Iyintoni ukulahla kwamandla

Umntu oqhelana nezixhobo zombane kumgangatho womsebenzisi olula (uyazi apho kunye nendlela yokuvula / ukukhutshwa ngayo), amaninzi amanqaku asetyenziswe ngababanezixhobo zombane abonakala njengento engafaniyo. Ngokomzekelo, yintoni kanye "i-voltage drop" okanye "idilesi yesiphaluka". Uphi nawawaphi na? Ngubani owaqhekeza isicwangciso seenkcukacha? Enyanisweni, intsingiselo yomzimba yeenkqubo ezenzeka emva kwamaninzi ala mazwi ziqondakala nakwiziko lolwazi lweziko le-physics.

Ukucacisa ukuba yiyiphi i-voltage drop, kuyimfuneko ukukhumbula ukuba yiziphi iindawo ezijikelezayo kwisiphaluka zombane (udidi lwehlabathi luthethwa). Kukho iintlobo ezimbini kuphela. Eyokuqala yimizila yesibonelelo samandla, esixhomekeke kwisiphaluka esicatshungulwayo. Ikwabizwa kwakhona ukuba isetyenziswe kwisiphaluka sonke. Yaye uhlobo lwesibini luyeke ukuqhuma kwamandla. Inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo kokubili kwiqonga lonke, kwaye nayiphi na into enye.

Ngokwenza oko, kubonakala ngathi. Umzekelo, ukuba uthetha isibane esiqhelekileyo se- incandescent, uyifake kwisangqa, kwaye udibanise iifowuni ukusuka kuyo ukuya kwindawo yokuphuma kwamandla emzimbeni, ngoko umbane osetyenziswa kwisiphaluka (umthombo wamandla-umqhubi-mthwalo) uya kuba yi-220 Volts. Kodwa kulungele ukusebenzisa i-voltmeter ukulinganisa ixabiso layo kwisibane, njengoko kubonakala ukuba kuncinci ngaphantsi kwe-220. Kungenxa yokuba ukuwa kwethamo kwenzeka kumbane wokhuseleko olunezibane.

Mhlawumbi akukho mntu ungayiva ngomthetho kaOmm. Ngokubanzi, ukubunjwa kwalo kubonakala ngathi:

I = U / R,

Uphi u-R ukuxhatshazwa kwesekethe okanye isici sayo, kulinganiswa kwi-Ohms; U ngumbane kwi-volts; Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ndikhoyo okwangoku ukukhupha. Njengoko kubonakala, zonke izinto ezintathu zihambelana ngqo. Ngoko ke, ukwazi ezimbini, unako ukubala ngokulula isithathu. Enyanisweni, kwimeko nganye ethile kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuqwalasela uhlobo lwangoku (oluguquguqukayo okanye oluqhubekayo) kunye nezinye iziganeko ezicacileyo, kodwa isiseko ngolu hlobo olungentla.

Amandla kagesi, enyanisweni, ukunyakaza kunye nomqhubi weengqungquthela ezilawulwa kakubi (ii-electron). Ngokomzekelo wethu, ukuvutha kwesibane kunokumelana nokuphakama okukhulu, oko kukuthi, kuthoba i-electron ihamba. Ngenxa yoko, kubonakala i-luminescence ebonakalayo, kodwa amandla epheleleyo we-particle flux iyancipha. Njengoko kubonakala kwi-formula, njengoko ukuhla kwehla, i-voltage nayo iyancipha. Yingakho iziphumo zemilinganiselo kwi-outlet kunye nesibane zihlukile. Lo mmahluko ukuwa kwethamo. Eli xabiso lisoloko liqwalaselwe ukuba likhusele kakhulu kunciphisa kwizinto ekupheleni kwesekethe.

I-voltage yehla kwi-resistor ixhomekeke ekumanyeni kwangaphakathi kwaye ikhoyo ihamba ngoku. Iqondo lokushisa kunye nemimandla yangoku nayo inokuchaphazeleka ngqo. Ukuba i-ammeter ifakwe kwisiphaluka esicatshungulwayo, i-drop can be determined by multiplying the value of current by the resistance lamp.

Kodwa akude kunakho konke ukukwazi ukubala i-voltage drop by uncedo lwefomula elula kunye nesixhobo sokulinganisa. Kwimeko yokuxhatshazwa okuxhumeneyo, ukufumana ubungakanani bunzima kunzima. Ukongezwa kwangoku kufuneka kulandelelwaniswe iqwalasela into esebenzayo.

Khawucinge ngomzekelo ngeendlela ezimbini ezixhatshaziweyo ezinxulumene neR1 neR2. Ukuxhatshazwa kwentambo ye-R3 kunye nomthombo wamandla uR0 uyaziwa. Kwakhona kunikwa ixabiso le-EMF - E.

Yenza ama-parallel afanayo kwinani elilodwa. Kule meko, le fom:

R = (R1 * R2) / (R1 + R2)

Misela ukuxhathisa isiphaluka sonke ngesistim R4 = R + R3.

Sibala ngoku:

I = E / (R4 + r)

Uhlala ufumanisa ukuba ixabiso le-voltage liwe phezu kwento ekhethiweyo:

U = I * R5

Nantsi into "R5" ingaba nayiphi na i-R - ukusuka ku-1 kuya kwe-4, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba elithile lesekethe kufuneka libalwe.