UMthetho woLimo oLungeleyo. Izinto eziphathekayo kwingxelo yeengcamango

Umthetho wesigqibo esaneleyo ngumthetho wesine kunye wokugqibela welogical logic. Ngokomlando, yinto yakutshanje, kwaye ayikho into eyenzekayo. Ukuthelekisa, unokubona ukuba le mithetho emithathu eyandulelayo yenziwe nguAristotle kwi-4 leminyaka BC.

Kuze kubekho inkulungwane ye-18, ngenxa yemigaqo ethile, lo mthetho wawungasetyenziswanga kwimiyalezo yeklasiki. Isizathu salesi sizathu sokulibaziseka kwimbali yile nyaniso elandelayo.

Kwipaladigm enengqiqo, umthetho waqaliswa nguLeibniz, ngelixa uvumelekile ukungalungi ngokubhekiselele kwimilo ngokwalo.

ULeibniz wachaza imfuneko yokulungiswa ngokumalunga neemathematika, ezibonisa kuphela izitatimende zeengxelo ezisemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, wakwandisa imfuneko yokukhutshwa ngokusemthethweni kuyo yonke imvelo, apho kungenakwenzeka ukuvuma.

Ukukhanyela ukuba kunokwenzeka ubungqina bokuba u-ostensivnyh ubungqina, oko kukuthi, ubungqina ngamava emfundo, uLebibniz unciphise uluhlu lokusetyenziswa komthetho.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthetho wesisombululo esaneleyo ngumboniso wokwenene ukuba zonke izinto zehlabathi zinesizathu nesiphumo, zonke izinto zihambelana nomnye, akukho nto ilahleka ngaphandle kokulandelwa kwaye ayibonakali yodwa.

Kule ngcaciso, umthetho wavulwa nguDemocritus kwiminyaka engama-5-4 BC. Inkqubela yokuqhagamshelana okupheleleyo kunye nokuxhomekeke kwimiyalelo yehlabathi yabizwa ngokuba yi-"determinism".

Umthetho wesigqibo esaneleyo uthetha ukuba ingcamango okanye isigwebo asiyiyo inyaniso okanye inkohliso. Ukuze kubekho ukuqinisekiswa kwenyaniso okanye ukunyaniseka okubonakalayo, kufuneka umntu abe neliphi ubungqina obunamandla.

Inkqubo ekhethekileyo ibonwa njengobungqina, ngendlela eyenzekayo ukuba iqinisekise ukuba ingqiqo yenyaniso ihambelana.

Ngokomzekelo, inqaku elithi "Namhlanje ilanga" linokuqwalaselwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba ukhangele ngaphandle kwefestile kwaye, ukuthembela kwintliziyo, qinisekisa ukuchaneka kwesigwebo.

Nangona kunjalo, amalungiselelo anjalo asemzuzwana kwaye angawudluli onke amanqaku obungqina.

Inkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi yokutyhila inyaniso bubungqina bokuba isibheno kwiintliziyo akunakwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, isiganeko senzeke sele sidlulileyo okanye siya kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo.

Isigwebo malunga nesimo sezulu esilangaleleyo sasiya kuvakala kulezi ziko: "Izolo kwakushushu," "Kusasa kusasa."

Kwimeko yokuqala, ubungqina obukhoyo bukhona, kuba umntu unokuthembela kwimemori yakhe.

Kwimeko yesibini, umgwebo awunakutshintshi, kwaye ngoko awukwazi ukuthathwa njengokwenyaniso okanye buxoki. Ngokuphathelele imozulu ngomso, kuphela ukubikezela kunye nokucinga. Ubungqina obusekelwe kukungenzeka akuvumelekanga.

Xa uzama ukulungelelanisa ukunyaniseka okanye inyaniso yeengcamango nezigwebo, okokuqala kukufuneka ukuba uphendule ukulinganisa, ukulinganisa, ukujonga, ukuphanda-oko. Ukuqonda izinto kumxholo wabo womxholo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ulwazi oluthile lufunyenwe ekuhlolweni, okuthi, ngokubonakala kwalo kunye nokubonakaliswa, lunokuthathwa njengelinyani, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba uqinisekise iigwebo enyanisweni ngokuzifanisa neengcamango. Umthetho wesigqibo esaneleyo kwisigqibo asivumeli nje loo thuba, kodwa uvumelekile ukuwuphatha njengento ebalulekileyo yokuziphatha. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukulandelela uxhulumaniso olusemthethweni, ukungathandabuzeki kwefomu phakathi kwesiphakamiso kunye nobungqina balo.

Ngesiseko esisemthethweni, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele yonke ingcamango ngokubanzi edibeneyo, kuba yonke into yenziwe. Nangona kunjalo, umgaqo wesiseko esaneleyo awuvumeli ukuba siyeke kule nyathelo. Ukuqwalaselwa kwazo zonke iingcamango zesiseko sobungqina obufanayo, ukuba akukho nto iqinisekisiweyo, ayiyi kunika ubungqina okanye ukuphikiswa kweqiniso ukuba baye bafakazelwa. Kwaye ke, akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngaba bayinyaniso okanye bamanga.