"Hero of Ixesha Wethu": isincoko-ingxabano. I inoveli "A uHero Ixesha Wethu" Lermontov

Sonke Wabhala isincoko esikolweni ebuntwaneni bakhe "uHero Ixesha Wethu" kwi inoveli ngu Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova, kodwa abafundi inkoliso yabantu ngokwenene wacinga malunga iintshukumisa umsebenzi umbhali kunye nemvelaphi. Ukuxambulisana elibanzi, asinguye wonke umfundi ekwazi ukuqonda amava zengqondo entsonkothileyo abantu abadala. Ngoko ke, imveliso classical, kwelinye icala - a obulula, kodwa kwelinye icala - nzulu, kuyimfuneko ukuba uye emva kwiminyaka evuthiwe, kwaye kwakhona ukuba uhlaziye, ukuze ufumane okanye malunga ukuya kwenye, ihlabathi, indalo ...

Ukuzalwa uhlobo

Imveliso ye "uHero Ixesha Wethu" yaba iprozi inoveli yokuqala, nâzo encwadini isimbo ngokoqobo lwentlalo kunye nasengqondweni. umsebenzi yokuziphatha bulumko equlathwe ukongeza kwimbali umlinganiswa ophambili njengoko inkcazo eliqaqambileyo evumelanayo ubomi Russia engama-30 kwinkulungwane XIX. Yaba uhlobo ezintsha zovavanyo ngokwemiqathango uhlobo ukusuka umbhali, njengoko ngelo xesha uhlobo ezifana "inoveli" ayisekho. kamva Lermontov wavuma ukuba wabhala inoveli "uHero Ixesha yethu," esekelwe kumava zoncwadi Pushkin kunye isithethe neNtshona yeYurophu. Le nempembelelo kubonakala ngokwemiqathango kwinoveli yothando.

ukubhala IMVELAPHI

Ngowe-1832 Lermontov wabhala umbongo, "Ndifuna ukuba ubomi! Ndifuna ukuba nosizi ... "njani umntu oselula lithemba kangangokuba ukuvuthwa yokucinga, umbono kunye ngqo kwi nomnqweno okungalawulekilyo hlobo ukuze ahlasele? Mhlawumbi olu lithemba ubomi ngenene kuye kwatsala ingqalelo izizukulwana ezininzi zokufunda kunye kwenza kwisihobe Lermontov namhlanje kulo mba? Iingcinga malunga umnqweno esiphangweni, zivela kulo mbongo "Sail", ebhalwe kulo nyaka: "Kwaye yena, lo mvukeli, libuza isaqhwithi ngokungathi uqhwithela uya kuba noxolo!" Owayephila, phantse iminyaka yakhe efanayo, Herzen wathetha isizukulwana njenge "ityhefu ukususela ebuntwaneni."

Ukuze siyiqonde la mazwi, kufuneka wakhumbula, oko era kwafuneka aphile Lermontov, nexesha, ethe yabonakalisa kamva kwinoveli "A uHero Ixesha Wethu". Isincoko kwinoveli olufanelekileyo iqala ucazululo imibongo ngaphambili wembongi, kuba ezikuzo imvelaphi ebonakalayo ezakhokelela umbhali ukwenza imveliso ekhethekileyo.

Youth Lermontov bafika ngexesha, nto leyo buhlungu kakhulu ukuba imbali Russian. NgoDisemba 14, 1825 e- Yeengwevu Square e St. Petersburg kwimvukelo le Decembrists, leyo eyaphela ngo amoyise. Abaququzeleli be kwimvukelo ababexhonyiwe, abathathi-nxaxheba baye bathunyelwa ukuya kumashumi amabini anesihlanu eminyaka elubhacweni eSiberia. Oontanga Lermontov Ngokungafaniyo peer Pushkina, okhule kusemnandi engcinezelo. Kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo besikolo mihla, walungiselela isincoko ngesi sihloko.

"Hero Ixesha Wethu"

Lermontov wasinika hero "uyilo mfiliba yokuba" yokuba ixesha lakhe. Nangona iinkokheli zomkhosi wadlala indima ingcinezelo yabantu, abagwebi kwakufuneka elihle iimbongi inkundla sikweni - ngokuba ubuqaqawuli kakumkani. Ndandikhula umoya yokoyika, ukusola, nathemba. Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, imbongi kungekho kukhanya kunye nokholo. Wakhulela kwindawo eyintlango ngokomoya, kwaye uzama lonke ixesha ukuphuma kuyo.

Kulo mbongo "omnye" lungumgca: "Phakathi iziphango untshwenyile qongqololo ulutsha lwethu ..." Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba umbhali yomsebenzi lwesihobe wayeneminyaka eli-15 kuphela ubudala! Kodwa akukho okubi ulutsha zesiqhelo. Lermontov ndandingakwazi ukuchaza, kodwa wayeqalisa ndaqonda ukuba, ayikwazanga konwaba umntu akakwazi ukwenza. Yiminyaka elishumi emva kokuba i "omnye", wabhala inoveli "A uHero Ixesha Wethu". Le ukubhala ngalo mba kufuneka siqulathe le mpikiswano malunga nexesha langoku nendawo umntu ngaphakathi kwakhe. Oko kwi "uHero Ixesha yethu," umbhali uchaza psychology of isizukulwana kwaye kubonakalisa nathemba, leyo abamiselwe noontanga bakhe.

ukubhala ibali

Xa ubhala izincoko kufanelekileyo ngokumbonisa ukuba Lermontov waqalisa ukubhala inoveli ngo-1838 phantsi kwempembelelo yokuvela abaseAfrika. Ekuqaleni ukuba nkqu inoveli, amabali ngamnye, umlinganiswa ophambili zidityanisiwe. Ngowe-1839, lo lindixesha "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo" ingxelo ukuba M. Lermontov ulungiselela ukupapasha yingqokelela yamabali yakhe emfutshane. Ngalinye kula mabali yayisekelwe kwi kwizithethe ezithile zoncwadi: "Bella" kubhaliweyo indlela lwesincoko yabahambi, "Nkosazana uMariya" - kweli siko ibali wempangelo, "Taman" - ngomoya inoveli ombambazelayo, "The Fatalist" - ngokwesiko 'ibali ityala eliyimfihlakalo "leyo ethandwa kwi 1830s. Kamva la mabali uya kuzalelwa inoveli ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo incoko "uHero Ixesha Wethu".

Le ngokufutshane yokubhala-argument kwidama iziganeko ezichazwe kwinoveli "Nkosazana Ligovskoy" (1836). Lo msebenzi ngokulandelelana kwaye thematically lwandulelwe "Hero". Apho, okokuqala, babonakala igosa Pechorin Guards, ngubani wayethandana iNkosazana Vera LIGOVSKY. A isahluko separate "Taman" yabhalwa ngo-1837, ukubonakala ngathi nokuqhubeka "inkosazana Ligovski". ukuba yonke le misebenzi ezinxulumene omnye komnye yaye zentlalo-bulumko umgca eqhelekileyo, gama elilodwa orientation yohlobo.

utshintsho umhleli

ukwakhiwa kwinoveli "A uHero Ixesha Wethu" iye yatshintshwa kwi version entsha. Ibhalwe Kucetyiswa ukuba ukongeza maxesha yokubhala: ibali "Bel" yaba isahluko zokuqala kwinoveli, ilandelwe yi "Maksim Maksimych" yaye "Nkosazana uMariya". Kamva, la mabali ezimbini zokuqala kwadityaniswa kwisihloko "Ukususela kumanqaku igosa» yaza yaba yinxalenye phambili kwinoveli, yaye inxalenye yesibini yaba "Nkosazana uMariya". Kuye wakhawulwa ukuba niyinikele kubuhlungu "ukuvuma" ye ophambili. Ngo-Agasti-Septemba 1839 Lermontov isigqibo ngokupheleleyo ukuphinda-bhala zonke izahluko ngaphandle kwisahluko "Bella", apho ngelo xesha sele ishicilelwe. Kuyinto ngeli nqanaba umsebenzi kwisahluko "fatalist" yaba inoveli.

Xa yokuqala yePhetshana leeNdaba ze kwinoveli Ndaba igama "Elinye amaqhawe kule nkulungwane." Kwakugcwele izahlulo ezine - amabali ezine ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngengqiqo esiphambili kwinoveli ngumbhali yedwa kuphela iinxalenye ezimbini. Inxalenye yokuqala - lamanqaku igosa-unobalisa, okwesibini - inowuthi umlinganiswa. Intshayelelo "fatalist" isahluko nzulu umlambo yentanda umsebenzi. Ukwahlukana inoveli ngenxenye, Lermontov ayizami ukugcina maxesha kweziganeko, lo mgomo kunokwenzeka ukutyhila umphefumlo ophambili kunye umphefumlo wabantu belo xesha ziinkathazo.

Ekupheleni kuka 1839 Lermontov kudala inguqulelo yokugqibela kwinoveli, ukufaka "Taman" sahluko kwaye ukutshintsha nokwakheka kwimveliso. I inoveli iqala kwisahluko "Bela", emva koko weza "Maksim Maksimych." Notes ophambili, Pechorin, ngoku ekuqaleni ukuya 'Taman "wagcina" a fatalist. " kwakukho "iphephancwadi Pechorin" ezaziwayo-kakuhle In uhlelo efanayo. Ngoko ke, lo inoveli iqulathe izahluko ezintlanu, kwaye kukho igama elitsha: inoveli "A uHero Ixesha Wethu".

Koko kuqhelekileyo phakathi Onegin ne Pechorin

Igama yokugqibela ophambili yenoveli enxibelelene naye Pushkin kaThixo Evgeniem Oneginym. Pechorin ifani ovela igama elikhulu Russian Pechora River, ibekwe kufuphi Onega (yoko, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, kunye nefani Onegin). Kwaye lo ubuhlobo ngeke yezenzekeleyo.

Emva A. Pushkin Lermontov ibhekisa umfanekiso owayephila ngexesha lakhe aze ahlalutye ikamva wayo ngokwemiqathango ngexesha labo. Lermontov nzulu wada waya iimfihlelo umphefumlo hero, ukwanda kwingcingane komsebenzi kunye yokunyakamisa kuyo vangama enzulu bulumko xa nokuziphatha oluntu.

uhlobo kuyiphi

"Hero of Ixesha Wethu" - isincoko-ingxabano, owokuqala yokuziphatha kunye nasengqondweni iprozi inoveli kuncwadi Russian. Kuyinto uhlobo kwinoveli zinjalo, ogxininisa ekusombululeni umbhali imiba yokuziphatha ezifuna olunzulu uhlalutyo nasengqondweni.

Xa inoveli, umbhali sijongana owayephila ngexesha layo, imiba kwindlela yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko: okulungileyo nokubi, uthando kunye nobuhlobo, ukufa kunye nenkolo, ukuqeshwa lomntu kunye nenkululeko yokuthanda. imisebenzi Psychology kukuba Lermontov igxininisa ubuntu hero, amava bakhe bokomoya. Umfundi thaca "ze" umphefumlo Pechorin. I inoveli "uHero Ixesha Wethu" - imbali umphefumlo wakhe.

imveliso feature

Umbhali izihlandlo eziliqela satshintsha ukwakheka ukuvula ngokupheleleyo ingxaki engundoqo - kukukhangela yokomoya hero. Yiloo yonke Lermontov. "Hero of Ixesha Wethu", umxholo leyo ibonwa kwi inkcazelo kwiimeko zobomi kunye ilenze kwi bayahlelwa umlinganiswa ophambili, azisekelwanga ngokupheleleyo nawuphi na maxesha. Umbuzo ngulo: kutheni umbhali akuthethi ukulandela ngokulandelelana kwilungiselelo kwezahluko? ukungahambisalani lwamaxesha kungenxa yezizathu ezininzi.

• Okokuqala, kwinoveli kukho izinto lweendidi ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo: amanqaku, idayari, amabali behlabathi, izincoko kunye like.
• Okwesibini, umbhali uzame umdla kumfundi, ukuba enze "uhambo" kwingcingane hero, ukuba ndibhaptize umfundi enzulwini zehlabathi engaphakathi umlinganiswa.

Ngenxa isakhiwo kunye nesakhiwo "oguquguqukayo" usebenza luvo ezininzi ezintsha kwisahluko ngasinye - a. Umzekelo, kwisahluko "Bella" kwizifundo kweziganeko, umfundi uya kufunda ebalini Maksima Maksimovicha (Maksimych), kwibali "Mxim Maksimych" ligosa, intloko "Taman", "Nkosazana Mariya," "fatalist" thaca kwi ifomu kwijenali kwaye idayari ophambili . Oko kukuthi, umbalisi yena ngokwakhe Pechorin. Forms kwijenali kunye idayari ukuvumela umbhali icakaca nje umphefumlo uTshawe, kodwa anze enzulu ngamnye.

Pechorin ne Bella: ukungakhathali kunye nothando

Bubunjani Pechorin yaba wamazwe. Indlela enye ukuze achaze imeko xa Azamat, unyana ka omnye wakubathetheli zasekuhlaleni, laxhwilwa Bela udade Pechorin wazisa, yaye ukuphendula Azamat Petchorin eba nehashe Kazbich? Le hero ntoni ningadinwa ukunika umfazi izipho zakho zexabiso ngaphezu ekugqibeleni wafumana umusa wakhe. Yena eyamtsalela ikratshi lakhe ukungathobeli.

Ukuba sithethe ngamandla izivamvo, okanye imbuyekezo uthando ezingabuyekezekiyo, sympathies i Lermontov zezi kunye Bela - limthanda ngokwenene Petchorin ngokwenene. Kodwa ke umlinganiswa ophambili kwabonakala yinjongo, yena nako ukufumanisa ukuba intombazana luhlangabezana iimvakalelo yokwenene, okanye iinkanuko angaziphi sasigcwele umphefumlo walo kunye nomzimba. Nantso nentlekele uTshawe - wayengasakwazi emanyathelweni kakhulu. Xa bunch onothando Pechorin Bela-wabeka izihloko isincoko. "Hero of Ixesha Wethu" iqulethe eninzi mathuba ezichaza ukukwazi ophambili ukuba iimvakalelo ezinamandla. Oku pechorin uyazi ukuba yintoni ebangela ukungonwabi abanye, kodwa akaqondi yintoni ingxaki. Ngenxa yazo zonke izinto zakhe bancipha nesithukuthezi, yanto ngokomoya nokuphoxeka.

Noko ke, ukuthetha malunga callousness epheleleyo ayikho imfuneko. Xa uBhela yokufa kabuhlungu, kuba novelwano kuye, hayi kuphela Mxim Maksimych and readers. Waba "luthuthu njenge sheet," Xa kwimizuzu zokugqibela zobomi Bely Pechorin. Kwaye ngoko "kudala ebegula, ilahlekile, into amahlwempu ..." Wasikwa isono sakhe phambi kwakhe, kodwa wazama ukuzifihla iimvakalelo zabo ngaphakathi. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto wasityhobozela "wahleka wasemzini," ngoko ndoyika Mxim Maksimych. Kungenzeka, yaba uhlobo engqondweni. Ngoko owayenokwenza kuphela "iqhawe ixesha lethu." Yokwenene Ukubhalwa bobuntu bakhe zobuntu umbhali saphantse - waphila kufuphi ecaleni abantu ecaleni yonke imihla. Umfundi ubona isenzo ngokusebenzisa amehlo umbalisi Pechorin Mxim Maksimych, kodwa akaqondi izizathu ezi zenzo.

Maxima Maksimych ubudlelwane Petchorin

"Yena iyunifomu abanje emhlophe, kuye ungumsebenzi, mna elithekelelwayo ukuba eCaucasus, siya sisanda" - ukuba wabona Pechorina Maksim Maksimych. Ukusuka inkcazelo kukho uluvo lokuba umbalisi efana Pechorin. Oku kungqinwa amazwi isimamva isinciphiso ngothando ezisetyenziswa ngumbalisi, kwaye ibinzana elithi "guy nice yaba ...".

Xa inoveli "uHero Ixesha yethu," isincoko ngobomi Pechorin basenokuba ayebhalwe ncwadi multi-ikhasi elilodwa - kangangokuba, inemibala kunye nomfanekiso ebalulekileyo kwabekwa kuyo umbhali. Petchorin wayehlukile omnye ukuziphatha kwabo: ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho kwamaqondo obushushu, pallor ngesiquphe, kunye cwaka engalindelekanga elide lincoko. Ngenxa yezi 'engaqhelekanga' ukuba endala namagqala imiqondiso Mxim Maksimych Petchorin ingqalelo engaqhelekanga.

Maksimych ukuqonda iimvakalelo, iqhutywa Pechorin oselula, Noko ke, kokukuqwalasela oku kuyimfuneko ukuba babuyele intombazana kuyise, nangona ayithabathele kakhulu Bela, ukuhlonipha ikratshi lakhe kunye nokuzeyisa. Noko ke, naye ephethwe la mazwi: "Kukho abantu ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uyavumelana." Maksim Maksimych wayecinga Pechorin, ngubani waba ubuntu esomeleleyo unamandla okumdambisa intando bonke.

kwabhalwa imvelo

Lermontov e iprozi Russian - enye ababhali yokuqala ngokuba lowo indalo ayikho indawo engenanto, kodwa iqhawe yinxalenye kwembaliso. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umbhali ukuba uyotywe yi ubuhle eCaucasus, namandla aso nobuhle. Roman Lermontova "uHero Ixesha Wethu" eqonda nje imizobo yendalo - Wild, kodwa ezintle. Njengokuba kuphawuliwe nabagxeki eziliqela, ukuba Lermontov wasebenzisa ukuba abanye ababhali lengcinga 'humanization semvelo "kuqala wongezelela" oprirozhivanie kwabantu ". Special iindlela zobugcisa kwi inkcazelo uhlobo kuza kubalaselisa imithetho zasendle abantu ababephila phantsi kwazo ezintabeni. Ukuchana inye inkcazo umbala nokukhanya eCaucasus na imifanekiso eyahlukileyo, ngokobuqu abhalwe M. Yu. Lermontovym.

iziphumo

Ngenxa yoko, imveliso kwi "uHero Ixesha yethu" - na kwisihloko kwinoveli lokuqala umongo walo ilele. Pechorin - isizukulwana sokuzenza. Asinako ukuba bonke abantu sangena amava zokomoya, wabandezeleka ukusuka isiphithiphithi, noomoya zabo lukhuni. Ophambili ke abemi kuphela eziqulathwe, njengoko era - izakhiwo, ngamaxesha ezikhohlakeleyo ebantwini, kodwa ngaxeshanye womelele kwaye womelele unothanda. Le nto kufuneka siyikhumbule xa elungiselela isincoko "uHero Ixesha Wethu". Lermontov ngobuciko wadlulisela emoyeni koluntu kwimbali hero.