Ngekhulu esibhekene. imigulukudu Famous nabakhohlisi

XX Century wangena imbali njengoko ngenkulungwane lobuqhophololo kunye nenkohliso grand. Ukuthengiswa Eiffel Tower, iphiramidi zemali MMM, uqhekezo, lwako lwezonyango - uluhlu engaphelelanga lobuqhophololo ebizinyikimisa uluntu. Ngoko ke, sinikela kuwe top 10: kwinkulungwane scam zibalaseleyo.

10 ndawo. Le duo, abangakwaziyo ukucula

Zokukala zorhwaphilizo ezichuliweyo omkhulu kwinkulungwane XX ivula zithandwa kwi imi--80-90. Iqela pop German milli Vanilli. Rob Pilato kunye Fabrice Morvan wehla waya embalini njengoko duo ongakwaziyo ukucula.

Milli Vanilli - uTimoti ze umvelisi odumileyo waseJamani Frank Farian. Le duo kwasekwa ekuqaleni-imi- 80 khulu lokugqibela leminyaka kwaye ngokukhawuleza wazuza ingqwalasela ehlabathini lonke. ibonisa amakhulu, midlalo imizi inkulu eYurophu, izigidi abalandeli - konke oku kuye kwaba ngokoqobo for nale midaniso zangaphambili kunye Rob Faris. Kwincopho ethandwayo ye duo yaba kunyaka 1990 xa milli Vanilli wafumana yeGrammy Award yodumo kwisigaba "Best New Artist". Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi weqela wakhawuleza kuphazanyiswa ngenxa kwihlazo. Ngexesha ikonsathi e Bristol (United States), apho Rob kunye Faris wacula "live", bekukho ukusilela lobugcisa idiski apho eyayibhalwe soundtrack. Ngenxa yoko, ibinzana le ngoma odumileyo «Girl You Know yinyaniso» iphindiwe amaxesha amaninzi, kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba duo ukuhamba kuloo ndawo. Ndafumanisa ukuba ngexesha ukusebenza kwakhe Pilato kunye Morvan waxelisa neengoma, kwaye original amazwi abazalwa iimvumi American Charles Shaw, Brad Howell noJohn Davis.

Emva kwihlazo walandelwa kwetyala elide. Ngenxa yoko, le duo kwanyanzeleka ukuba yonke mabhaso. Ukongeza, abafundi nto awakona lulungisa ixabiso iirekhodi ezifunyenwe milli Vanilli, namatikiti okuya eekonsathi zabo.

indawo 9. Ummangaliso Dzhona Brinkli

9 kwi lweFIFA lobuqhophololo yezonyango 'ngenkulungwane scam zibalaseleyo "wathabatha Dzhona Brinkli. Lo mntu waba nako nje kwiminyaka embalwa baguquka kwilali inkwenkwe ihlwempu ukuba multimillionaire!

Dzhon Brinkli wazalelwa kwilali encinane American. Ebutsheni bakhe ukuba umsebenzi omninzi. Yaba ngeli xesha, UYohane uqala ukuzibuza kwinzuzo mthethweni. "Ootitshala" Brinkley yaziwa e North Carolina imigulukudu nabakhohlisi.

Ngowe-1918, uJohn uthenge iqondo zonyango waza ukuphumeza iintlobo kurhwaphilizo. Lzhedoktor ukujongana nemiba enxulumene amandla eyindoda. Uthe izigulane zakhe "iimpiliso," amanzi yabangazijongisisi enkolo. Emva koko uJohn Brinkley enye umbono omuhle. Kungekudala yena lzhedoktor ibohlwaye bonke amadoda ukusombulula ingxaki amandla kuzakutshintsha esini ibhokhwe. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ishishini elitsha uMnu Brinkley waqalisa ukuzisa ingeniso engakholelekiyo. Xa inyanga, yena nabalingane bakhe ukuba baqhube imisebenzi ezingama-50! Ngowe-1923, lo somashishini ngempumelelo ezikhuphile kwisikhululo yayo irediyo, apho amaza zipapashwe kwikliniki Dr. Brinkley.

In imi--30. lzhedoktor kwafuneka ukuba bagcwalise yezonyango. UMnu Brinkley on amatyala eziliqela ngenxa yokuba ukufa izigulane zangaphambili zingenisiwe. Ngowe-1941, i-spy odumileyo wathi yimali.

indawo 8. Umoni-artist

Ekuqaleni le XX kwinkulungwane ye Russian uBukhosi, nokulatyuza kurhwaphilizo yebhanki. Iibhanki sikhulu kweli lizwe balahlekelwe izityhwentywe zemali. Ingxaki ixesha elide cwaka, njengoko intlangano wayengafuni kuphulukana intembeko abatyali-mali labantu balo. Kamva ke kanti zonke ezi maqhinga, ukukhuthuza lwenziwa phantsi kolwalathiso a Michael Tsereteli ethile. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo Russia wayesaziwa phantsi amagama ahlukeneyo: Prince of Mist, Eristavi, Andronikov.

Tsereteli wamenywa ukuba basebenzisane kunye nabantu bazizinhanha ubukhosi, wazisusa passport nama ebekelwe iidipozithi zabo zebhanki. Ngowe-1913, lo wobuqhophololo wakwazi ukubamba umkhonyovu elikhulu-scale eJamani. Ahlela ingxowa ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kunye sokuphuculwa lwezithuthi, uze emva koko bayitya isixa esikhulu.

Enye indawo yomsebenzi Tsereteli yaba ukuphanga kumanenekazi zizityebi kuzo iiholide zaseYurophu. Lo mfana ngokukhawuleza atyabukile kungena trust, waza ke waphinda abafazi enkulu.

Ngowe-1914, phantsi igama Prince Tumanov Tsereteli wahlala Odessa. Emva konyaka wabanjwa. Ndafumanisa ukuba kuphela 1914-1915 gg. cheater cranked ngaphandle maqhinga enkulu ngaphezu kwe-10! Kunjalo Tsereteli akazange Besithembe ukuzithethelela, yena kanye wathi: "Hayi andinguye isaphuli-mthetho, mna - Artist '.

indawo 7. Catch Me Ukuba

Frenk Abigneyl iminyaka emi-5 yenze inani elikhulu lobuqhophololo ezukileyo. Le ndoda yaziphalaza kwimbali Melika njengoko cheater inkulu. Ukongeza, ngokusekelwe ubomi engumphangi misebenzi yenziwa Stivena Spilberga "Catch Me Ukuba Ongaba." Ngoko ke, yintoni na odumileyo Frenk Abigneyl?

Kubuxoki enkulu uMnu Abagnale zaye anxulumene manga amaxwebhu yebhanki. imisebenzi yabo yolwaphulo Frank waqalisa kwi-16 ubudala, bakhohlisa uyise. kweminyaka 21 umfana "zizanywayo 'yemisebenzi emininzi. Yena wezingane, unjingalwazi wenzululwazi ngabantu kwaye nkqu Attorney General of Louisiana! Ukususela maqhinga uMnu Abagnale abachaphazelekayo abagcinisa yeebhanki kumazwe-26 aseYurophu.

Kwiminyaka engama-21, a engumphangi wabanjwa. Kodwa kwiminyaka 5 kamva wakhululwa kusasa komqathango wokuba wobuqhophololo yangaphambili liya kusebenzisana kunye FBI. Ngenxa yoko, kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 Frenk Abigneyl wacebisa ukuba Bureau of Investigation kwaye bancediswe ekubhentsiseni maqhinga.

indawo 6. fake Rockefeller

Christopher Rokankurt wazalelwa kwilali encinane French. Kule minyaka ingama-20 wenza ulwaphulo-mthetho yakhe yokuqala - ukuphanga bank Geneva. Emva koko, uMnu Rokankurt wemka USA. Okokuqala, uChristopher wayelilungu ukuthembakala abafazi zinhanha, sizenza unyana ka-Sofi loren okanye umtshana Dino De Laurentiis. Kungekudala UMnu Rokankurt wenza lamandulo entsha. Waba lilungu le-American James Rockefeller bhanki usapho, umseki adumileyo Standard Oli. ubomi, ingqalelo ntaka lobuqu yabasetyhini - konke oku kuye kwaba ngokoqobo for owayesakuba ndoda ilihlwempu. Kristofer Rokfeller ngokukhawuleza eyaziswa ukuzithemba abantu abaziwayo. abahlobo bakhe baqala Jean-Klod Van Damme kunye Mikki Rurk. Kodwa ke ubuqaqawuli Rockefeller wamanga elifutshane ixesha elide. Ngowe-2000, uChristopher Rokankurt wabanjwa. Emva kokuba ibheyile wobuqhophololo waya Hong Kong, apho waqhubeka umkhonyovu yakhe. Ngowe-2001, wabanjwa kwakhona kwaye esolwa ngokweba $ 40 ezigidi.

indawo-5. MMM

5 indawo th kwi nokubeka swindles enkulu kuthatha iphiramidi zemali MMM. Mavrodi Sergey ithathwa kumququzeleli we-maqhinga ezinkulu kwimbali Russia. Isakhiwo yasekwa ngowe-1989 kwaye iye yaqhubeka ukuba isebenze de 1994. Ukulungiselela MMM, Mavrodi wagqiba ukwenza igama oonobumba bokuqala amagama abasunguli balo (Sergey Panteleevicha womntakwabo-Olga Melnikova). Ekuqaleni le nkampani abanenxaxheba ekuthengisweni kweekhompyutha. Ukususela ngo-1992, lo mbutho yaqala ukuvelisa izabelo zalo, ebe kuthengiswe ngabo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ke Mavrodi usungule amatikiti MMM ekuthiwa-. Ixabiso itikiti nganye izabelo 1/100. Ngaphandle kokuba ichotshelweyo ifana engange Russian, kodwa embindini wephepha yaba umzobo Mavrodi. Ngowe-1994, MMM, bekukho ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-12 abagcinisa. Ngo-Agasti 1994, umseki impikiswano zepiramidi zemali, wabanjwa, yaye imisebenzi MMM wayeka. Ngokutsho data ezahlukeneyo, Sergei Mavrodi lobuqhophololo ochaphazelekayo malunga 10 million abagcinisa.

ubuqhetseba Financial - enye yeengxaki eziphambili kwenkulungwane XX. isakhiwo sergey Mavrodi yaba nje elinye Iinkampani ezimbalwa izigidi zabantu ubunzima kuyo. Uluhlu iiphiramidi zemali kwinkulungwane XX uyakwazi ukubona ngezantsi.

Amacebo Iphiramidi idumileyo

• Iphiramidi kak Branca. Ngowe-1970, ummi Portugal, Donna Brank wavula yebhanki yayo. Ukuze kutsalwe iimali yena wathembisa rate ngenyanga hayi ngaphantsi kwe-10% ye client nganye. Amawaka abantu abasuka kwilizwe lonke ziye zaphathiswa imali yabo ebhankini. Kodwa ngo-1984 Don Brank wabanjwa enkohlakalo grand iphiramidi scheme inciphisiwe.
• Scheme Lu Perlmana. egobile namasu abadume kokuthengisa izabelo phantse zizigidi 300 leenkampani azikho kwaukubakho.
• "European Royal Club" - inkampani owadalwa Hans Shpahtholtsem kunye Damar Bertges. Ngenxa mbutho yobuqhophololo amawaka abatyali abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo balahlekelwa $ 1 mrld.

ezilandelanayo xxi

ezilandelanayo - hayi nje ingxaki senkulungwane XX. Iintlobo kwezikim ubuqhophololo kuqhubekeka ukuzalisekiswa kude kube ngoku. Sinikela kuluhlu lwethu uyilo edume iphiramidi kwinkulungwane xxi.

• "Phinda ujonge" - inkqubo yaphuhliswa utitshala eqhelekileyo ukususela Pakistan, Syed Shah. Okokuqala, wenza isindululo kubamelwane yayo, wathembisa ukuba ngokukhawuleza kabini utyalo-mali zawo. Kungekudala, iphiramidi ukhule kwilizwe liphela. Ngenxa yoko, Shah ikwazile yokuqhatha abagcinisa imali engaphezulu kwe $ 800 million.
• Barnard Madoff iphiramidi - umkhonyovu elikhulu, ezilungiselelwe yi-usomashishini American, igqalwa omnye bubuqhophololo ezinkulu zemali kwimbali. Ngenxa fund investment Madoff umqhathile baba ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 zabantu. Umonakalo ofunyenwe abatyali, kuqikelelwa kwi $ 65 billion.

indawo 4. genius Financial of Charlz Pontsi

indawo 4th xa lweFIFA of "scam zibalaseleyo yenkulungwane" ubuqhetseba zemali abahlala Charles utya-. UMnu utya- igqalwa enye maqhinga ezinkulu kwimbali US. engumphangi zemali Future wafika kweli lizwe ngo-1903. Ngokutsho utya- ezininzi, epokothweni kwaba "$ 2 zeerandi kunye nethemba." Ngowe-1919, wathabatha umhlobo $ 200 nisekelwe iphiramidi yakhe zemali SXC. Utya- banikela abagcinisa zabo ingeniso ekuthengisweni kunye nokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, i-scammer uthembise nabathengi imbuyekezo-50% kwi-idipozithi iinyanga ezi-3. Utya- luqale ukusebenza ngempumelelo. Kodwa icebo luli lwalusiwa xa umhlobo uCharles, ayekhe kumenza imali, wafuna isiqingatha utya- yengeniso. Kwakukho kwetyala elide, ngexesha apho i "misebenzi zemali" wavakaliswa yimali kwaye wagxothelwa kwilizwe lawo. Charlz Pontsi wafa e Rio de Janeiro, apho wangcwatywa ngomhla wokugqibela $ yakhe 75.

ndawo yesi-3. owalahlwa prodigy

ndawo yesi-3 kwi simo 'ngenkulungwane scam zibalaseleyo "wathabatha Martin Fraenkel ubuqhophololo. Lo mntu, kunye noCharles utya-, a engumphangi uthathwa inkulu kwimbali US. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, uMartin bekugxeka kwabantu ngusomashishini ophumeleleyo. Inkwenkwe kokugqiba isikolo phambi kwexesha, emva koko waya eyunivesithi.

indlela mthetho wobuqhophololo lakhe luli yaqala ngo-1986, waseka inkampani investment Creative Partners Fund LP. Ngenxa yoko, uMartin Frenkel ikwazile yokuqhatha abatyali zimali zalo, zijikelezile $ 1 yezigidi. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva conman waliseka kwenye ingxowa-mali ukuze ngokwenjenjalo kwandiswe kakhulu ezingenayo zabo.

Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva Frankel weza lurhwaphilizo entsha, waza waqalisa uthenga iinkampani ze-inshorensi kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

Ngowe-1998, i-wobuqhophololo luli ezikhuphile ezimbini luncedo kakhulu: unozakuzaku American USSR yaye umbingeleli yamaKatolika ezaziwayo-kakuhle, Bawo uYakobi. Ngoncedo lwabo, wahlela ingxowa sa exhasa ibandla American, leyo, enyanisweni, elinye icebo iphiramidi.

Imisebenzi ye uMnu Frenkel yemiswa kuphela ngo-2001, xa wabanjwa waza wagwetywa iminyaka 200.

indawo 2. 419 umkhonyovu

indawo 2 in lweFIFA yeyona ubuqhetseba inkulu zemali kwinkulungwane XX. Apha ebalini, engena njengoko "ileta Nigerian" okanye "419 scam". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba cebo ezichazwe ngezantsi, iyaqhubeka ukusebenza unanamhla.

419 obeqhuba yaqala kwi 80s. leminyaka yokugqibela. Ngeli xesha, iqela-mthetho kwasekwa eNigeria, apho baqalisa ukusebenzisa ubuchule endala yokukopela abemi nje nantoni na. Kungekudala olu rhwaphilizo ndlela kwafikela kwi-Internet. Yintoni ngumongo oonobumba eNigeria?

Mail abantu abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo beze ileta evela eNigeria okanye kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika. Umthumeli icela umamkeli ukuncedisa kwimisebenzi dollar multi-million, ethembisa ipesenteji enkulu. Njengomthetho jikelele, umthumeli ubonakala yangaphambili uKumkani, yindlalifa osisityebi okanye bhanki. Le ncwadi iqulathe isicelo uncedo kuguqulelwe isixa esikhulu kwelinye ilizwe okanye ukufumana ilifa. Ukuba umamkeli uyavuma ukunceda umthumeli, akayi kuphela akayi kufumana imali ethenjisiweyo, yaye ulahlekelwa lakhe.

indawo 1. Ukuthengiswa Eiffel Tower

Ngoko ke, indawo 1st in lweFIFA yeyona ngenkulungwane scam XX kakhulu yokuqala. Kucingwa nomququzeleli uVictor Lustig. Le conman wehla kwimbali njengoko indoda abathengisa Eiffel Tower.

Ngenkulungwane XX ekuqaleni, oyinzalelwane Czech Republic Victor Lustig ukuhlala eParis. Apha cranks a maqhinga ezimbalwa, uze emva koko wafudukela eUnited States. Ngowe-1925, Lustig wabuyela Paris. Apho, ukuba amaphepha lephephandaba I ukufunda umyalezo echaza ukuba Eiffel Tower phantse azisalungiseki kwaye ezifuna ukulungiswa okanye uchitho. Olu lwazi isiseko amaqili entsha luli. Lustig, sizenza njengomlungiseleli French, uthumela tycoons bazizinhanha eYurophu zocingo ebamema ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwingxoxo bayahlelwa ngakumbi uphawu engundoqo ka Paris. Ngelo xesha nye abaqinisekise imfuneko ukugcina olu lwazi mfihlakalo. Ngenxa yoko, i $ 50 amawaka. Victor Lustig wathengisa ilungelo ukulahla Eiffel Tower Andre Poisson. Kulandelwe kungekudala emva koko abasemagunyeni French kwihlazo iye bezongena phezulu.

Lustig efudukela i-US, kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa kamva ke wabuyela eParis kwaye kwakhona athengisa Eiffel Tower (eli xesha lokuba amawaka 75. Idola).