Umzimba womntu: scheme. Zeziphi izifundo zenzululwazi ukufunda umzimba womntu?

Yintoni ngaphakathi emzimbeni womntu ngaphakathi, abantu abanomdla kunye maxesha amandulo. Naxa imithetho ezingundoqo wahlala abantu, kwakukho ibandla, balelwa ukufunda isakhiwo lomzimba, kwakukho oosonzululwazi kunye zemvelo, ngubani phezu kwayo yonke dissected izidumbu izilwanyana nabantu abathatha inxaxheba kwi ingqalelo kwaye bazifundisisile zonke iinxalenye abanomdla.

Ingakwazanga ukunikwa koyiswa kule umnqweno ndawo ulwazi. Ngoko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, kodwa ke wafunyanwa, ukuba umzimba womntu. Indlela ukujikeleza kwinkqubo nganye organ kwaye sabhalwa amagcisa, abahloli, oogqirha, izazinzulu, ngenxa yokuba inzululwazi ezininzi ezikhoyo namhlanje.

Ukuphuhliswa kolwazi malunga isakhiwo umzimba womntu

Kwinkulungwane V BC kwi craton kwakukho indoda egama Alkemon. Yaba nguye lowo kuqala wavakalisa umnqweno ukufunda isakhiwo ngaphakathi eziphilayo, ngoko sokuhlaziya izilwanyana abafileyo. main ngempumelelo yakhe - eli vekeleke malunga nolwalamano phakathi izivamvo kunye ingqondo.

Kamva, ukususela malunga 460 BC, iqala a uphuhliso ngabom ngakumbi nolunzulu kolwazi kule ndawo. Igalelo elikhulu ukuqonda ukuba umzimba womntu (scheme nesakhiwo sayo, isimo se izibilini nabo ichazwa), wenza izazinzulu zilandelayo:

1. NoHippocrates.
2. Aristotle.
3. UPlato.
4. Gerofil.
5. Klavdiy Galen.
6. UAvicenna.
7. ULeonardo da Vinci.
8. Andreas Vezaly.
9. Uilyam kaGarvey.
10. Casparo Azelli.

Enkosi kwaba bantu zabuya inkqubo jikelele ubume umzimba womntu. Kukho ulwazi malunga esebenza iimpawu, iinkqubo, amalungu, tissue kunye nokubaluleka kwazo, kwakunye nezinye izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu.

XVII kwekhulu zonke iinzululwazi kwakukho ixesha zazimi ngxi ndaweninye, loo nto angawaconganga kwaye ndawo uthathwa sithi. Kodwa kamva lo mzobo umzimba womntu (Figure ungabona ngezantsi) natyetyiswa kakhulu, imibulelo ocacile similise ukuya ezifunyaniswe ezininzi. A indlela entsha evumela ukuba ukufunda emincinci ngentsimbi ngokunzima kusetyenziswa iindlela zovavanyo lokuqaphela, uthelekiso. Igalelo ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngu:

• UCharles Darwin;
• Schleiden and Schwann;
• Descartes;
• Lomonosov;
• Protasov;
• Shymlanskaya;
• izonkana eziyolisa intliziyo;
• Lesgaft;
• Mukhin;
• Carl Baer;
• Wolff;
• ivuse;
• yecandelo;
• ngeentshuntshe;
• Pavlov nabanye.

Ngaloo ndlela, wahlolwa umzimba womntu ngokubanzi, eli cebo yaba epheleleyo kwaye isalayita lonke amalungu kunye neenkqubo. Namhlanje, wonke umfundi unako ozakuthathwa mphandle, kunye nenkcazo eneenkcukacha nganye yinxalenye yomzimba ukuhlola imisebenzi eyenziwa nesakhiwo lwangaphakathi.

Iskim jikelele "man - izinto eziphilayo"

Ukuba sithethe ulungiselelo olo, kufanele kuphawulwe, yintoni kanye iqulethe. Okokuqala, oko kumelwa kwi embodiments ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zezi imizobo kunye nemizobo ziqulathe kuphela iinkcazelo zomlomo, Ukuhlelwa izakhiwo angaphakathi abantu ezibonisa ulwalamano lwabo kunye nemisebenzi. Abanye, Noko ke, musa ayiqulathanga naluphi na iinkcazelo, kodwa abonise nezobhalo nje indawo amalungu emzimbeni, bonisa isini sabo efanayo, isakhiwo yonke sicwangciso. Apha ziyarekhodwa kunye neenkqubo omzimba. Ukuba zizidibanise zombini iinketho, ulungiselelo enjalo kuya kuba nzima kakhulu, kunzima ukuyiqonda. Uhlobo lwesibini isetyenziswa rhoqo.

Ngoko ke, i sikimu "Man - a esiphilayo" uquka umfanekiso amalungu zilandelayo lweenkqubo emzimbeni (ukuba zinikwe ngendlela epheleleyo umzimba uphela):

1. Sentliziyo limfoobrazovatelnaya. Kukho idayagramu imizimba yabonisa iinkcukacha kunye nemijelo zabantu.
2. Le nkqubo yokwetyisa.
3. Musculoskeletal, okanye musculoskeletal.
4. Reproductive.
5. Excretory (womchamo, kuthiwa odityanisiweyo amalungu okuzala kwaye excretory le nkqubo).
6. Iinkqubo Wayesoyika yonyango.
7. Yovakalelo, okanye ingqondo kunye imbono.

Ngenxa yoko, le nkqubo ibonelela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga isakhiwo umzimba womntu indawo kwamalungu ayo. Kwakhona, kukho iitafile ezininzi ezahlukeneyo manani, imizobo, apho kubonakala emincinci oluneenkcukacha naliphi na iziko. Ichaza zonke iinkalo ngesakhiwo, ukusebenza kunye nendawo.

Ukuba hlanganisa zonke ezi imizobo, ufumana yonke incwadi. iimpapasho Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba 'biology yabantu iitafile neetshati "yaye ngokufuthi lula kakhulu ubomi abafundi, abafundi kunye nootitshala. Eneneni, ngokufutshane zabo, ngokufutshane kwaye ngokucace gca zonke ezisisiseko ezifunekayo ukuze ukuqonda jikelele ubume babantu.

inkqubo Ukwakheka nkovu

A indima ekhethekileyo ekugcineni impilo edlalwa amajoni omzimba umzimba bomntu. Kodwa yintoni na? Kubonakala ukuba le nkqubo nkovu, ngengoko ungumongo obalulekileyo amalungu sentliziyo. Xa isakhiwo sayo - iiseli, ezo zibizwa ngokuba "iiseli." Badlala indima welungelo eziphilayo eziphilayo iintsholongwane neebhaktiriya, amasuntswana angaphandle kunye onke amazwe.

Inkqubo emithanjeni yomntu, nto leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi scheme lineqela izakhiwo ezenza it up:

1. Neziqu yobisi.
2. Emithanjeni.
3. Imikhumbi.
4. Zamanzi.

Bebonke bakha uthungelwano ukuba akukho ivaliwe, njengoko kuthelekiswa sentliziyo. Kwakhona kule nkqubo akukho umzimba yolawulo engundoqo. fluid emithanjeni (nkovu) yimveliso inkunkuma ye kwizikhewu intercellular, leyo phantsi koxinzelelo wobulali ehamba kwimikhumbi iindawo, emithanjeni zemithi.

Ngexesha ukugula, ezifana kubanda, wonke umntu kufumana iindawo nkovu zidumbileyo eziphilayo. Bona zibekwe phantsi kwemihlathi esezantsi, kwi amakhwapha, nasemiphakathweni indawo. Palpate kuzo kalula ngokwaneleyo. Oku kungqina ukuba kubo kukho imfazwe ephambili nesi sifo. Ngoko ke, lo isithintelo eziphambili kwizifo - inkqubo emithanjeni yomntu. Scheme kubonisa ukuba ibekwe ngendlela zonke iindawo zesakhiwo nendlela ezihambelanayo.

inkqubo alimentary

Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo apha emzimbeni. Ngapha koko ke, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe umntu ifumana izondlo ukukhula, uphuhliso, amandla kwiinkqubo zobomi. Ngaphandle izondlo akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuhamba, akhule, ucinga njalo. Emva kwenkqubo ngalinye kufuna amandla, nto leyo amaqhina eekhemikhali iimolekyuli okunesondlo.

Le nkqubo ibonisa inkqubo zokwetyisa komntu, izitho network avele kuwo.

1. Komgodi yomlomo, kuquka amazinyo, ulwimi, inkalakahla kunye ngaphakathi esihlunwini emhlathini.
2. Pharynx kunye kuvuleke iminxunya.
3. Isisu.
4. glands sokugaya secreting iimfihlelo ukugaya ukutya.
5. Emathunjini, nto leyo iqulathe amacandelo ezininzi: i duodenum, emathunjini amancinci emathunjini.

kwegazi

It imele ukujikeleza ezimbini, kuqulethe umzimba omkhulu - intliziyo - kunye nokunabisa siso imithambo, neempahla, emithanjeni. Igazi volume iyonke umntu omdala nama-5 kwi-capita. Noko ke, umlinganiselo kuyahlukana nedlela ubunzima bomzimba.

Intliziyo - igunya Central, nako usosulelwa ngesingqi, kwanyanzeleka ukuba igazi kungena itshaneli noxinzelelo ethile. It iqulathe nesamagumbi ezine, ngokusondeleyo ezihambelanayo.

Inkqubo yabantu luvo

Enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu. Ifaka:

• ingqondo;
• umnqonqo;
• iiseli zemithambo-luvo;
• emzimbeni.

Phantse yonke into umzimba womntu iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Bebona okungaphandle, ukudlulisa iintlungu, siluleka ingozi. isakhiwo sabo iyinqaba. Ubuchopho kunye umnqonqo ziquka eziliqela zamacandelo, nganye leyo yenza ulawulo ngokucokisekileyo ngokusebenza yinxalenye ethile yomzimba.

inkqubo nemizwa

Abo emihlanu:

1. Analyzer Visual.
2. Hearing.
3. Ulusu novakalelo kwezihlunu.
4. amalungu ukuqgiba.
5. Flavour Analyzer.

Bonke bephela ndawonye akha umzimba womntu. Lo mzobo ubonisa isakhiwo kwezinye iinxalenye inkqubo woluvo ibunjiwe, leyo iifitsha kubume yintoni imisebenzi yenziwa.

Inkqubo excretory woMntu

Indlela esakhiwe ngayo le nkqubo ibandakanya le mibutho ilandelayo:

• sezintso;
• isinye;
• ureters.

Elinye igama le nkqubo - excretory. Umsebenzi main - ukususwa kweemveliso pathways, sizani umzimba iimveliso inkunkuma.

Science ukufunda womuntu

Ezo zinto ezinkulu ezininzi. Nangona inani labo liye landa kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa, umzekelo, ukususela ngenkulungwane XVIII. Oku Sciences ezifana:

• komzimba;
• zomzimba;
• ezempilo;
• genetics;
• imithi;
• kwengqondo.

Physiology ucinga imiba enxulumene nokusebenza kwenkqubo. Oko kukuthi umsebenzi wakhe ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo: "? Kwenzeka njani" Umzekelo, kuba olu qeqesho kwi indlela ebuthongweni kunye notshintsho kuvukwe, iimpawu wafundela yomsebenzi eliphezulu luvalo.

Izakhi kunye nempilo yabantu

Zofuzo kuye bafunda ezisebenza elifeni iimpawu ezithile, ngokunjalo ngoonobangela kunye neziphumo zotshintsho kwi izixhobo chromosomal yabantu. Ngesi isayensi, abantu bafunda ukuba ukuqikelela ukungaqheleki genetic kakhulu ndingekazalwa, ukulawula le nkqubo kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukuba angenelele kwaye utshintshe indlela yayo.

Nococeko kunceda ekuphenduleni lo mbuzo: "? Kutheni ukucoceka nendlela ukuphumeza impilo" Olu phando iinkcukacha mimiselo ukugcina ikhaya umzimba, malunga nokubaluleka inkqubo iindlela omzimba ezixhomekeke ngqo kwi kwisalathiso ucoceko, umgangatho kwiintsholongwane. Le uqeqesho usemncinci kakhulu, kodwa hayi kangako ngaphezu kwakhe nabani na.

Psychology and Medicine

Psychology - isayensi inzima kakhulu yaye ubuncwane ukuba ingena sezingqondweni kwaye nangaphezulu umsebenzi luvo komntu. It yenzelwe ukucacisa iindlela ezisisiseko izixhobo zengqondo zabantu. Kukho inani amacandelo bengqondo ngokuphathelele yonke imiba yezentlalo enxulumene kubantu (psychology of ulwalamano lwentsapho, ubudala, ukulinga, njalo njalo).

Impilo - inzululwazi nto ibalulekileyo ojongene impilo yabantu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko ngokusondeleyo erhangqwe zonke ezinye iinkalo: amalungu, anatomy, imfuza, ucoceko kwengqondo.

Medicine esiSiseko kwakuvela abantu. Ngokuba, ngelishwa, abantu basoloko abagulayo. Ngawo onke amaxesha, ecaleni kubo kwiintsholongwane, izifo yemfuza (lwemfuzo) kunye nezinye izifo. Ngoko ke, lo sifundo - enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo xa kufikwa ukulondoloza ukuphila kunye nempilo.

Kukho amacandelo amaninzi, yokusonga amayeza kwelinye: utyando, Oncology, Haematology, amagqirha, dermatology, umothuko, kunye nabanye. Bonke bephela ezizodwa kakhulu kwimiba ethile, yiba iindlela zabo ndifunda le ngxaki nokusombulula ngayo.

Ngokubanzi, yonke iinzululwazi ukufunda umzimba kwabantu njengequmrhu elinye. Ngapha koko, oko kubenza babe injongo efanayo - ukuphonononga, ukuhlola, chaza onke amalungu omzimba, ukufunda ukulawula yonke organ kunye seli nganye emzimbeni.

Komzimba njengoko inzululwazi main

Kakade ke, lo kuqala, ngokwembali babenza inzululwazi womntu kunye nesakhiwo sayo - kuba nokwakheka. Kuyinto ngenxa kuphuhliso aba bantu ingqeqesho bakuqiqa oko na emzimbeni womntu, ukuba ibekwe arhente apho (circuit) kukho amalungiselelo kunye imimiselo esisekelwe phezu kwazo esekelwe umsebenzi wabo.

Ngaphezu kokuba ingqalelo zadibana zembali kuphuhliso lolwazi lwabantu. Nguwo lowo kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo amanqanaba yophuhliso. Abo bantu, abamagama babebizwa, - abaqali kunye zooyise olu qeqesho enkulu nebalulekileyo.

Umsebenzi ukwakheka komzimba iye ebesoloko omnye onke amaxesha - ukufunda isakhiwo lwangaphakathi kunye iimpawu zangaphandle morphological onke amalungu kunye neenkqubo, kwakunye amalaphu. Kungekho nto anatome Greek - "kunqunyulwa".