Okugonya Live and inactivated. Inactivated ugonyo ipoliyo: imiyalelo, iingxaki. isitofu Inactivated - ukuba ...

A lokugonya (inactivated), - iyeza equka amasuntswana wentsholongwane egazini likhule kwinkcubeko, apho batshatyalaliswa ngendlela unyango thermal kwaye intshukumo yeseli ityhefu (formaldehyde). amagciwane abanjalo cultured kwimeko elebhu ukuze ukunciphisa antigenicity kwaye zithathwa non-ezosulelayo (ayikwazi ukuba bamqumbise nesifo). amachiza Abafa kwahluka umthamo lincinane kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ubomi, kodwa ifomu kulawulo zasesekondari sifo ngokwanelisayo womelele.

Njengoko lokugonya uzilungiselele

Ukudala kuzo, njengoko umthetho, wasebenzisa iintsholongwane epizootic ngolunya, apho phantsi zokuhlanjululwa engashiyi (inactivation), okukhokelela kwilahleko noqhekeko zentsholongwane susceptibility lokuyivelisa (ukuphindaphinda), kodwa kwangaxeshanye ayagcinwa iimpawu zayo immunogenic kunye antigenic. Ngoko ke, kufuneka abulawe nucleic acid (ufuzo wentsholongwane egazini), eliquka isitofu sokugonya (inactivated) - i imeko apho proliferates kakuhle.

Kwakhona, kufuneka lingatshitshi polysaccharides, iiprotheni kunye glycoproteins zentsholongwane, ngenxa yokuba kukho indlela ukuzithethelela kuxhomekeke osisiqu esinye capsid ntsholongwane. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ulahlekelwa ubuchule ukuzala kwaye usulelo, kodwa sigcine uvakalelo kusebenze ebantwini kunye nezilwanyana izinto ezithile sifo.

Ithekhinoloji wokwenziwa a medicament

Ukudala lokugonya inactivated iqala lunyulo yobunzima zemveliso kwentsholongwane, amasiko, kunye nokwanda yayo izakheko ezinobuzaza eziphilayo (inkcubeko iseli, izilwanyana, imibungu yeentaka). Emva koko ke feedstock ntsholongwane aqulethe ufakwa yokucoca kunye okuxuba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo (centrifugation ikatydid, ukuhluza, njalo njalo).

A lokugonya (inactivated) - kukwayinto entle ngenxa Ukwanda, arhente yokuhlanjululwa wentsholongwane egazini. Le nkqubo ingongoma ebalulekileyo kakhulu, kuba sitshabalalisa intsholongwane alaqhenqetha emzimbeni, kwaye ukuba indlela enamandla sokuzikhusela iyimfuneko ukwenza isixa esikhulu sezixhobo zokufunda wentsholongwane egazini. Virus ukumiswa ukuba lumakishwe ukusuka izinto zokulinganisa (lipids iintsalela izakhiwo zeselula, iiprotheni non-wentsholongwane egazini), eziqulathe umthwalo engaphezulu malunga nezifo emzimbeni kwaye ubukhulu becala ukunciphisa amandla kunye uphawu kweempendulo zokuzikhusela.

Ezifunyenwe emva Ukwanda kunye intlambululo yokusihlambulula lokunqunyanyiswa ntsholongwane aqulethe ufakwa inactivation. Kwimeko unyango intsholongwane inactivation ingakumbi ndlongo owandulelayo amanyathelo. Xa kufuneka ukuba siqwalasele ukuba izinto zokulinganisa ukuphazamisana inkqubo inactivation.

Xa umkhuhlane lokugonya lwenziwe (inactivated), umzekelo, ingongoma ebalulekileyo kakhulu ezikhethiweyo inactivator kunye inactivation kokusingqongileyo efanelekileyo, eyenza kube lula ukukhanyela ngokupheleleyo transmissibility kwentsholongwane kunye antigenicity omkhulu imali. Kodwa uyilo inactivating reactions kakuhle ukufunda, kwaye isicelo sabo zovavanyo.

Iimpawu zokugonya inactivated

Kuba ekuthinteleni izifo viral ukusetyenziswa kakuhle izitofu inactivated, leyo kufuneka siphile eziliqela awongamileyo. Kakhulu imfuno kwemveliso - na umgangatho kunye nenani iantigens wentsholongwane egazini, ukukhethwa inactivator efanelekileyo kunye neemeko inactivation le. Igama elithi "inactivated" libhekisela neentsholongwane yobomi bale isisombululo zeziyobisi.

okugonya Live and inactivated kaninzi ivunwe kwamagciwane ngokunamandla ngokutshabalalisa zinetyhefu ngokwasemzimbeni kunye imichiza kwasala immunogenicity yi. La machiza kufuneka akanangozi nokuba iantigens wentsholongwane eminzinzi bamqumbise impendulo kunye omzimba imveliso ukuzithethelela. Ikhondo zisaqhubeka isitofu ugonyo lokuqala 2-3. Kwixa elizayo, ungafuna lokomeleza kuqhume ukuxhasa amajoni omzimba.

Into kuneengxaki

zokugonya Inactivated kufuneka ngakumbi iimpawu ayitshintshanga, ngaphandle ukuba bakhuselekile. Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenjongo yokuthintela ekuveliseni nakwimimandla eyingozi. Nangona kunjalo, ezi amayeza zahluke kwezinye minuses:

• Ithekhinoloji yezandla zabo inzima kakhulu, yaye oku kubangelwe imfuneko yokuba bafumane ntsholongwane-equlethe feedstock Ukwanda lokucoca iantigens inactivation olukhulu zofuzo wentsholongwane egazini, kwakunye ukuqukwa kwi ubume okunye sokugonya;
• maxa wambi baxabane nomzimba ezibangelwa booster ugonyo;
• kufuneka bafake ngaphezu kwakanye kwaye ngokwemithamo amakhulu;
• lokugonya (inactivated) - oku ababuthakathaka Ukuphepha komzimba stimulator, ngenxa ezi ukuxhathisa le phecana inwebu wokudla yangaphakathi kunye izicatshulwa aphezulu zemiphunga kuvela ngaphantsi kwe emva ukusetyenziswa zokugonya ubomi;
• ukuba zingasetyenziswa parenterally kuphela;
• iziyobisi zaneleyo ekuba umzimba ixesha elide yaye enamandla ngaphezu ekugonyeni eziphilayo.

Yintoni yipoliyo yaye oko kubonakala njani ngokwawo?

Sepoliyo yi igciwane lohlobo etsolo ehlasela luvo (spinal uthambo kweziyobisi enemibala). Qala ukuvela ukukhubazeka iyathamba, ingakumbi kweqondo asezantsi. iimeko ezibalaseleyo kakhulu zesi of izitshanguba umnqonqo kukhokelela ekubeni abanjwe sokuphefumla. Kwaye nanku isitofu sokugonya yipoliyo inactivated ayikwazi ukunceda.

Ngokwezonyango, esi sifo kufuneka sikhatshwe kukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, izihlunu kunye nentloko ebuhlungu kunye nokusekwa ngakumbi nokungakwazi. Ukugula usasazwa ugqithiselwa ukusuka komnye umntu iye komnye uthimla, ingxoxo emanzini, izinto ezimdaka, kwakunye nokutya. Unobangela usulelo zithathwa ukuba ugule. Usuleleko sinwenwa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kwinkolelo yokuba le ipoliyo kwenzeka xa ukulungiswa sele Kwimeko yokuqala ukukhubazeka.

Ixesha ukususela ekuqaleni zosulelo bafukanywe yokugula phambi imbonakalo imiqondiso yokuqala ithatha iiveki 1-2 nabo ukususela kwimihla-4 ukuya kuma-40. Le ntsholongwane ongena emzimbeni kwiinwebu amathumbu okanye nasopharynx, ngokwaso apho, uze kungena egazini, zifike luvo spinal, iiseli zengqondo kunye ubatshabalalise. Ngoko ke, kukho ukukhubazeka.

Ugonyo ipoliyo abantwana

Nceda uqaphele ukuba esi sifo igciwane lohlobo isipho esikhethekileyo, echaphazela nje ezi iintsholongwane azikho. amayeza ngempumelelo kuphela ukuthintela isifo - i ugonyo.

Ukuthintela nepoliyo, iindlela ezimbini ezisetyenziswayo:

• Inactivated Ipoliyo Vaccine (IPV), equlethe isifo abafileyo kunye iintsholongwane uhlobo zasendle yaziswa ngokusebenzisa lwezitofu;
• live lokugonya yomlomo ipoliyo (OPV), nto leyo eye iintsholongwane buthathaka kancincane live (ulwelo zivuza emlonyeni).

Ezi mveliso akhawunti iindidi 3 ntsholongwane yepoliyo, okt ukukhusela zonke iinketho ezikhoyo anikwe usulelo. Noko ke, loo nto yavelisa eRashiya sokugonya nepoliyo, kodwa kukho amayeza langaphandle "Imovaks Ipoliyo", ezilungele kakuhle no-. Ukongeza, umgomo ipoliyo inactivated lithetha ezingaqukwanga kwi "Tetrakok" (ukudibanisa medicament okhusela pertussis, ukubola komqala kunye nominxano). Zombini ezi mali zisetyenziswa ngaphandle baphula imithetho zorhwebo kunye nabazali babo. zokugonya abanjalo kwenziwa ngaxeshanye immunoglobulin.

Inactivated ugonyo polio: imiyalelo

Umahluko iziyobisi ezifana evela ifomu engamanzi, ukupakishwa i kwisixhobo isirinji ka 0.5 ml. Indlela yolawulo - inaliti. Ukuze abantwana ukuya kwiinyanga 18 isitofu kwenziwa kwesikhumba kwi kungangabikho le emagxeni okanye ethangeni intramuscularly. abantwana abadala - kuphela kummandla emagxeni. Akukho Izimo ngokunxulumene nexesha reception othululwayo, akukho ukutya.

Effects on emzimbeni

Emva kokuba ukuqaliswa ogonyo yepoliyo agonywe kwi 5-8% nga bephawula ukusabela zasekuhlaleni (oku ingxaki akayicingi) njengoko ububomvu kunye nokudumba, mabangabi ngaphezu kwe-10 cm ubukhulu. Kuphela 1-5% yamatyala ziyazibhaqekela reactions eziqhelekileyo vaccinal nje ukunyuka sethutyana encinane kwamaqondo obushushu, uvakalelo umntwana iintsuku 1-2 emva kogonyo.

Drug "Imovaks Ipoliyo"

Esi sixhobo iye yasetyenziswa eRashiya ngempumelelo. Imigomo beqongqothiwe, nkqu abantwana izifo iphecana zesisu. Ukongeza, sokugonya ipoliyo (inactivated) sahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba 4 isitofu: 3, 4, kunye kwiinyanga ezi-6. I-18 booster.

usana, bomiliselwa akuthathwa ukuba ezosulelayo kwabanye. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukunciphisa ubukho yayo kwiindawo zikawonke phakathi evekini emva kogonyo, ngenxa yokuba lo mntwana buthathaka intsholongwane isenokubosulela abanye usulelo. Inaliti senziwe nomlenze okanye ingalo. ulawulo kummandla ububomvu "Imovaksa" yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye lobushushu ngenxa ugonyo ungaba kuze degrees 39 nangaphezulu.

Inactivated ugonyo polio: Iingxaki

Kuhlohlwe ezinye iingxaki ezithi zenzeke emva kogonyo ngamayeza esimbaxa "Infanrix Hexa", "Pentaxim", "Infanrix IPV", "Tetrakok":

• media otitis;
• yobuthathaka;
• bamazinyo kunye stomatitis;
• iindawo nkovu kalanga;
• ukukhathazeka;
• irhashalala isikhumba silume;
• yashiya anaphylactic;
• ubuhlungu kunye induration kwi indawo ziphene;
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
• izifo iphecana eliphezulu wokuphefumla;
• umkhuhlane kunye amanyathelo zalo aqaqambayo;
• Angioedema;
• isicaphucaphu;
• sorhudo;
• ukuphalaza;
• okungaqhelekanga ukukhala;
• ukwanda lobushushu emzimbeni.

Kudla kukho iingxaki, kwaye yandisa umthwalo kwinkqubo yokhuseleko umntwana, nini ipoliyo ugonyo kunye Dube. Indlela abasabela kungabonwa zombini yi yokusithwa kunye mali pertussis-ngqi.

Izimo

Ipoliyo ugonyo - oku a umgada ugonyo inkcubeko (inactivated), nto leyo eyenziwe ngumgada isilwanyana. Oku ikakhulu unyango, ukukhusela umntwana ukukhubazeka ngakumbi yaye mhlawumbe nokufa. Kanye ngaphambi ugonyo kuyimfuneko atyelele sezifo eve lakhe uhlalutyo jikelele umchamo negazi, uze uzibeke kwikliniki yonyango. Ngokusekelwe kwi-analyses ezenziwe uhlolo kunye nomntwana ugqirha uza kukuxelela ukuba onokubangela isitofu sokugonya lo mzuzu. Babase kwisitofu izithintelo ziquka:

1. Ukuncipha.
2. usuleleko ezimandundu okanye exacerbation bezifo.
3. ezikhoyo kuba zisaqala.
4. Immunodeficiency (ukuncipha kwinani leukocytes).
5. Hypersensitivity ukuya izithako.
6. indlela yokukrala Acute okanye nayiphi na inxalenye exacerbation yayo.
7. Neoplasms ye hematopoietic kunye inyama lymphoid.

Emva yokuhlaselwa ukugula okanye okubi yayo ukwenza sokugonya umntwana wakho abe ngaphambili ngaphezu kweentsuku ezili-14 ukususela kumhla eliyeza igazi ngamaxabiso eziqhelekileyo. Le Izimo efanayo kwiimeko apho impilo yomntwana, kodwa sisifo esosulelayo abosulelwe yi enye ya ndyangu. Ngenxa ulawulo iziyobisi (kwaye inactivated amachiza - ngokuqinisekileyo kwazeka kuwo onke amaYuda) iintsana kufuneka ngeveki ukuze bayeke ukubhala sokondliwa elandelayo.

Kufuneka kuthathwe

Abantu abangazange ukugonyelwa ipoliyo (nokuba ubudala) ukubandezeleka kunye immunodeficiency abanokosulelwa kubantwana ukugonywa yaye ugonyo-ezinxulumene sepoliyo lokugula (VAP). Kukho iimeko xa umntwana ezisulelweyo kubazali ukugonywa abane-AIDS okanye HIV, kwakunye ezinale omzimba okokuqala okanye abo ukuthatha amachiza kutshabalalisa inkqubo yokhuselo omzimba (kuba unyango lwe izifo oncological).

Isitofu sokugonya izifo ezifana nepoliyo, ukuba kwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo yaye yonke imigangatho, ziya kunceda umntwana ethe ukulwa isifo eziyingozi kakhulu. Kwaye, ngoko ke, baya kwenza umntwana ngokomelela, lukhuni umzimba wakhe nokukhusela abazali uninzi ubunzima iimvakalelo, leyo ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka banyamezele usapho umntwana wagula kakhulu.