Air alulwelo - isiseko wemveliso ioksijini ehlambulukileyo

Ekubeni zonke gesi kufuneka ithi ezininzi udibaniso, kwaye yepetroliyam, emoyeni, equka umxube irhasi abe lulwelo. Ngokomthetho zivelisa umoya ulwelo ngenxa yokuzahlula ngoko ioksijini ecocekileyo, nitrogen kunye argon.

A incinane

De kwaba yinkulungwane ye-19, izazinzulu babekholelwa ukuba igesi karhulumente emzimbeni omnye kuphela, kodwa ukuba umoya kurhulumente ulwelo bafunda ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umatshini Linde, iindawo eziphambili apho na isiguquli (motor, babonelelwa impompo) kunye sokufudumeza, siboniswe njengoko ngemibhobho emibini ezityikitywe uwele, elinye ibanjwa ngaphakathi enye. Ilungu lesithathu ngesakhiwo yaba thermos, esiya ngaphakathi kunye negesi kwegesi. iinxalenye Machine zagutyungelwa zokwambathisa izinto ukuze kuthintelwe ukufikelela igesi lakubalela ngaphandle. Ekufuphi emlonyeni ityhubhu engaphakathi ipheliswayo a ziliminxe.

umsebenzi igesi

Ithekhnoloji ngokwenza umoya yolwelo ilula. Okokuqala, umxube igesi zihlanjululwe ngothuli, amasuntswana amanzi, kwakunye carbon dioxide. Kukho nenye inxalenye ebalulekileyo, ngaphandle apho uya kuvelisa umoya ulwelo - uxinzelelo. Esebenzisa le isiguquli umoya zixinaniswe ku 200-250 ATM, ngoxa okupholisa ngamanzi. Ngoko ke umoya udlula miso ubushushu kuqala, uze emva koko yahlulwe imilambo ezimbini, i enkulu leyo olwandisa. Eli gama libhekisela kumatshini piston, okusebenzayo ngokwandisa igesi. Itshintsha amandla olunokubakho ibe mechanical, kunye negesi lupholisiwe kuba yenza isebenze.

Ngaphezu koko, umoya, ukuhlamba sokufudumeza ezimbini ngokwenjenjalo okupholisa ukuhamba yesibini ukuya phambili, uphuma kwaye abayiqokeleleyo thermos.

turboexpander

Nangona elula ibonakale, ukusetyenziswa olwandisa akwenzeki ngendlela engazange mveliso. Ezifunyenwe yi uhlangabezane igesi nge ityhubhu obhityileyo lubiza kakhulu, akwanelanga ukuba ukufumana ngempumelelo eneji kwaye ngoko engavumelekanga shishino. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela yaba umbuzo lula imveliso ihagu yentsimbi, yaye ngenxa yale njongo yaphakanyiswa ukuba wenze kubethwa ngaphandle zezulu ezinomthamo high oxygen. Ngaloo ndlela kwabakho umbuzo malunga imveliso woqoqosho yokugqibela.

Le olwandisa piston manzi ngokukhawuleza ice namanzi, ngoko ke umoya kuyimfuneko ukuba pre-ezomileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba inkqubo nzima ngakumbi namaxabiso. Wandinceda ukusombulula ingxaki le uphuhliso olwandisa kwiinqwelo isetyenziswa endaweni samanzi piston. Kamva wegazi kwiinqwelo sele isetyenziswe ngexesha ukulungiswa kunye nezinye iigesi.

isicelo

lisusiwe umoya Ulwelo ngokwalo yedwa, le mveliso eliphakathi ukufumana iigesi ehlambulukileyo.

components bodwa siseko isekelwe umahluko abilayo amacandelo umxube: oxygen amathumba kwi -183 °, ne-nitrogen kwi -196 °. lobushushu air ilulwelo ngezantsi degrees ezimakhulu mabini, yaye amalahle, unako ukuvelisa ngokwahlukana.

Xa ulwelo uqalisa kancinane ngumphunga umoya, nitrogen umphunga kuqala, uze emva kokuba sele ngumphunga the main okuyingxenye, xa amaqondo obushushu ° -183 abilayo ioksijini. Inyaniso kukuba lo gama i-nitrogen uhleli umxube, oko ayikwazi ukuqhubeka bubushushu, nokuba xa usebenzisa i isifudumezi ezongezelelweyo, kodwa kamsinya nje uninzi nitrogen ephelela emoyeni, umxube ngokukhawuleza ibilile ubushushu elandelayo inxalenye umxube, ngamanye oksijini.

zokuhlanjululwa

Kodwa ngale ndlela akunakwenzeka ukufumana ioksijini olusulungekileyo kunye nitrogen umsebenzi owodwa. Umoya karhulumente ulwelo kwinyathelo neyanamhlanje lokuqala iqulethe malunga 78% nitrogen ne-21% ioksijini, nangona kunjalo, udlula inkqubo kwaye ezincinci-nitrogen engamanzi uhlala kokukhona luya emoyeni neoksijini. Xa xiyimiso nitrogen emanzini kusithwa-50%, isiqulatho ioksijini kunyuka inyuswe kwi-20%. Ngoko ke, lo irhasi ngumphunga leyo incitshisiwe kwakhona phantsi neyanamhlanje okwesihlandlo sesibini. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa distillations, i ucaca uza kuba iimveliso ngenxa.

kushishino

Ngumphunga kunye amafu - iinkqubo ephikisanayo. I fluid lokuqala kufuneka bachithe ubushushu, kwaye yesibini - ukuba ubushushu baya kukhululwa. Ukuba akukho ilahleko ubushushu, ubushushu akhululwe kwaye wendele ngethuba lale nkqubo ngokunjalo. Ngoko ke umthamo ioksijini yinto enye leyo kakhulu ulingana ivolyum nitrogen ngumphunga. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ulwelo. Umxube zegesi ezimbini exonxiweyo ngenxa komphunga umoya lulwelo kwakhona kungenela singenelayo, yaye inxalenye ioksijini singena condensate, ngaleyo ndlela ubushushu, ngaloo komphunga ukuba ezinye i nitrogen. Le nkqubo iphindwa ezininzi izihlandlo.

Industrial ukulungiselela nitrogen neoksijini kwenzeka ebizwa ngokuba yi-nezintlu ukulungisa.

anika umdla

Phezu ukuqhagamshelana ne ioksijini ulwelo izinto ezininzi zaqina. Ngaphezu koko, umoya ulwelo - a oxidant enamandla, kunjalo, ukubetha oko, izinto eziphilayo aqhumisele, ikhuphe ubushushu obuninzi. Xa ukumithisa oxygen engamanzi ezinye zezi zinto zibe iipropati ongalawulekiyo Uyadubula. Oku kuziphatha uphawu iimveliso yeoli, eziquka igada oluqhelekileyo.