Yintoni i-phenology? Iimbono zePhenological

Ukuqwalaselwa rhoqo kweenguqu zonyaka kwenziwa ngokweziganeko eziphawulekayo kwimvelo. Zonke iinkcukacha ezifunyenweyo zihlelwe kwinkqubo enye. Kubizwa ngokuba yi-phenology jikelele. Ukuqhubela phambili siya kuqhelana nale ngqeqesho ngokubanzi. Makhe sifumane ukuba izifundo zophando zezenzululwazi.

I sigama

Imbali esemthethweni ye-phenology yaqala phakathi kwekhulu le-19. Eli qela lacetyiswa nguCharles Morran (isityalo saseBelgium). I-Phenology njengenzululwazi yinkqubo yolwazi kunye nokuqokelela ulwazi malunga neenkwenkwezi zenkcubeko kwindalo, izizathu zazo kunye nexesha lokubakho. Ukuqwalaselwa kwenzelwa kwisiseko sezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-pheno-indicators (yintoni le - siza kuxubusha ngezantsi). Ukuthetha malunga nokufundwa kwezinto ze-phenology, kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba kwixesha lophando lwezithuba zengqondo kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo lokuguqulwa kwezinto zendalo kunye namaqela abo ahambelana nokuhamba kweMhlaba nge-Sun ngunyaka.

Iimpawu

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zenziwa ngeemeko eziphawulekayo zendalo. Kubo, umzekelo, kunokuthiwa yi- bird cherry, ukubonakala kwe "amacici" kwi-birch okanye e-yellowing yamacembe. Yonke le miqondiso ibizwa ngokuthi "i-pheno-indicators". Ziyakubonisa ukutshintshwa kwezilwanyana zasendle ukususela kwisigaba esinye sonyaka ukuya kwesinye.

Umlinganiselo weqondo lokushisa

Ngokusekelwe kule parameters, inkcazo ecacileyo ngakumbi yezinto zendalo zenziwa. Ngoko, umzekelo, ishintsho esisigxina kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphezulu kweentsuku ezingaphezu kwama-0 degrees libhekwa njengento yokufika kwemozulu entwasahlobo, kunye ne-15-yehlobo. Ukuthetha malunga nento eyenziwa yi-phenology, umntu akanakunceda ukuthetha ukuba yonke inkqubo yophando yakhiwe ngokuhlalutya kwexesha lexesha elide. Ngokomzekelo, utshintsho oluncinci kumanqaku okushisa luqwalaselwa - emva kwamadireji amahlanu. Ngenxa yoko, ngalinye ixesha lihlukaniswe libe ngamaxesha amancinci - ii-phenological phases. Ixesha ngalinye linemiqathango yalo yemvelo (iziganeko). Siyabonga, abaphandi bahlukanisa isigaba esinye kwenye. Iimviwo zeempawu eziqhelekileyo zinegama lawo, ezijoliswe kwiikhalenda zabantu.

Indlela yophando

Ixesha lexesha kunye nomdlalo wexesha. Ukubonwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, eziyinkqubo yendabuko okanye indlela, sivumele ukuba sibhale ixesha lokuvela kwezinto ezithile. Ukufezekisa ukufaniswa kolwazi olufunyenwe ngabaphandi abahlukeneyo, iinkqubo ezizodwa, ama-atlasi kunye neenkcazelo kubo zihlanganisiwe. Iimpapasho ezinjalo zichaza i-phenophases yezityalo kunye neziganeko zonyaka zezilwanyana. Kwiinjongo zenzululwazi, ukubonwa kwezinto ze-phenological kuyindlela yokufunda izinto zeendawo kunye nezinto eziphilayo kunye nokusekwa rhoqo.

Spring: ulwazi jikelele

Ngasentla, ucinga ngombuzo wento engumzekelo, sichaze ukuba le nkqubo inesakhiwo esikhethekileyo. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba kuqeqesho kukho amaxesha (amaxesha amade anxulumene namaxesha), zikhona ixesha elifutshane elifutshane. Ngoko, entwasahlobo iquka i-4-season-off. Ngamnye wabo unezibonakaliso zakhe.

Iqhwa leqhwa

Le yenkqutyana yokuqala yonyaka. Iqala ngemfundo kwintsimi yokuqala yokubamba. Ukuphela kwexesha kuthatyathwa i-hazel-hazel yokuqala kunye ne-alder grey. Ngeli xesha, ama-larks, ama-starling, ama-seagull kunye nama-rooks afika. I-birch kunye neemaple zibonisa ukuvuvukala kweentso kunye nokunyuka kwejusi. Emasimini iqhwa liqala ukunyamalalala kunye nekhephu liphela ngokukhawuleza, iinqaba zikhululiwe kwiqhwa. Kule nkqutyana-ntsuku, ukuloba kwiqhwa kunye nokuloba ngamanzi avulekileyo kuqala. Abanye abemi beenqanawa (i-ruff, asp, podost, dace, ide, pike) baqala ukulungiselela, kwaye kwezinye iindawo baqala ukuhluma. Kwezinye iindawo, i-bream ne-roach ibanjwe kakuhle ngeli xesha.

Uvuselelo lweSwitzerland

Ukuqala kwenkqutyana yesibini yenkqutyana ihambelana neentyantyambo ze-alder grey. Isibonakaliso esona sichaphazelekayo sale xesha kubahlali basezidolophini ngumama nonina, ojika ngeqashiso kwiindawo ezingenamntu. Ukuqala kweziganeko eziqhelekileyo kweli xesha kwiBakala eliPhakathi lihlala ligcinwa ngo-Apreli 15-20. Ngeli xesha, ukunyamalala kokugqibela kweqhwa kwimigodla. Umhlaba uqala ukuma ovela phezulu. Ngexesha elifanayo baya kudlula abantu kunye neendlela ezifikelelekayo zokuthutha. Oku, kuvulela, kuvulwa indlela yokungena kwiindawo ezizithulu. Kwinqanaba elincinane lesibini, ama-woodcocks kunye neenqanawa ziyafika, kubonakala i-bumblebees, kwaye amaxoxo aqala "ukukhahlela". Emva koko kukho imvuselelo yemifuno yomhlaba. Ngokumalunga nabemi bomlambo, ukuzaliswa kwe-yaz kunye ne-pike kuphelile, ngelixa i-asp kunye ne-ruff ziqhubeka zihluma, ngelixa i-perch ne-bream ziqala kuphela. Ngalolu hlobo lulandelayo kwiibhoksi i-buds sele iqhambile, kwaye i-elm "iqokelela uthuli".

Ukuphakama kwentwasahlobo

Ekuqaleni kwenkqutyana yesithathu yenkqutyana, ii-birches zase zambethe amahlamvu aluhlaza. Phantse amabini amabini ngeli xesha, kukho ukufudumala. Ukushisa komoya akukhuphuki nje kuphela emini, kodwa nobusuku. Ukuhluma kwemifuno nemithi kuya kuba mkhulu, ukuqala kwemifuno yemifuno iqala. Izinambuzane ziba ngaphezulu, kunye neengoma zeentaka ezondla kuzo. Emasimini, kumadlelo kunye nakumahlathi kukho ukukhawuleza ukutsalana nokugquma. Kwiindawo ezinxweme, i-nightingale trills zivakala, kwaye kwiindawo zokutya kunye neendawo-izigwaca. Uqala ukucula kunye ne-korostel-dergach. Ezinye iimpawu ziquka ukugqitywa kokuzaliswa kwe-yaz kwaye yaqhubeka phantsi kunye ne-roach. I-pike iqala, i-bream ibanjwe ibanjwe, ebenayo ixesha lokutshala, i-chaff ne-crucian carp. Ukuphela kwesigxina kuboniswa yi-lilac ebomvu ne-ash ash.

"U kuhamba"

I sigaba sesine sibonakala ngokugqitywa kweentyantyambo zeziqhamo, ukunqunyulwa kweentyatyambo kunye nobusika busika. Iziganeko ezenzeka kweli xesha zihambelana nokuhamba kweentlanzi. Kwiindawo ezomileyo, ukuhluma kwe-niovanist-horseman kuphawulwe, kwaye kwiindawo ezinamanzi zikhohliwe.

Ihlobo: 1 i-off-season

Okokuqala, kufuneka ndithi eli xesha lihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu. Iyokuqala ukuqala kwehlobo. Ngeli nqanaba kubonakaliswa ukuvuthwa kwe-dogrose. Le nto ihamba kunye nezinye iziganeko. Ngoko, umzekelo, kwimiyezo ihluma i-chubushnik kunye ne-viburnum, kwi-rye-field, rye, ilinen kunye ne-cornflower, emanzini-i-white white lily. Iqondo lokushisa liphakama, umoya uvuselela ngakumbi. Ngeli xesha ixesha elide kakhulu lonyaka. Kukho ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa kumagumbi.

Ihlobo "elipheleleyo"

Ukuqala kweyesibini, okuphambili, i-sub-season ihambelana neentyantyambo ze - linden ezincinci. Le ngqungquthela kumgca ophakathi ibonwa, njengommiselo, phakathi kukaJulayi 5 no-15. Kwizixeko ezinkulu, nangona kunjalo, oku kwenzeka kancinci ngaphambili. Njengesikhokelo sokuqala kwehlobo epheleleyo, kufuneka usebenzise ukuvuthwa kwamakharathwane amnyama kunye nobomvu, i-strawberries yasegadi kunye nakwihlathi le-blueberries. I nightingales iqala ukufa kwaye iicucos iphela. Etshini zedolophu i-yellow tansy kunye ne-blue chicory. Amacangci avela kwinani elikhulu.

Ukuwa kwehlobo

Eli lixesha lokugqibela, lesithathu lenkqutyana. Eli xesha libonakaliswa ngokuqala kokuvuthwa kwama-crranberries. Ubusuku bubude obubonakalayo. Ubomvu obushushu buqala ukuwa phezu komgca. Ukushisa kwamanzi kwimilambo kunye namachibi kuncipha. Ingca, eyagqitywa ngexesha lokuqhawula, ngeli xesha linalo ixesha lokukhula.

Kwindla: ekuqaleni

Eli xesha, njengesihlobo sasehlobo, luquka izigaba ezintathu. Inxalenye yaseYurophu yeRussia Federation ihlala iinyanga ezili-3. Ukuqala kwekwindla kubonakala ngokubonakala kwemigqa ephuzi kwisithsaba se-elm, i-linden kunye ne-birch. Ukuphela kwenkqutyana yenkqutyana imakwe xa inani lamagqabi aluhlaza kunye nebala eliba lilingana. Oku kudla ngokugqithiseleyo kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo yeSeptemba, kwaye kwidampu nemfudumala yefudumala-ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha. Amakhowe e-Honey aqala ukuvela ehlathini. Emoyeni, kukho i-tenetnik, iwebhu ehambahambayo. Amanzi aqhubeka epholile, kodwa emanzini amakhulu amanzi, ubushushu buhlahla ngokungenalutho ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

"IAgust Autumn"

Okwesibini emva kwayo ibonakaliswa ngamaqabunga anqabileyo kunye nokuwa. Amahlathi aqala ukuqala, iintaka ziqokelela emhlambini kwaye zinyuka ziye emazweni atshisayo. Ukulungele ukufuduka kunye nokuhamba ngaphandle kweendlela kunye nemigqomo yamasimini kunye neengqungquthela. Ukuphela kokuwa kwe-elm, aspen kunye ne-birch kubonisa ukuqala kwekwindla ephantsi. Eli xesha lide lide lize liphele iqhwa. Ubushushu bubuncinane, imihlambi yokugqibela yamadada, i-swans kunye neesezi zindiza ukuya ngasentla. Amanzi kunye nomoya ophezulu ucolile ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaphambi kwebusika

I-autumn iphela ixesha, yinto yenguqu ebusika. Enyanisweni, kule ngqungquthela enikezelwayo inegama layo. Ekuqaleni kweli xesha, iqhwa lokuqala liwa. Isigaba siphelela ngokuqhaqha kunye nokubunjwa kwendlela yoyilo.

Ubusika

Abaphandi bexesha eli lixesha bahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu. Ngethuba lonke ixesha izityalo zisezinzulwini ezinzulu, kwaye zonke iintlobo zeentaka zikhona kuphela ezo zilungele ukutshisa ubusika. Ehlathini kuya kuba yinto engenanto-phantse zonke izilwanyana ziwela ebusweni, kwaye nabani na ongalali-zifihla emingxeni. Njengomthetho, ubusika luqala ukususela ekupheleni kukaNovemba kwaye luhlala kude kube malunga nesiqingatha sesibini seMatshi.

Inyoni yokuqala

Ekuqaleni kweli qela elingaphambili lonyaka iinqaba zihlanganiswe ngeqhwa eliqinileyo. Ukususela ngeli xesha, ukuloba kweqhwa kuvula. Isigaba siphela ngomhla wama-20 kuDisemba, ngexesha lokubhakabhaka kwasebusika. Ekuqaleni, ukukrakra okukhulu kunokuba "kungenangqondo" ngandlela-thile, njengoko i-ice cover iyancipha, iintsuku zifutshane, kwaye umthamo we-oksijeni echithwe iyancipha emanzini.

Umsuka wobusika

Le yesiqendu sesibini. Iqala, ngokomthetho, ngoFebruwari. Ngeli xesha, uqala "ukucula" i-titmouse enkulu.

Ukuphuka kwebusika

Isigaba sokugqibela siqala ngokukongeza kwimihla yokukhanya. Ukususela kule mzuzu kufika "intwasahlobo yokukhanya". Qala ukukhula kwama-icicles, amaconsi ahla. Ebudeni bemini, ilanga lifudumele ngokufudumele.

Ukudibanisa iziganeko

Ukubuyela kumbuzo wento ye-phenology, siyabona ukuba akuyiyo kuphela imiba yendalo efundelwa kwisiseko soqeqesho. Nanku kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuxhomekeka kwexesha lamaxesha kunye nezigaba kwimihlaba kunye nommandla wendawo. Zonke iixesha zidibeneyo. Isigaba ngasinye senzeka ngexesha elithile. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyuka kwentwasahlobo yentsuku kuqala kuza kwiqabunga lebalaphu. Emva kweveki ezimbini emva kokuqala kwayo kuya kuba nokuvuvukala kweentso kufuphi ne-birch, leyo eyona nto ibonakaliso kubadobi: ngenxa yoko, i-ide isebenza. Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaso, ubushushu obushushu bubaluleke kakhulu emini. Kuze iphakame ngaphezulu kwama-degrees ama-5 (kunye nesibonakaliso esongezelelweyo), izityalo ziphefumlelweyo.

Kutheni uphando?

Iindlela kunye nemisebenzi ye-phenology zibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye, okokuqala, kuqoqosho lozwelonke. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lenza isiseko seekhalenda zeemeko zonyaka. Ezo zinto zisetyenziselwa umbutho wemisebenzi ekukhuselweni kwendalo, ukulwa nezifo zityalo eziluncedo, ukupheliswa kweentsholongwane ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ulwazi malunga nexesha lokuhamba kweentaka ezibalulekileyo kubalulekile kwi-aircraft. Ucwaningo olukude lomhlaba lufuna idatha ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokwenza uphando malunga nexesha leentaka ezifudukayo. Iziphumo zokubonwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zisetyenziselwa ukuyila ii-sanatoriums, ukucwangcisa iindlela zokutyelela. Izifundo ziyakwazi ukubona izikhombisi zendalo zendawo, ezinikezela ithuba lokumisela imeko yendalo yonyaka kwaye iqikelele uhlobo lobume bezityalo.

Iimephu zePhenological, ngokukodwa imephu ephakamileyo, zifunekayo ukucwangcisa ezo okanye ezinye iimveliso zonyaka. Imiqondiso yemvelo ibalulekile xa kuphuhliswa imimandla kunye nokuzalisa iintlobo ezintsha zezilwanyana nezityalo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuthetha ngento eyenziwa yi-phenology, umntu unokufumana isigqibo esicacileyo: lo luleko luyinkimbinkimbi. Iquka iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zophando. Zonke ezi zifundo zenzululwazi, zivumela ukusetyenziswa kokusingqongileyo kwemvelo.