Kwiintsholongwane - sisiseko microworld

Ngokutsho C. Woese, zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zahlulwe izikhululo ezininzi. Bathi ezintathu: iintsholongwane, archaea kunye eukaryotes. Virus zithathwa ngaphandle kudidi isikhundla. Inyaniso kukuba asingawo onke izazinzulu zibhekisela eli qela izidalwa eziphilayo. Kodwa uninzi, kwakunye umdali hypothesis ye ihlabathi RNA, idla iintsholongwane ngokwamaqela domain eyahlukileyo. Kwaye oku, nangona iintsholongwane kunye omkhuhlane ubukhulu omncinane phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwakunye zilungiswe nje.

Imvelaphi iintsholongwane neebhaktiriya namanje evulekile. Akukho nokuba kukho ukumelwa echanileyo, abanye kula maqela uvele ekuqaleni. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba iintsholongwane neebhaktiriya kufuneka bephuma kumntu omnye, yaye ubuncinane eyodwa. On izigwebo ezinjalo ukwakha imfundiso yokuqala. Kodwa ukufunda iinkcukacha zezi Cya kwakhokelela kwisigqibo sokuba iintsholongwane kwahluka yibhaktheriya ezibalulekileyo ngaphezu wacinga ngaphambili.

Ngokungafaniyo amagciwane yibhaktheriya

Eyona ibalulekileyo kwezi mahluko yindlela yobomi kwiintsholongwane zahluke ngokupheleleyo. Okokuqala, nangona elula lwefowuni yakho ngamaziko azimeleyo. Enoba bahlala ngaphakathi kwi seli. Indlela yokwenza oko, ezifana chlamydia. Virus iiseli ngaphandle azinazo naziphi na umsebenzi eziphilayo. Abanalo naziphi imizimba for ukutya aphantsi. A yamasuntswana intsholongwane inezigaba ezimbini. Le gene (it imelwe elinye okanye amabini nemidzaluka ribonucleic acid) kunye ziiprotein iqokobhe. Abanye baye i capsid iqokobhe eyongezelelweyo top.

Zonke iintsholongwane, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo ribonucleic acid baye yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu: i RNA- kunye DNA-equlethe.

Imilo ye iintsholongwane inokuba iinketho eziliqela.

• Icosahedron.
• Phages.
• Octahedra.
• Helical.

Ngu ubungakanani kwiintsholongwane zahluke kakhulu. Ukuba zobukhulu zibalwa ngeeyunithi yokuqala kunye amakhulu micrometers, intsholongwane inkulu ayikho ngaphezulu kwe 1300-1400 neenanometer. Ngoko ke, intsholongwane inkulu incinane iintsholongwane zincinane.

virus phathogenicity kuxhomekeke ukukwazi ukungena kwizisele ezithile.

Nakuba ukuba khona iintsholongwane, indibanisela yokhuseleko uchuku kunye nokubanako silwanyana ukuba ukwanda kokuziswa inombolo kunye nefomu amakoloni. Ngamanye amazwi, lwegciwane, eyona nto ibalulekileyo "ukuwina" isithuba ethile zokuphila yobukho.

Ngako oko, kwiintsholongwane kufuneka ubuzaza ezahlukeneyo kumachiza ezijolise kwintshabalalo yabo. E ilifa interferon kunye analogs zabo namachiza antiviral ukusebenza omkhulu. Ukuphelisa iintsholongwane kusetyenziswa nemithi, leyo kuba nafuthe neentsholongwane.

Yonke Umjikelo wobomi iintsholongwane linokuchazwa kumanqanaba eziliqela. Ekuqaleni, kwisuntswana engena iseli. Emva koko ke genome ntsholongwane ihlanganise kungena iseli ufuzo. Last uqala ukuvelisa iikopi zentsholongwane kunye organelles iseli zicinyiwe kunye yokucolwa yawo ukudala zezintsu ezi genomes. Emva koko ke amasuntswana entsholongwane ushiye lentolongo, yaye konke iqala kwakhona.

Virus izifo ngabantu, ebangela imasisi, irhashalala, rubella, sepoliyo, AIDS, izifo zemiphunga ye phecana eliphezulu yokuphefumla, kunye nabanye. Nangona bacterium abaqambi ka Intsingizi ukukhohlela, isifo somqala omhlophe, icesina kunye nabanye.