Inkqubo zehlabathi yecebo (Copernicus, uLeonardo da Vinci)

Uluntu uye wafuna yaye aqhubeka ukufuna impendulo yombuzo ngemvelaphi kunye nehlabathi ngeenxa zonke kuye.

Ukuqonda yamandulo yonke

Kumaxesha amandulo, ingabonwa impucuko zazinqabile ezingekhoyo. Ukuqonda uhlobo ehlabathini yayisekelwe nembono ukuba zonke izinto zenziwa amandla angaphezu okanye abameli balo. Zonke iintsomi ezikhoyo yamandulo ithwala yamanyala kongenelelo woothixo kuphuhliso nobomi impucuko. Ngenxa yokungabi nolwazi malunga neenkqubo kwindalo, abantu ekuthini ekudalweni kwezinto zonke kuThixo, isizathu Higher, imimoya.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ulwazi zabantu "liphakamisa umkhusane" efihliweyo ukuqonda uhlobo esingqongileyo. Ngenxa izazinzulu bulumko abakubudala ezahlukeneyo ezibalaseleyo, macala onke lo ukuqonda icaca kunye ngaphantsi eziphosakeleyo. Kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, inkolo braked ifihla- okukhulayo. Nantoni awuhambisani kunye nokuqonda "kwasekudalweni kwehlabathi kunye womntu" sibhujiswe, iingcali zefilosofi kunye zemvelo nya ngokwasemzimbeni, isilumkiso kwabanye.

inkqubo Geocentric ye yamacebo zehlabathi

Ngokutsho kwe Catholic Church, i-Earth embindini kwehlabathi. Yiloo nto ke hypothesis abeke phambili ngenkulungwane yesibini BC, uAristotle. Ubume inkqubo yehlabathi ibizwa geocentric (kwigama lesiGrike Γῆ, Γαῖα - Earth). Ngokutsho Aristotle, i-Earth sphere kwi embindini iphela.

Kukho enye imboniselo, apho uMhlaba ikhowuni. Anaksimandr kucingelwa ukuba umhlaba ngokumila zezindlu kunye nomphakamo esezantsi izihlandlo ngaphantsi kwe kathathu ubukhulu isiseko. Anaximenes, Anaxagoras bakholwa Earth tyaba, ngokungathi phezulu itafile. Kumaxesha angaphambili kwakucingwa ukuba iplanethi ilala izidalwa omkhulu wasentsomini, ngokufana ufudo.

KaPythagoras kunye imilo ungqukuva boMhlaba

Ngemihla kaPythagoras wazimisela inkolelo ezisisiseko ukuba iplanethi yethu liqumrhu ukulenza. Kodwa ke abantu; kuba becala ayizange ukuxhasa le ngcamango. Man uqonde ayikwazanga indlela phezu kwebhola andahexa ntoni kwaye ayawa off. Ukongeza, Akukacaci indlela Umhlaba siyagcinwa emajukujukwini. Linyanzela phambili inani elikhulu ngeenkolelo. Abanye babekholelwa ukuba izijikelezi ziyabanjwa ngomoya, abanye babecinga ukuba lihlale olwandle. Yaba hypothesis eqhelekileyo ukuba uMhlaba, njengoko embindini hlabathi, singahambi kwaye ayifuni nayiphi na inkxaso.

Renaissance bacebe iziganeko

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, inkqubo yehlabathi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-16, iye unenzondelelo uhlaziyo enkulu. Inani elikhulu zefilosofi kunye izazinzulu belo xesha ngokukhululekileyo wazama ayingqinelani iimbono zabantu ngayo kwindawo yabo iphela kunye nohlobo ngeenxa zonke. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ezifana iingqiqo enkulu UGIORDANO Bruno, uGalileo Galiley, uNikolay Kopernik, uLeonardo da Vinci.

indlela Heavy olunameva zophuhliso yaba inyaniso kunye nokwamkelwa kwezentlalo ukuba kukho inkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukuze yehlabathi. ngenkulungwane ye-16 yaba incopho yothelekiso kwidabi yombono omtsha iingqondo engekenziwa esekwimo ulwazi olufanayo abantu belo xesha. Inkathazo sokutshintsha kade ekuqondeni yoluntu walala ukunyanzelwa unqulo ulwazi olufanayo uhlobo ngeenxa zonke, wamzalela umlinganiswa nje laphezulu kwemvelo. I-Roman Ukuncinwa nangoko nya ukuba kubuyiswe eluntwini.

Copernicus - umsunguli revolution lokuqala zenzululwazi

Kudala phambi kokuba Renaissance, kwi BC ngenkulungwane yesithathu, uAristarko kucingelwa ukuba kuza kubakho inkqubo eyahlukileyo inkqubo yehlabathi. Copernicus 'Phezu koko of the Sphere waseZulwini "kwiincwadi zakhe kwabonisa ukuba ukuqonda endala ukuba Earth embindini ihlabathi kunye ilanga lijikeleza kuyo, luphawu engalunganga.

incwadi yakhe, eyapapashwa ngo-1543, ezifumaneka isiqinisekiso heliocentrism (inkqubo heliocentric kuthetha ukuqonda oko Umhlaba wethu bexakeke ilanga) ehlabathini. Waba imfundiso isindululo iiplanethi ujikeleza iLanga ekuqaleni umgaqo kaPythagoras sesindululo iyunifomu setyhula.

Nikolaya Kopernika ukusebenza ezinye zobulumko ixesha sasikho kunye zemvelo. The Catholic Church bafumanise ukuba umsebenzi sisazinzulu kujongela phantsi kakhulu igunya layo wavuma ukuba umsebenzi sisazinzulu heretical kunye nenyaniso, kusithiwa. Ngowe-1616 imisebenzi yakhe zathinjwa ize itshiswe.

Kubungqondi elikhulu ixesha lakhe - Leonardo da Vinci

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amane ngaphambili Copernicus, omnye engqondweni okhanyayo Renaissance - uLeonardo da Vinci ngexesha lakhe spare kwezinye izinto sketching, apho kuboniswe ngokucacileyo ukuba uMhlaba na iziko kwehlabathi. inkqubo yehlabathi kwefowuni ka uLeonardo da Vinci lwabonakala kwezinye ulwandlalo imizobo isetyenziswayo. Wathabatha amanqaku kwi imizobo amasimi, ukusuka apho kulandela ukuba Earth, njengezinye iiplanethi umnyele wethu lijikeleza kufutshane ilanga. A brilliant sobulumko, igcisa, umsunguli kunye nzulu ukuqonda kakuhle enzulu yezinto, ngaphambi kwexesha lakhe kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela.

ULeonardo da Vinci ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe uye ukuqonda ukuba kukho inkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukuze yehlabathi. ngenkulungwane ye-16 yaba ixesha anzima omzabalazo phakathi ukuqonda enkulu ezingqondweni iphela kunye nezimvo eyayikhona oluntu ngelo xesha.

Umzabalazo phakathi izixhobo ezimbini iinkqubo zehlabathi

inkqubo ihlabathi kwefowuni ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-16, kuqwalaselwa izazinzulu ixesha kumacala amabini. Ngeli xesha, oko kwasekwa ukruthakruthwano phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini inqubo - a geocentric kunye heliocentric. Yaba kuphela emva phantse kwiminyaka elikhulu, kuba iye yaba lokuwina isakhiwo heliocentric zehlabathi. Copernicus yaba ngunozala ukuqonda elitsha phakathi izazinzulu.

umsebenzi wakhe "Ngomhla Revolutions of the Sphere waseZulwini" yaye uncalled phantse elinamashumi amahlanu. Society ngelo xesha Ndandingekakulungeli ukwamkela indawo yazo 'omtsha' kwindalo, iziko lehlabathi ukulahlekelwa izikhundla. Kwaba kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-16 emva kwexesha, inkqubo heliocentric zehlabathi yesixhobo uBruno, ngokusekelwe umsebenzi Copernicus, kwakhona yachulumancisa iingqondo enkulu yoluntu.

UGIORDANO Bruno kunye nokuqonda ngokwenene iphela

UGIORDANO Bruno kuthelekiswa egqubayo sakhe kwenkqubo Aristotelian-Ptolemaic yomyalelo yehlabathi, ekuchaseni inkqubo Copernican. Ke wazixolela, ukudala izigqibo zobulumko ukuba izibakala ezimbalwa enjalo ngoku zibonakaliswa inzululwazi elingenakuphikiswa. Wathi ukuba iinkwenkwezi - ilanga elikude, nokuba kwindalo iphela kukho ezingenakubalwa yesiqalo, ezifana nelanga lethu.

Ngowe-1592 wabanjwa e Venice mazigqithiselwe yamaRoma Yokuncina. Kamva, emva kweminyaka esixhenxe entolongweni yamaRoma Church babefuna Bruno ulahle "amaRoma" iinkolelo. Emva kokwala, koko watshiselwa esibondeni ngenxa yokuba imbuka. UGIORDANO Bruno neembila ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwazo kumzabalazo inkqubo heliocentric yehlabathi. izizukulwana zexesha elizayo akwazise eziziswe njengexhoba-nzulu kakhulu, ngowe-1889 kwisiza nokubulawa e Rome, wamiswa ilitye lesikhumbuzo.

Ikamva impucuko kuxhomekeke ingqondo yayo

Kangangamawaka eminyaka efunde amava loluntu kubonisa ukuba ulwazi endibufumeneyo kufutshane nje kumphakamo wangoku lokuqonda. Kodwa siqinisekiso sokuba baya kuba semthethweni ngomso, ayikho. Njengoko yokwenza ubonisa, ukwandiswa esiliqonda ngayo yonke kunokuhenda ukucinga ukuba zonke kancinane ngokwahlukileyo kunathi ngaphambili.

Omnye umba ophambili, acandacanda zeminyaka, yinkqubo uhlaba ngabom ulwazi (ezifana iCawa yamaRoma ngelo xesha) ukugcina uluntu ngakwicala "ekunene". Makhe Ndiyathemba ukuba nengqiqo lokwenyaniso omntu ukuwina, yaye iza kwenza kube lula ukuba ulandele inkcubeko endleleni efanelekileyo.