"Umthendeleko": isishwankathelo. "Umthendeleko" (Nekrasov) njengentloko mbongo "Ngubani Ubomi Well eRashiya?"

umbongo Nekrasov kaThixo "Ngubani Ubomi Well eRashiya" wadalwa iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Kwenzeka ukuba wokugqibela, owesine, waba yintloko "ngetheko." Kule yokugqibela, yena ufumana ngesiphelo ethile - kwakusazeka ukuba umbhali likwazile ukuphumeza isicwangciso ngokupheleleyo. Oku kubonakala kwinto yokuba umbhali ngokungangqalanga uzibiza ndonwabe eRashiya. It Grisha, ngubani wagqiba ukunikela ubomi bakhe ekukhonzeni abantu kanye ezweni.

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Kwisahluko "kwitheko" isenzo senzeka kwindawo kweenxweme iVolga River, phezu ngaphandle lali Vahlachina. Kukho lisoloko ndawo iziganeko ibalulekileyo: leeholide, kunye nobundlobongela ngokuchasene njengomoni. Imibutho isidlo esikhulu sele abazaziyo umfundi Klim. Sondela vahlakami, phakathi kwabo kwakukho Vlas umdala, umdikoni wecawa Trifon kunye noonyana bakhe: elinethoba Savvushka kunye Gregory kunye, ubuso baluthuthu obhityileyo, kwaye ezingcakacileyo iinwele, olugobileyo lokuvala, wahlala phantsi, kunye nesixhenxe abalinganiswa abaphambili walo mbongo "Ngubani Ubomi Well eRashiya". Sahlala apha njengoko abantu belinde phenyane, kunye namahlwempu, phakathi aba sisibhadu nomntan'ezulu uthule.

amafama Local bahlanganisana phantsi womngcunube kwakudala ngengozi. ISahluko "Feast kwi iindaba zehlabathi" Nekrasov aqhagamishelana ibali "yokugqibela-azalwe", nto leyo ingxelo ukufa amanene. Vahlaki waqalisa ukuba mabenze ntoni esinendawo ukuba ngoku besithembe ukuba. Hayi rhoqo, kodwa kwenzeka ukuba abalimi kuwa zaso ayisikeleleyo zomhlaba esinendawo nemithi. abanikazi bawo musa va umdala abaxhomekeke, iirhafu eziqokelelweyo. Loo vahlaki ofuna bapase Vlas amadlelo. Klim wavakalisa ukuba oku ngaphezu uya kwanela yentlawulo kunye irhafu kunye nerhafu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uzive ukhululekile. Oku sisiqalo isahluko kunye nesishwankathelo yayo. "Umthendeleko" Nekrasov waqhubeka impendulo intetho Vlas kunye neempawu zayo.

indoda uhlobo-zilumkileyo

Ngoko wabiza vahlaki ngumdala. Wayebalasele ngobulungisa kwaye bazama ukunceda amafama, ubakhusele zenkohlakalo lo mhlaba. Ebutsheni bakhe Vlas zonke ezithenjiweyo okuhle, kodwa naluphi na utshintsho olwenziwe isithembiso enye kuphela okanye isiprofeto. Ukususela kule usodolophu ibeyinto ongakholwayo esisifu. Kwaye yonke fun a wonke ngesiquphe yaye bambamba. Akazange akukholelwe oko ngoku, ke, kuza ubomi ngaphandle irhafu, intonga kunye serfdom. Imibuliso Uncumo Vlas umbhali ithelekisa kunye sunbeam, ubutyebi macala onke. Kwaye, imvakalelo esitsha ngaphambili unexplored beza phezu bonke. Ukuze babhiyozele, nezona yakukha, isiqalo ngoma. Omnye kubo, "ochwayitileyo", wenza Grisha - ngezantsi unikwa isishwankathelo esifutshane.

"Umthendeleko" kuquka iingoma eziliqela ngobomi nzima umlimi.

Kwi iqashiso ekrakra

Xa isicelo seminarians ababehlangene wakhumbula abanam. Isixelela ibali abantu ukuzikhusela phezu kwabo ukuphembelela. Ekubeni umnini bawuthimbile yenkomo mfo, ijaji ekhethiweyo amantshontsho. isiphelo yaseXhora abantwana: Amantombazana nilindele abakhonzi, kunye namakhwenkwe - inkonzo ende. izandi Ilusizi imvelaphi la mabali ziphindwa ndedeba: "Kumnandi ukuba baphile ngabantu abangcwele eRashiya."

Emva koko vahlaki sang ekhayeni lakhe - malunga serfdom. Efanayo lusizi: ochwayithileyo umphefumlo intsomi okwangoku yasungulwa.

"Corvee": Isishwankathelo

"Umthendeleko" imalunga ukuba siphile ngayo vahlakam kunye nabamelwane babo. Eli bali yokuqala imalunga Kalinushka ogama umva "hombisa" zixela - yaye ngokufuthi kakhulu Ababethwa - nesisu ukusuka vspuh umququ. Ithemba iya enkantini kwaye ofihla iwayini nentlungu - ukuba sibuye nomkhwezeli ngoMgqibelo umfazi wakhe.

Okulandelayo, ixelela ibali ngendlela abemi baphathwa Vahlachiny mhlaba. Xa umsebenzi kwemini njengoko nzima, yaye ebusuku ulindele abathunywa wathumela ukuba amantombazana. Ehlazweni akusekho omnye amehlo abathi ayikwazanga unokuyitshintsha lizwi.

Umlimi kwamakhelwane wamxelela indlela mhlaba kukuliphi wagqiba ekubeni Congress nabani owayeza kuthi ilizwi elinamandla. Namayalis - ngenxa ngaphandle Sasungulwa ayenzayo. Kodwa ukwenza inkululeko narugalis inala ...

Head of "womthendeleko" iyaqhubeka ibali ligorha entsha - Vikent'ev Alexandrovich. Okokuqala bekhonza Baron, ngoko ke waya somcinga. Waxelela ibali lakhe.

Le lackeys athembekileyo uYakobi

Polivanov uthenge kwilali isicengo, wahlala khona iminyaka engama-33. Wayedumile ngenkohlakalo: ukuba intombi yakhe emtshatweni, ngoko eqingqiweyo bawasukela abaselula. Kwelinye abanini musa vodilsya, wayebawa, eninzi yokusela. Slave uYakobi, ababekhonza naye esemncinane, nto yagaleleka esithendeni emlonyeni, kwaye nene kuzo zonke holil indlela mhle. Ngoko bobabini esekhona ukwaluphala. Bema e Polivanova imilenze buhlungu, waza wanceda akukho unyango. Ngaba bona bekwazi ukuba badlale amakhadi kodwa udade Umnini-mhlaba ukuze kutyelela iindawo. Yakov wamzonda inkosi yakhe waza wayithimba ukuya iindwendwe. Kude kube ngoko yonke into wahamba ngoxolo. Ewe, wakhula kuphela umkhonzi kunye nomtshana uGregory wayefuna ukutshata. Wathi akuva ukuba umtshakazi - Arish, Polivanov waba nomsindo, wamfaka iliso phezu kwakhe. Waza wamnika umyeni a ngokumenywa. Kakhulu sone uYakobi, ndaqalisa ukusela. A gentleman waziva udidekile ngaphandle othembekileyo mkhonzi, awababiza umninawa wakhe. Le inxalenye yokuqala yebali kunye nesishwankathelo yayo.

"Umthendeleko" Nekrasov iyaqhubeka ibali ngayo uYakobi wagqiba kwelokuba akayi kukha abalungise na umtshana wakhe. Emva kwexesha wabuyela enkosini yakhe, wazohlwaya waza waba ngakumbi ukukhonza. Loo nto nje kuba lisibekele. Thile inkosi khoboka ukundwendwela udade wabo. Endleleni ngesiquphe wajika waya ebisenyobeni, apho ehlathini kwakukho ematyotyombeni, wema phantsi kwemithi. Xa le unhitch amahashe, watyhwatyhwa umnikazi wacela. Kodwa uYakobi nje wahleka ngolunya, waza waphendula ukuba wayeza ukumbulala mdaka izandla zakhe. Balinqabisa izintso emthini omkhulu wepayini kunye intloko yakhe irhintyela ... Inkosi akhwaze, oxineneyo, kodwa akukho bani uva. Ikhoboka ngaphezu ilenga yakhe kwentloko, zooswingi. Kuphela ngentsasa elandelayo wabona Polivanova umzingeli saya ekhaya. inkosi kambe kuphela wathi: "Ndonile! Phumeza mna! ".

Imbambano malunga aboni

Umbalisi nqumama, waza waqalisa amadoda baxabane. Abanye bazisola uYakobi, enye - inkosi. Saze saqalisa ukuba isigqibo sokuba ngubani na kakhulu enesono: berhafu, abaqeshisi, abalimi? Merchant Eremin ebizwa abaphangi, nto leyo eyabangela nobudenge phakathi Klima. Kungekudala ingxabano yazo kwakhula silwe. Ayicamagushele womrhwebi kunye ndoda yagqiba ekubeni behleli cwaka de ngoko uMntanezulu Ionushka. Waxelela ibali lakhe, nto leyo eya kuqhubeka isishwankathelo isahluko "itheko."

Malunga bangabasemzini, balundwendwe emhla

Ionushka waqala nesibakala sokuba abantu abangenamakhaya eRashiya baninzi. Ngamanye amaxesha nemizana yonke yo biha. Abantu abanjalo epuluweni, azivuni, kunye namafama ungenzi elisemqolo igama koovimba. Kakade ke, kuza kulo abangendawo phakathi kwabo, ezifana umjikelezi-isela, okanye nabasemzini, inkohliso iindlela inkosikazi. Ezaziwayo kunye nendoda endala, abaphinda ukufundisa amantombazana ukucula, kodwa namaxhoba kuphela kubo bonke. Kodwa ke amaxesha amaninzi abasemzini - abantu abalungileyo-natured njengoko Fomushka ohlala uThixo, ebhinqe imixokelelwane udle isonka kuphela.

Waxelela Ionushka kunye Kropilnikove abafika Usolovo, bathi abantu belali akekho, wabanyanzela ukuba aye kweli hlathi. Sisibhadu wacela ukuba zingenise, basiwa entolongweni, yaye wathi sonke elo lokulinda phambi kwentaba, kwaye ubomi nzima ngakumbi. babhaptizwa abahlali kukoyika, kwaye kusasa ukuya kwidolophana ekufutshane kwafika amajoni kuloo waya kunye usolovtsam. Ngoko kwazaliseka isiprofeto Kropilnikova.

I "Umthendeleko" Nekrasov kwaye iquka inkcazo indlu enguronta umlimi, wema apho Zakhozhiy sisibhadu. yonke Intsapho limaxhaphetshu yokusebenza nokuphulaphula yokulinganisa kuyo. Ngaxa ethile umntu omdala lihla iimbadada zakhe, leyo ziyalungiswa, yaza yavuka intombazana akuthethi qaphela ukuba bahlabeka umnwe wakhe. Nkqu nabantwana baze bamamele ngumkhenkce, intloko yakhe ijinga kweshelfu. Ngoko akunamsebenzi nokuba kuza ukwazi umphefumlo Russian, yena elinde womhlwayeli, nto leyo iya kubonisa indlela elungileyo.

Malunga ezimbini aboni

Kwaye ngoko ke waxelela Ionushka of umphangi kunye Pan. Weva ibali Solovki Pitirim uyise.

abaphangi 12 lisusa ikhokelwa yi Kudeyar. Abantu abaninzi abanalo wambulala. Kodwa ke ngandlela thile Ndavuka isazela Ataman kaThixo, waqalisa ukubona abangasekhoyo kwabafileyo. Emva koko abona Kudeyar Captain, umthandi bamnqumla intloko, lemigulukudu apheliswe, imela, wafihlelwa phantsi komthi wom-oki, waza wamnika ubutyebi ezibiweyo. Kwaye kwakukho izono otmalivat. Wayehamba kakhulu, uguquke, uze ekhaya waya kuhlala phantsi komthi. UThixo wamthabatha nanceba iliso lakho kuye waza wathi, uya kufumana uxolelo msinyane nje imela yakhe agawule umthi esithe nkqi. A embalwa iminyaka Ilolo kusikwa oki ububanzi ububanzi ezintathu. Kwaye kanye iqegu endandikhwele phezulu kuye sisityebi espan. Glukhov wancuma wathi ukuba kufuneka siphile ngokuvisisana nemigaqo yakhe. Wongeze ngelithi imbeko kuphela abafazi abathanda iwayini, amakhoboka amaninzi egungxulweyo, ulele ngoxolo. Ndawagqubuthela Kudeyar ngumsindo, waza wafaka imela yakhe esifubeni Pan. Ngalo mzuzu ndawa oki. Ngoko ke, lo mbongo "Ngubani Ubomi Well eRashiya" ibonisa, njengokuba owayesakuba isela lithe uxolelwe emva kokuba isohlwayo ngenxa yobubi.

On isono Sasungulwa

Ionushku wamphulaphula, ukucinga. Ke Ignatius ukutsho ukuba zonke isono efanayo esikhulu - umlimi. Klim liyakhathaza, kodwa ke kunjalo, wathi, "Khawutsho." Nantso uhlobo bali beva oko amadoda.

Enye wempi evela uKumkanikazi kwinkonzo elithembekileyo ilifa amawaka asibhozo imiphefumlo. Kwaye phambi kokufa kwakhe wamnika umdala ibhokisi, leyo umnqweno yakhe yokugqibela: ukukhulula zonke ngamakhoboka ngokuthanda. Kodwa kwafika nesalamane esikude, owathi emva komngcwabo, yabiza umdala lali. Ukufunda malunga ibhokisi, wathembisa Gleb freestyle kunye negolide. Greedy umdala umnqophiso kutshiswa walihlawulisa yonke imiphefumlo amawaka asibhozo ebukhobokeni obungunaphakade.

Vahlaki ukukrokra: "Eneneni isono esikhulu." Wayikhuphela ngaphandle ke bonke ubomi babo elidlulileyo elizayo nzima phambi kwabo. Ke kwathi cwaka waza ngesiquphe zaqina kunye "yindlala". Sinikezela isishwankathelo esifutshane (kubonakala "Netheko" Nekrasov ukuba uzaliswe ukubandezeleka eminyaka ubudala yabantu). Yena ohlukunyezwayo umntu zephetshana rye kwaye embiza "Dozrey, unina, badle intaba isonka, akayi ubani". Ukuba esiswini sakho nalamba bavuma vahlaki ingoma waya emele. Grisha ngequbuliso waphawula ukuba unobangela zonke izono - akhande. Klim ngoko nangoko wathi: "Phantsi nge i" olambileyo ". Kwaye bona bethetha ingaphakathi, bemdumisa Grisha.

"Isosha"

Kwaba kokusa. Ignatius afumaneka iinkuni ebuthongweni, wambiza Vlas. Bona abanye abafana, eyenza indoda ungqendeve emhlabeni baqalisa ukumbetha. Ngomhla umbuzo sabasemzini, ngokuba koko, waphendula wathi: "Andazi. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba Tiskova kohlwaywa. " Ngoko ke kuvela - kwakhona waxelela ihlabathi, ngoko kukho emva iwayini kwakhe. Emva koko iindwendwe wanyamezela cheesecakes yes irhanisi, nabo bonke yatsibela ukutya. Vahlakov ukhwaza iindaba ukuba kukho umntu ozayo.

Enqwelweni yaba umhlobo zonke Ovsyannikov - amajoni, abarhola umdlalo kwi amacephe. bamcela ukuba ukucula. Kwaye kwakhona bathulula ibali kukrakra malunga nendlela owayesakuba lijoni wazama ukufumana umhlalaphantsi kakuhle yayibafanele. Noko ke, yonke loo manxeba wafumana walinganisa i intshi waliwa-izinga yesibini. Klim podpel umntu omdala, kunye nabantu kwi penny kodwa a groschen yena kokuphalwa ndawonye engange.

Ukuphela isidlo

Kuphela kusasa waqalisa ziye vahlaki. Kwakhokelela ekhaya uyise Savvushka Grisha. Bahamba ke bavuma ukuba ulonwabo zabantu inkululeko. Ngaphezu koko, umbhali wazisa ibali lobomi Tryphon. Farm, akazange ayigcine, nisithi nodla ntoni abanye babelana. Umkayo nenkathalo, kodwa wafa ekuqaleni. Sons ndile ubufundisi. Loo nto isishwankathelo yakhe.

"Umthendeleko" Nekrasov likazwelonke ligqibe ingoma Grisha. Ukuzisa abazali endlwini, waya endle. Sikhumbula yena yedwa iingoma ukuba sacula unina, ingakumbi i "lweTyuwa." Nje kwenzeka. Isonka angaba vahlakov ukubuza, kodwa uthenga kuphela ityuwa. Ngonaphakade otshonileyo umphefumlo bafunde: seminarians Economy undernourish, ukuthatha wena bonke. Kakuhle ubomi neyabalimi nzima, Grisha uneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu bagqiba ukulwela ekonwabeni amahlwempu, kodwa lweenkobe Vahlachiny. Kwaye ngoku, phantsi kwempembelelo oko beva, wacinga bayahlelwa yabantu, kunye neengcinga luthululelwe ingoma malunga ngecebo lo mhlaba malunga isiphelo nzima Burlak (wabona amaphenyane ezintathu zilayishwe kwi iVolga), malunga engcolile omninzi, oligorha, nofileyo eRashiya, usindiso wabona ngamandla abantu. It nezibane ube yintlantsi, waza waba enempi enkulu, oquka kukodwa amandla gidi.