Innovation - Yintoni le? Ezintsha kubugcisa kunye noncwadi. Czechs ngumsunguli

Innovation kuyo nayiphi inkalo - yinto ezintsha, yenziwe entsha esekelwe phezu endala, maxa wambi sikhatshwe njengokuqhekeka izithethe kunye nezenzo. Innovation - sisipho esisodwa, ukukwazi ukuqalisa ingcinga ngcembe, ukuba sithethe malunga nomgangatho lomntu.

Innovation kwezobugcisa

Xa ubuchule ezintsha - oko kusoloko kukho komdlalo wokugxekwa, ukungaqondani, nokuba kugwetywa. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle abakroli, ngabapeyinti, ababhali, zimvo musa ukuba kuphuhliswa inkcubeko.

Umzekelo, Giotto di Bondone waye ngcungela mkhulu ngexesha lakhe. Ekubeni lidala sokuba amanani kwimifanekiso yonqulo esekelwe lalindanda emoyeni. Kodwa sale Giotto waqala iinyawo zabo ngokuqinileyo phezu komhlaba. Kwakhona zatshintsha imfundiso komhlaba kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi ukupeyinta, kunye umzobi, naphakathi umfanekiso uze ujonge kuyo. Kakade ke, izinto ezintsha ke kwaoko wadibana impendulo efudumeleyo, nangona Giotto di Bondone kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo elaziwayo inkosi enkulu.

Izinto abaye bahlupheka ekugxekweni

Ngcungela opeyintayo Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti ngenxa ezintsha yakhe ngenkankulu ukuba wayetyholwa ngokuba ngumchasi. Ngapha koko, echaza umzimba abangcwele azikho nje ze, kodwa eveze undisguised. engamashumi amathathu kamva, abangcwele "benxibe" ngamanye amagcisa ngabasemagunyeni. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1994 imifanekiso babuyela ngayo kuqala. Sekudlule ukususela ngoko.

Ukusuka ukugxekwa ezintsha zabo zobugcisa awabuvayo nomkroli Jean-Baptiste Pigalle (yiEnlightenment), igcisa Teodor Zheriko (era Romantic) kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Innovation kwi iincwadi in Russian

Nge novator Latin kunye iguqulelwe - "updater". Innovation - ke nokwandiswa inkqubo boncwadi, ukuvuselelwa, ezifunyaniswe zalo ezintsha kunye impumelelo uncwadi.

Xa iincwadi Russian, izisombululo izityebi ezintsha yaba kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, oko 50-60s. Emva koko waphinda ubuntatheli kunye ukuhlalutya uncwadi. Kwinkulungwane XIX iincwadi Russian yaba trendsetter ehlabathini. Yena ngokucacileyo kuxoxwe amazwe. ngekhulu XIX - kwinkulungwane ye lokusekwa ulwimi zoncwadi eRashiya, nangeendlela ezininzi, oku kube negalelo Pushkin uAleksandr Sergeevich. Iimbongi ye-Golden Age (i-ekuthiwa kuncwadi kwenkulungwane XIX) waqalisa uhlaziye ubuchule babo. Kwisihobe, uphawu entsha, ngoko zama okuphembelela iingqondo zabantu ukwenzela iinjongo emkhosini, ukwenzela ukuphucula lizwe.

Iprowuzi zange ukuma. Gogol kunye Pushkin aba wabaseki iindidi ezintsha zobugcisa. Le "ndoda omncinane 'Gogol, yaye le" ndoda eyolukileyo "ka Pushkin, kunye nabanye.

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba yaphela mazwi pre-revolution. End of Ages ivula amagama amatsha - Leskov Gorky, Ostrovsky kunye yaseChekhov.

Innovation chehova Antona Pavlovicha njenge ekuchubekeni

Anton Pavlovich updated drama. Waye nxamnye theatricality kunye affectation. Xa imidlalo bakhe, abantu kunye nobomi ibonisa ukuba ungubani na. Wayinikela imiphumo endala yeqonga.

Ngokomzekelo, umdlalo "I Cherry Orchard" waba entsha ngokupheleleyo endaweni yokubonela. Akuzange umdlalo kunye comedy yothando. Kulo mdlalo kukho bekungekho izithonga, ngamayelenqe angaphandle kunye nesiphelo sedrama. Le mbono wonke yabanjwa kwi mood ngokubanzi wadalwa yi isambuku zonke izigcawu. YaseChekhov akazange ukunika nayiphi nzima umdlalo lweziqalelo, akazange adale umlinganiswa ophambili - indoda eyayiza basonta emhlabeni ungquzulwano. YaseChekhov unika ababukeli kunye abafundi ukuba baqonde kwingcingane yabalinganiswa. Lyricism, elula, uphumlisa ukugxininisa, kunye neenkcazelo landscape - bonke negalelo ekomelezeni okuqonda ngokweemvakalelo.

Stanislavski wathi yaseChekhov eqongeni uye inyaniso ngaphakathi langaphandle. YaseChekhov wazisa zibe imidlalo innuendo yakhe, innuendo neempikiswano ezilula - njengokuba ebomini.

Yaba ezintsha ukulungiselela imeko Russian kunye noncwadi.