Umsebenzi iseli kwiziko yeseli

Iiseli zonke izinto eziphilayo iqumrhu elikumila kunjalo. Bonke zibandakanya i inwebu plasma, iqokobhe ngeenxa (glycocalyx izilwanyana okanye iseli eludongeni: in nomngundo - evela ngechitin, izityalo - neselulosi), kukho icytoplasm (organelles apho afumaneka khona, nganye kuzo isenza imisebenzi yayo, iziko iseli, umzekelo inxaxheba kwicandelo) yaye kwasekwa, elikhusela DNA (ngaphandle prokaryotes).

organelles cell

Ezi ziquka ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, izixhobo Golgi, reticulum endoplasmic kunye neziko iseli. Xa plant cells ziqulathe organelles ezithile ezikhethekileyo kubo - le vacuole. Bandisa engafunwayo izinto plastids (chromoplasts, leucoplasts, chloroplasts, kule yokugqibela kwenzeka inkqubo photosynthesis). Imisebenzi iziko yeseli, mitochondria, ribosomes, kunye nezinye izakhiwo zibaluleke kakhulu. Mitochondria ukudlala indima izikhululo sizukulwana samandla awodwa, kukho inkqubo apho nokuphefumla intracellular. Ribosomes banoxanduva imveliso iiproteni ngokuthi synthesizing kwabo asidi ngamnye acid kwi phambi mRNA, eyayibhalwe ulwazi ngezinto ezifunekayo cell. Imisebenzi Lysosomal abakulo cleavage of anemichiza usebenzisa enzyme, leyo ikwesi ngaphakathi organelle. izixhobo Golgi uqokelela kwaye igcina izinto ezithile. reticulum Endoplasmic ibandakanyeka ukutya.

Zeeselula Centre - isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Le organelle kuthiwa centrosome. Imisebenzi kweziko iseli kunzima zazi - ngaphandle organelle bekuya kuba nzima ukwahlukana cell. It iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini. Kweli ziko iseli uyafana ribosome, isakhiwo apho lukwaquka iziqingatha ezibini. Icandelo centrosome ebizwa centrioles, ngamnye kubo ikhangeleka njengesilinda umngxuma ukusekwa microtubules. Bona amalungiselelo aa Incopho na omnye komnye. Imisebenzi kweziko iseli centrioles edibanise ukwakhiwa ngexesha mitosis okanye meiosis.

Njengoko sabela yeseli?

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili - meiosis kunye mitosis. imisebenzi iziko iseli zibonakale kuzo zombini inkqubo. Kwaye kwezi meko yokuqala neyesibini, iyantlukwano kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba eziliqela. Nika ezi zigaba zilandelayo: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Meiosis kudla ngokuquka division ezimbini iseli ezilandelelanayo, ixesha phakathi kwabo kuthiwa interphase. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo neseli zofuzo diploid (kabini) amiliswe kunye ezininzi haploid (single). Inani zofuzo ngexesha mitosis akukho yancitshiswa - iiseli intombi nabo a diploid. Kukho kwakhona indlela uqhekeko njengoko amitosis. Kulo mzekelo, undoqo, yaye ke yonke icytoplasm nje zahlulwe kubini. Olu hlobo ayikho nje eqhelekileyo njengoko ezimbini zokuqala, oko kwenzeka ikakhulu phakathi zilula. iziko iseli kule nkqubo ayikho inxaxheba.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisahlulo iziko yeseli

indlela Prophase ukulungiselela inkqubo mitosis okanye meiosis, i inwebu zenyukliya phula phantsi ubude bayo. Ngexesha metaphase iziko lweeseli luvulekile luqhawulwe ibe centrioles amabini awahlukeneyo. Nabo ke, ndibaphangalalisele kwiipali malunga esiseleni. Kweli nqanaba, i zofuzo aqondwe ecaleni ikhweyitha. Emva koko ke threaded edibanise iqhotyoshelwe centrioles ukuze chromatids ezahlukeneyo chromosome ngamnye ezaqhotyoshelwa centrioles esahlukileyo. Kuyo chromosome ngalinye metaphase iqhekeka zibe chromatids elahlukileyo centrioles intambo nezibonda olungaphesheya ngoka. Ngexesha iqokobhe yenyukliya telophase senziwa ukuba kukho icytoplasm, yahlula yaye ekugqibeleni kwasekwa iiseli intombi.