Iimpawu kazibuthe umbandela

Xa kufakwa entsimini kazibuthe into, "ukuziphatha" yayo kunye nohlobo utshintsho noshowo zasekhaya ziya kuxhomekeka izinto yento eyenziwe kuzo. Zonke izinto ezaziwayo zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ezihlanu ezingundoqo: paramagnetic, ferromagnetic kunye antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic kunye diamagnetic. Ngokutsho oluhlobo, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kazibuthe mbandela. Ukuze ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi na efihliweyo emva la magama, cinga iqela ngalinye ngokweenkcukacha.

Substances zibonise iimpawu paramagnetism, permeability magnetic ebonakala kunye uphawu oluvumelanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ixabiso yangaphandle mhlaba otsalayo apho into amathuba. Abameli esaziwa kakhulu eli qela zezi -nitric oxide kunye negesi ioksijini, ialakalin-mhlaba kunye namaqela obrak kunye netyuwa ayoni.

Le susceptibility eliphezulu ngemagnethi uphawu entle (1 ifikelela Mill.) Ferromagnets Inherent. Ukuba ixhomekeke kubungakanani intsimi lwangaphandle kunye nobushushu susceptibility iyahluka ngokubanzi. Okubalulekileyo, ukususela kuloo maxesha okuba singazi amasuntswana nezakhiwo ezi sublattices ezahlukeneyo kubume, ixabiso elipheleleyo okwangoku zero.

Njengoko isihloko, yaye ezinye iimpawu ukuba basondele izinto ferromagnetic. Ayavumelana yi ukuxhomekeka eliphezulu susceptibility yobushushu kunye namandla entsimini, kodwa kukho umahluko. La mathuba sibubona babekwe sublattices athom are lingana omnye komnye, nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo iqela elidlulileyo, mzuzu bungama nonzero. Substance ezendeleyo magnetization kulogo. Unxibelelwano sublattices antiparallel. Le ferrites kakhulu eyaziwa. Iipropati Magnetic of iikhompawundi eli qela ziphezulu, ngoko ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa kwimizobo.

Of umdla ethile liqela antiferromagnets. Emva okupholisa, loo izinto ngaphantsi athom umda lobushushu ethile kunye ion zilungiselelwe kwisakhiwo akhazimlayo emkhusaneni ukutshintsha ngokwendalo mathuba zabo owahluke ngokwemvelo, ekufumaneni zokuqhelaniswa protivoparallelnoe. Inkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo lwenzeka ngokufudumeza izinto - wabhala iipropati ngemagnethi iimpawu iqela kwezinto paramagnetic. Imizekelo iquka carbonates, oxides, njalo njalo.

Ke ekugqibeleni, lo diamagnetic. Iimpawu kazibuthe imithi eli qela asixhomekeki ngobunzulu entsimini, kwaye ixabiso le susceptibility otsalayo i negative. Ukuba into unalo ibhondi covalent, le diamagnetic "olunyulu". Abameli - negolide, nobhedu, iigesi egalelwe njalo njalo.

Iimpawu kazibuthe zokufunda ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa iteknoloji. Hi xikombiso, le engathi engathi sombane isilonda izinto ezithambileyo ngemagnethi. High permeability kunye magnetized ukuba Ukwanda, nkqu amandla ephantsi, kuthetha elimxinwa hysteresis noyi kule grafu, kwakunye ilahleko minor kwi neengxaki nosiba ibango Electrical Engineering. Ukuba iimpawu kazibuthe umcimbi bahambelana umbandela ethambileyo owahluke ngokwemvelo, kuba iimveliso ezenziwe kwalo iphawulwa flow ebalulekileyo zabekelwa umda kuphela kufumaneka bantu. Xa practice, oku kuthetha ukuba sikwazi ukunciphisa ubungakanani wesekethe otsalayo, nto leyo eye yanciphisa ubunzima izixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, le eziluncedo kunye engxakini ubuxoki - ifildi ifildi yenza kwemisinga eddy ezinjalo ebangela ubushushu, ngoko isisombululo ukuvumelana nomthwalo umqhubi.

Olunye uhlobo lwezinto - hard ngemagnethi amandla zonyanzelo apho amperes ubuncinane 4000 imitha nganye. Oku kuthetha ukuba amasimi kazibuthe kwelona nqanaba eliphezulu, emva koko izinto igcina iipropati owahluke ngokwemvelo, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuze magnetization kubuyekezwe umazibuthe esisigxina.