Ziziphi amagciwane schitayut abongikazi iplanethi: impendulo emfutshane

Uninzi eziphilayo emhlabeni ekwaziyo kwezinto eziphilayo self-ezivelisa ayimfuneko ukuze umsebenzi wabo yaye, ke ngoko, kufuneka asebenzise izinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo, esebenzisa le enzyme ezizodwa.

Autotrophs kunye heterotrophs

Eyokuqala kukuthi ukuba abavelisi ziphambili izinto eziphilayo, okt ezo eziqulathe carbon, kukho inani elikhulu zezityalo zisetyenziselwa le nkqubo yefotosinthsis. Le ndlela lokondla ekuthiwa autotrophic.

Enye indlela yokuvelisa izinto eziphilayo na chemosynthesis, apho kusetyenziswa ngayo redox entsonkothileyo into ephilayo akhutshwa isalfure, amafutha, iiprotheni, nkqu hydrogen. Le ndlela nasekutyeni eqhelekileyo phakathi amathanga ezincinane ezihlala kubunzulu ezinkulu.

Ukuba izinto eziphilayo ezenziwe ngezinye izinto inkqubo yefotosinthesis chemosynthesis, zidle eziphilayo usebenzisa isondlo heterotrophic. Ngenxa yoko, heterotrophs babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo esiphezulu kwikhonkco lokutya, kodwa kwangaxeshanye baxhomekeke kwezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Heterotrophs: saprophytes, kwaye osmotrofy Biotroph

Phakathi ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo iqhinga ukutya eqhelekileyo. nutrition Autotrophic ezendeleyo a eziphilayo multicellular eziququzelelwe kakhulu, lo gama nomngundo lenyama ekudalweni nasekusungulweni ngesondlo heterotrophic ezifunwa.

isondlo Heterotrophic iquka izicwangciso eziliqela ezisisiseko zokufumana amandla into ephilayo ogqityiweyo.

Umzekelo, indlela ukuba ezinye umngundo kunye iintsholongwane bazuza amandla kokusingqongileyo, ekuthiwa osmotrofiya, ngamanye ukufumana izondlo ngqo eludongeni iseli. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho icwangcisiwe enqanda ezahlukeneyo ezinzwaneni leyo into ngaphambili lwanamathela kwixesha eliphakathi ezingqonge udonga ezinzwaneni.

Inqanaba eliphezulu ikhonkco lokutya thatha Biotroph, ezibandakanya izilwanyana zitya izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zitya nezinye izilwanyana, okt zamarhamncwa.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba eziphila kuzo ehlabathini lonke nayo saprotrophs iintsholongwane - ekuthiwa-izinto eziphilayo mihla, waziwa ngokuba saprophytes.

Ammonification njengoko Iphiramidi yokutya isiseko

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na ukujika mba komgquba indalo kunye nendima kule yinkqubo entsonkothileyo idlalwa amagciwane, kuyimfuneko ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni na iintsholongwane bafumane umhlaba orderlies.

Uyinqaba ngolu hlobo, kodwa enye iinkqubo zibalulekileyo kwi planethi na ammonification, ukuba ezibolayo. Le elukhuni kunokuba ukusuka kwindawo chemical lwembono, inkqubo kuthatha ixesha elide.

Lokuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo kunxibelelana Cya, yokondla mbandela eziphilayo, yaye nayiphi na into equlethe protini. Ukubaluleka inkqubo ukusuka kwindawo bemvelo lwembono enikiweyo ebanzi ammonifiers yokuhambisa ukuba amanani amakhulu afumaneka emanzini, umhlaba, ukutya kunye eziphilayo. Xa intsholongwane ufumana okwanele zeendawana efanelekileyo, inkqubo ezibolayo iqala.

Nazi ezi ntsholongwane Fumana orderlies planethi:

• ibihlungu-ukwakha bacterium inegciwane uhlobo;
• clostridia;
• enterobacteria.

Ezi Cya kunazo inkqubo aqala yokubola enzulu kwiiproteni ezahlukeneyo nitrogen-free kunye nitrogen, leyo, Esiwa phantsi emanzini, umoya kunye nomhlaba zisetyenziselwa izityalo amandla, nto leyo re-sebenzisa ngenxa kwimveliso oganikhi khompawundi, oko kukuthi, ukukhula kunye nokuzala.

Yenza isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi amagciwane kufumana orderlies le planethi, kuyimfuneko ukuba baqwalasele iinzuzo eyayisiza eziphila zabo. Kufuneka mbonise ngomonakalo ukuba imisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye noshishino.

Kutheni iintsholongwane saprotrophs ukufumana i orderlies uhlobo

Enye imichiza ixhaphakileyo indalo i nitrogen, kubalulekile ukuba ukukhula kwezityalo kunye eziphilayo. Ngexesha ukukhula yakhe kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo umthamo omkhulu nitrogen simahla ukusuka emhlabeni, umoya namanzi. Ngaloo nitrogen enebana yaye uba ayifumaneki ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi.

Emva kokufa komzimba i-nitrogen sikwimo apho akakwazi singenelwa njani kwezinye izityalo. Kubalulekile kweli nqanaba kwimeko kuza iintsholongwane, iphambili leyo isondlo heterotrophic. Kancinane kodwa ngempumelelo bahlomele konke kufakwa kulo mba kweziphilayo kweziyobisi nezinto ezininzi elula, nto leyo ke wabuyela ingeniso yendalo.

Ngu saprophytes nje kuphela

Emva kokuba usazi ukuba yeyiphi iintsholongwane kufumana orderlies le planethi, lingakwazi ngokuba saprotrophs neentsholongwane ezinokubangela ukwenzakalisa umntu. Nangona microflora wamathumbu zabantu kwaye iqulathe eziliqela iintsholongwane ebolayo, uphinda-phindo kwabo ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubangela ukwenzakalisa umntu.

Eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu saprotrophs eskerikiya, zeClostridium kunye iStreptococcus.

Ukongeza, ezinye iindidi iintsholongwane ezibangela ukonakala phambi kwexesha ukutya, oku kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwezoqoqosho.