Utshutshiso lwamanzi? Izizathu zokutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi kwimibhobho

Ukutshitshiswa kwamanzi emipayipi yinto yokuxinzelela ngokukhawuleza. Uhla ludibene nokuguqulwa okubukhali kwixesha lokuhamba kwamanzi. Ukuqhubela phambili, sifunda ngokubanzi iinkcukacha ngendlela ukutshukunyiswa kwamanzi okuqhutyelwa ngayo kwimipayipi.

I mpazamo e phambili

Kucatshulwa ngokugqithisileyo impembelelo ye-hydraulic umphumo wokuzalisa i-liquid nge-super-piston indawo kwindawo yenjini ehambelanayo (ipiston). Ngenxa yoko, i-piston ayifikeli isikhungo esifileyo kwaye iqala ukucima amanzi. Oku, kukhokelela ekukholekeni kweenjini. Ngokukodwa, ukuphula intonga okanye intonga yokudibanisa, ukugqithwa kwee-studs kwintloko ye-cylinder, ukuphulwa kwee-gaskets.

Ukwahlula

Ngokuhambelana nesikhokelo soxinzelelo lwexinzelelo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi kunoku:

• Ezintle. Kule meko, ukunyuswa kwengcinezelo kubangelwa ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kwepompo okanye ukuvala umbhobho.
• Ukungalungi. Kule meko, sithetha ngoxinzelelo lwexinzelelo ngenxa yokuvulwa kwefowuni okanye ipompo.

Ngokuhambelana nexesha lokusasazwa kwomshumbululo kunye nexesha lokugqithwa kwevavve yesango (okanye ezinye iiplavini zokuvala), ngexesha apho ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi kuveliswe kwimibhobho, yahlula phakathi:

• Ulawulo olupheleleyo (olupheleleyo).
• Ngangqiqo (engaphelelanga).

Kwimeko yokuqala, phambi kobuthakathaka obunqambileyo uhamba kwicala elibhekiselele kwisikhokelo sokuqala sokuhamba kwamanzi. Inkqubela eqhubekayo iya kuxhomekeka kwimimiselo yombhobho, ekhoyo phambi kwevinivali evaliweyo. Kungenzeka ukuba phambili komswakama uya kudlula ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye aguqule izikhokelo. Ngempembelelo engaphelelanga yamanzi, ukugeleza kungekhona nje kuphela kunokuqala ukunyuka kwelinye icala, kodwa kwakhona kudlule ngokukhawuleza kwi-valve ukuba ingavalwa kuze kube sekupheleni.

Iziphumo

Into eyingozi kakhulu ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi okutshatyalaliswa kwindlela yokufudumala okanye ukunikezelwa kwamanzi. Ukuba uxinzelelo luya phezulu, umgca ungonakaliswa. Ngokukodwa, ukukhungqa kwexesha elide kubonakala kwimibhobho, leyo eyakhokelela ekuqhekekeni, ukuphulwa kwe-tightness kwiimigodi. Ngenxa yezi mpulelo, izixhobo zokubonelela kwamanzi ziqala ukusilela: ukutshintsha kwezotshani, iimpompo. Kulo mba, ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi kufuneka kuthintelwe okanye kunciphise amandla ayo. Uxinzelelo lwamanzi luba lukhulu ngexesha lokuqhaqhaqhoka kokuhamba xa onke amandla e-kinetic adluliselwa kumsebenzi wokululela iindonga zecandelo eliphambili kwaye ucinezele ikholam ye-liquid.

Uphando

Uvavanyo kunye neengqungquthela zafunda ngolu hlobo ngo-1899. U-Nikolai Zhukovsky. Umphandi wachaza izizathu zokutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi. Le nto ibangelwa kukuba ngexesha lokuvalwa komgca ophezulu, okukuyo ukuhamba kwamanzi, okanye xa ivalwe ngokukhawuleza (xa iseshoni sokugqibela esixhomekeke kumthombo wemithombo yamanzi), utshintsho olukhawuleza kwingcinezelo kunye nokukhawuleza kwamanzi lwakhiwa. Akunjalo ngexesha elilodwa kunye nombhobho. Ukuba kulo mzekelo ukwenza amanyathelo athile, kunokunqunywa ukuba utshintsho kwijubane lwenzeka kwinqanaba kunye nobukhulu, kwaye uxinzelelo - zombini kwinqanaba lokunciphisa nokunyuka ngokumalunga neyokuqala. Konke oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo ye-oscillatory yenzeke kumgca ophezulu. Kubonakaliswe ukuhla kwexesha kunye nokunyuka kwengcinezelo. Le nkqubo yonke ibonakaliswe ukuhamba kwexesha kwaye ibangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe - elastic ngokwawo kunye neendonga ze-tube. UZhukovsky wabonisa ukuba isantya esinokutshatyalaliswa kwevuthayo sihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwi-compressability yamanzi. Ixabiso le-deformation yeendonga zombhobho nayo ibalulekile. Inqunywe yi-modulus ye-elasticity yezinto eziphathekayo. Ijubane lomtshini lixhomekeke kububanzi bombhobho. Uxinzelelo olunzulu oluphezulu alukwazi ukuvela kumgca ogcwele igesi, kuba ixineke kakhulu.

U kuhamba kweNkqubo

Kwiinkqubo zokubonelela kwamanzi, umzekelo, indlu yelizwe, umpompo ophantsi ungasetyenziselwa ukudala uxinzelelo kumbhobho. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-hydraulic kwenzeka xa kushiywa ngokukhawuleza kokusetyenziswa kwamanzi - xa i-crane ivaliwe. Umlambo wamanzi owenza i-traffic ehamba nomgwaqo omkhulu awukwazi ukuyeka ngokukhawuleza. Insika yomlambo, nge-inertia, iyanqumla emanzini "ekupheleni kokufa", okwakhiwa xa i-crane ivaliwe. Ukusuka ekutshitshisweni kwamanzi okudluliselwa kulo mzekelo akulondolozi. Kuphela kuthatha impembelelo ekugqibeleni ngokuvala umpu emva kokuba itompu ivaliwe kwaye uxinzelelo lugqithise ubuninzi bexabiso. Ukuvalwa, kunye nokumisa ukuhamba kwamanzi, akunjalo.

U mzekelo

Kunokwenzeka ukuqwalasela umbhobho kunye nentloko eqhubekayo kunye nokuhamba kombane onjalo, apho ivalve yavalwa ngokukhawuleza okanye ivalve yavalwa ngokukhawuleza. Kwindlela yokunikezela kwamanzi elamanzi, njengomgaqo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi kwenzeka xa isalathisi sesango sokubuya siphakamileyo kunezinga lemanzi esisisigxina (ngamamitha angaphezulu kwe-9 okanye ngaphezulu) okanye inokuvuza, ngelixa i-valve ephakamileyo ephezulu igcina uxinzelelo. Kukho nawuphi na umzekelo, ukukhulelwa okukodwa kuvela. Kuqala ukuqala kwepom, amanzi aphakamileyo aphezulu aya kugcwalisa ukucima. Umbane uhamba kunye ne- valve yokuvavanywa evaliweyo kunye nomlambo ongaphezulu kwawo, kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo luqhube. Ngenxa yoko, ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-hydrostatic kwenzeka. Igalelo nje kuphela ekubunjweni kweentlukwano kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamacandelo. Ukuba ukunyuka kwengcinezelo kwenzeka, ipompo okanye imoto (okanye zombini) yonakaliswe. Le nzekayo inokuvela kwiinkqubo zokuqhuba i-volumetric hydraulic drive, xa i-valol valve isetyenziswa. Xa i-spool ivaliwe ngenye yeendlela zokugaya izifo zamanzi, iinkqubo ezichazwe ngentla ziyavela.

Ukukhuselwa ngokuxhatshazwa kwamanzi

Amandla okuxhoma aya kuxhomekeka ekuhambeni kwexesha ngaphambi nangemva kokuba umgca ogqityiweyo uvaliwe. Ingqongqo ngakumbi, inamandla ngakumbi xa kuthinteka ngokukhawuleza. Ukukhawuleza kokuhamba kwamanzi kuya kuxhomekeka kububanzi bomgca. Inkulu inxalenye yomnqamlezo, ubuthakathaka isisombululo samanzi. Kule nto inokugqitywa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweepayipi ezinkulu kunciphisa ubuncwane bomnatha wamanzi okanye bunciphisa. Enye indlela kukunyusa ubude bombhobho wamanzi okanye ipompo. Ukuze kuqhutywe ukugqithwa ngokuthe ngcembe kombhobho, izixhobo zokucima i-valve ziyasetyenziswa. Ngokukodwa iipompu, iisethi zisetyenziselwa ukuqala ngokulula. Abavumelekanga kuphela ukuba baphephe inyundo yamanzi ngexesha lokutshintshwa, kodwa banokwandisa kakhulu inkonzo yobomi bepompo.

Abaxhasi

Inketho yesithathu ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweso sixhobo. Itanki yokwandisa i-membrane, ekwazi "ukucima" ukunyuka kwengcinezelo. Abahlaziyi be-hammer baxhomekeke kumgaqo othile. Iqulethwe kukuba kwinkqubo yokunyusa uxinzelelo, i-piston ishukumisa umbane kwaye iphoxisa iqela elincinci (intwasahlobo okanye umoya). Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokutshitshiswa iguqulwa ibe yinkqubo ye-oscillatory. Ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwamandla, ukubola kokugqibela kufikelele ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokwanda kwenyameko. Umhlawuli-mali usetyenziswe kumgca wokugcwalisa. Uhlawuliswe ngomoya ocinezelwe ngogonyamelo lwe-MP8 0.8-1.0. Ubalo lwenziwa malunga, ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yokubamba amandla emkholameni wamanzi ohambayo ukusuka kwitanki yokuzalisa okanye ibhetri kumcebisi.