I-Acetylene: isicelo kwiyeza, kwishishini

I-Acetylene ibhekisela kuma- hydrocarboni angenayo . Olu hlobo, kunye neengqungquthela zalo ezahlukeneyo, lusebenza njengento ebalulekileyo yokuqulunqwa kwenani elikhulu lemveliso yamakhemikhali.

Iipropati kunye nokulungiswa kwe-acetylene

Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nobushushu obuqhelekileyo, i-acetylene yerhasi engenambala. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa lihla kwixabiso le -85 degrees okanye liphantsi, ngoko olu xhumo luya kwimeko eyahlukileyo-esisigxina. Kule meko, i-crystals yenziwe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwi-liquidity and solid state ye-acetylene inokutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza ngaphantsi kwefuthe lokutshatyalaliswa okanye impembelelo (i-hydraulic or mechanical). Yiyo le propati ebeka ngokubanzi inqanaba layo. Ukutshatyalaliswa komlilo kwe-acetylene kwenzeka phambi kooksijini. Njengomphumo wale nkqubo, kuphuma ilangatye, ebonakalayo ngeqondo eliphezulu (3150 degrees) xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zamatye.

Indlela eyona nto yokuvelisa i-acetylene yindlela yokuphendula ngayo i- calcium carbide kunye namanzi. Le nqubo iqhutyelwa kumaqondo ashushu ajikeleze i-2000 degrees kwaye iphela.

Kukho into enjalo njengomvuno we-acetylene. Esi sixa semali, esakhutshwa ngenxa yesiphulo se-1 kg ye-calcium carbide. I-GOST 1460-56 ibeka ixabiso elithile lolu xabiso, oluxhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwizinga le-granulation yezinto zokuqala. Ngaloo ndlela, umphumo wobuncinane obukhulu beengqungquthela ze-calcium carbide yinciphisa isivuno se-acetylene.

Le pateni yiphumo lobukho kwiintlobo ezincinci ze-carbide ukungcola, njenge- calcium oxide.

Kukho ezinye, iindlela ezincinci kunye nezindleko zokufumana amandla ase-acetylene. Ngokomzekelo, impendulo ye-thermooxidative pyrolysis yemethane evela kwi-gesi yendalo; Ukuchithwa kweoli, i-parafini kunye nezinye iintlobo zepetropyrolisis.

Ukugcina nokuthutha

Zonke iindlela zokugcina nokuhamba ziquka ukusetyenziswa kweesilinda. Zizaliswe ngumbutho okhethekileyo wokuzibandakanya. Ihlanganiswe ne-acetone, ephilisa i-acetylene kakuhle. Ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela kuvumela ukunyusa kakhulu amandla okugcwalisa i-acetylene cylinder kwaye, ngokubalulekayo, iyanciphisa ukuqhuma kwayo.

Ukuqhagamshelana okude kwe-acetylene kunye neensimbi ezinjengezothusi kunye nesilivere kunokukhokelela ekunyuseni. Ngenxa yoko, akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa izinto ezinokuthi ziqule ezi zinyithi, umzekelo kumagatya.

Njengomthetho, iipilisi kufuneka zibe neepasiti ezikhethekileyo, ezenzelwe ngqo ukugcinwa kwe-acetylene.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokugcwele kwalo lonke umthamo we-cylinder kunokufezwa ngokugcina izitya ezingenanto ukuze i-acetone isasazwe kuyo yonke umthamo we-silinda. Kwaye oku kuyenzeka kuphela kwisimo esingenanto. Ukuzaliswa kwesitya kufuneka kuphuphe kakhulu, kubalulekile ukudibana neemeko zokusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuchithwa kwe-acetylene kwi-acetone, kwaye ngokukodwa isantya sayo.

Iinzuzo ze-Acetylene

Inzuzo ephambili ye-acetylene ngaphambi kokuba ifunyenwe ngokusebenzisa i-generator ephathekayo ukusuka kwi-calcium carbide kukuba xa usebenzisa iisilinda, umsebenzi we-welder ukwanda ngama-20%, kwaye ukulahlekelwa kwe-acetylene kuncitshiswa ngama-25%. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukwanda kobuchule kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kweposi, ukukhusela. Ngokuphambene negesi efunyenwe kwi-calcium carbide, i-acetylene echithwe iqukethe into engaphantsi kwamanye amazwe, oko kukuthi, ukungcola, okwenza kube nako ukuyisebenzisa kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-welding.

Izicelo eziphambili ze-acetylene

• Ukwehliswa kunye nokusika izitye.
• Sebenzisa njengomthombo wokukhanya okukhanyayo, omhlophe. Kule meko, sithetha nge-acetylene, etholakala ngokusebenzisana kwe-calcium carbide kunye namanzi. Kule meko, izibane ezimileyo zisetyenziswa.
• Ukuveliswa kweziqhumane.
• Ukulungiswa kwamanye amaqumrhu kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, eziyi-acetic acid, i-ethyl yotywala, i-solvents, iiplastiki, i-rubber, i-hydrocarbons enamakha.

I-Acetylene: isicelo sokwakhiwa kunye noshishino

Umsebenzi ohamba ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokunyuka kuhamba kunye nazo zonke izigaba zokwakha. Kule mi sebenzi yomsebenzi esebenzisa i-acetylene. Kwisixhobo esikhethekileyo esibizwa ngokuba ngumshiseli, kukho umxube wegesi kunye nokuphendula komlilo ngokwawo. Iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu le mpendulo liphunyezwe ngequlatho ye-acetylene ye-45% yombhalo webhaluni.

Izilwanyana ezinegesi ziphawulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: zipapashwe zimhlophe ezimhlophe zibhale ubhala: "I-Acetylene"

Umsebenzi wokwakha uqhutyelwa ikakhulukazi emoyeni. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetylene kunye nama-homologists phantsi kwalo mqathango akufanele kuthinteke ngokukhanya kwelanga. Iiphulaphu ezincinane kufuneka zihambisane nokugqitywa kweevini ezitshisiweyo, kunye nexesha elide-ukufakwa kwamagatya e-cylinders ngokwabo.

Kwimveliso yechemicals, i-acetylene ifuna kakhulu. Isicelo saso siquka ukusetyenziswa kwesi salo kwinkqubo yokufumana iimveliso ze-organic synthesis. I -rubber yokwenziwa, iiplastiki, i-solvents, i-actic acid, njl njl.

I-Acetylene, ekubeni yi-fuel universal, isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinkqubo ezibandakanya unyango lwegesi. Kubalulekile ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetylene kumashishini kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokugcinwa kwamanyathelo okukhusela, kuba igazi eliqhumayo.

Izibane zeCarbide

Igama elithi "isibane se-carbide" ngenxa yokusetyenziswa njengomthombo okhanyayo womlilo ovulekileyo we-jet ye-acetylene. Ngoku, ngokufanelekileyo, ifunyenwe ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwe-calcium carbide ngamanzi.

Ezi zibane zazisasazwa kwixesha elidlulileyo. Babenokubonakala kwiimoto, imoto kunye neebhasiki. Ngezihlandlo zanamhlanje, izibane ze-carbide zisetyenziselwa kuphela kwimeko yesiphumo esiphuthumayo sesibane esinamandla esisodwa. Ngoko ke, i-speleologists ihlala isisebenzisa. Izitambo zokukhanya ezikude zibonelela ngezibane, kuba lolu hlobo lokukhanyisa lunenzuzo kakhulu kunokuba kunikezelwa ngamagqa okusebenza amandla. Kuqhelekile ukusebenzisa izibane ezinqanawa ezide.

I-Acetylene: sebenzisa kwiyeza

Liyintoni na into esetyenziswe kule ndawo? I-anesthesia jikelele ibandakanya ukusebenzisa i-alkynes. I-Acetylene yenye yezo gesi ezisetyenziselwa ukuphuza i-anesthesia. Kodwa isicelo salo salo sihlala sisesekudlulileyo. Ngoku kukho iindlela ezininzi zamandulo nezikhuselekileyo ze-anesthesia.

Nangona kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetylene kwakungekho mngcipheko, kuba ngaphambi kokuba ixabiso lokugxininiswa kwomoya ophefumlelweyo lifike kumngcipheko onobungozi, umda ophantsi wokutshabalalisa uya kudluliselwa.

Imeko ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenzisa le gesi kukuthotyelwa kwamanyathelo okukhusela. Kunzima ukugqithisa indlela i-acetylene eyingozi ngayo. Isicelo saso sinokwenzeka kuphela emva kokufezekisa zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko nabasebenzi beendlela ezahlukeneyo apho zisetyenzisiweyo.