichongwa lixesha elivela kwi-27 iminyaka BC. E. I-476 g. Ngaphambi kokuwa kwayo, yahlula kwiindawo zaseNtshona nakumaMpuma. I-Western inqabile ukuba ibe khona kungekudala, iMpuma enye, kunye neziko layo eConstantinople, yahlala enye iwaka leminyaka.

Ilifa lezemfundo karhulumente alikwazi ukuxhaswa. Abalawuli bombuso bakha imizi engamakhulu, izakhiwo zakha kunye namanzi. AmaRoma azisa ekukhanyeni "iingqiqo", "ubulungisa", "inkundla", badala umkhosi omkhulu kwaye ongenakukhunjulwa apho uqeqesho olubuhlungu lulawulwa khona. Ilifa lakhe lemfazwe lisaqhelekanga. Kwaye akukho nto ichaphazela ngayo ubugcisa kunye nophuhliso lwayo ngokubanzi-kubonakala. Kuze kube ngoku, isiXeko esingunaphakade siyinkokheli yobuKristu - iVatican.

Ubukhosi baseByzantine, imibuso emibili yaseFransi, ekhokelwa yiNapoleon yokuqala kunye neNapoleon III, eJamani ebunzini kunye noBismarck noHitler, bathi iindlalifa zegunya eliye lalingama-grandiose, lathi igama likaMperor Mussolini. I-Third Rome Ivan i-Terrible yamemezela eMoscow isebenzisa i-Byzantine regalia.

Isibonakaliso esingabonakaliyo samandla kwakukho ukhozi lwegolide, umbutho wefestile ngokwawo wawungekhoyo. Kwakukho amabhanti kuphela asetyenziswa yimikhosi.

Ubukhosi baseBrithani

Kubhekwa njengowona mkhulu kwintsimi yezo zonke izikumkani ezazikho. Kwakubizwa ngokuba lizwe apho ilanga lingazange libe khona, njengoko impahla yeBritish isithsaba isasazeke kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngokuchanekileyo kwii-coloni ezininzi ukuba ulwimi lwesiNgesi lubophekile ukuba lube ngamazwe ngamazwe.

Kuyamangalisa ukuba isiqithi esincinane se siqithi singayi kuba ngumbuso omkhulu! Kodwa inyaniso ihlala: ukuqala ngekoloniyoni yaseMelika, iNgilani yathatha amazwe e-Australia, e-Afrika, e-Australia nase-Oceania nase-Asia.

Imithetho yombuso yayingenamandla, ngokuqhelekileyo i-monopoly yanyamekela ukuphuhliswa kwamakoloni kunye nezibonelelo. Nangona kunjalo, umkhumbi, imigangatho yomthetho kunye nezoqoqosho ihlelwe ngokwemodeli yaseBrithani. Ngeendlela ezininzi, uqoqosho lusebenza ngenzuzo ye-metropolis.

AmaBritani asebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo umgaqo wamaRoma wokuhlukana kunye namandla, ngoko banokubamba iintolo ezandleni zabo ixesha elide, ngokufanayo balwa nabanye abaphikisana nokulawula kwehlabathi-eFransi, eSpain, eHolland. Bonke abantwana besikolo bayazi iiflegi zombuso: oku kubizwa ngokuba yiY union Jack. Kubukeka njengengubo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokugqithisileyo obomvu kumgca omhlophe kunye nemigca emibini e-oblique ephakanyisiwe komnye nomnye, emhlophe kwaye ebomvu.

Ngokusemthethweni, uBukumkani baseBrithani abupheli ngo-1949, kodwa ngoku kude ku-United Commonwealth, apho yaguqulwa khona, inempembelelo ethile.

Ubukhosi baseRussia

Ukususela kumncinci waseMoscow, kwaye ubukumkani, ubukumkani baseRashiya bukhona ukususela ngo-1721 ukuya ku-1917. Ukuqala kwesi simiso sikarhulumente kwafakwa ngumguquleli omkhulu uPeter Omkhulu, owakha inkunzi enkulu enyakatho. Ukuhlala belwa iimfazwe ukwenzela ukwandiswa kwezinto zabo, isithsaba sakha ngokukhawuleza ubomi kwimimandla ehlala kuyo. Ukwakhiwa kolawulo lwaloo nto, njengokuba kufanelekile, kwilizwe lonke: IPoland, iUkraine, i-Karelia, iIngria, i-Estland, iLibonia, iCrimea, iBelarus, i-Alaska, i-Bessarabia, i-Azerbaijan, i-Georgia ... Ukuphela kwayo kwakuyinguqulelo yeBolshevik eyaziwa ngokuba ngu-Oktobha Revolution. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala into ekhankanyiweyo ngokubuyiselwa kobukumkani kweli lizwe.

Shwa nkathela

Ngoko, siyazi ukuba ubukumkani lizwe elinye eliye lasasaza iimpembelelo zalo kwimihlaba emikhulu. Ukususela nanamhlanje akukho namnye kubo oseleyo, umntu unokutsho ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba ezi zinto zidlulileyo. Ngako oko, ukuzama ukubuyisela nabani na kuyo nayiphi na into yinto ngaphandle kwethemba. Le mpazamo enokuzisa intlungu eninzi kokuqala kunye nomntu wonke.