Schistosomiasis enzala: unyango, uphethwe, iimpawu

Schistosomiasis - isifo esinganyangekiyo okubangelwa imisebenzi esebenzayo ebalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu ziimpethu olwaye lwamfimfitha. Qho ngonyaka, unyango lwesi sifo kufuneka kubantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-200.

ulwazi jikelele

Schistosomiasis - isisifo esibi nomsindo flukes igazi sodidi Schistosoma. Ngexesha ziqaliswe umzimba irhorho abantu dermatitis ibonakala apho kamva nzima ifiva, ukunxila, sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi wamathumbu yenkqubo genitourinary, okanye ngqo. Lo mfanekiso kwezonyango kule meko ngenxa kuphuhliso yokusabela immunoallergic amaqanda flukes.

Ezi zilwanyana faka emzimbeni womntu, njengoko umthetho, ngoxa umsebenzi wezolimo okanye kwimizi ixhaphakileyo ngenxa zoqhagamshelwano ngamanzi angcolile ngabo. Abantwana abantwana abafikisayo kunye abaselula kakhulu ukulimala esi sifo ngenxa-non ukuthotyelwa ezingundoqo imithetho nococeko lomntu okanye ukuhlamba emanzini amdaka. I-World Health Organization aza nzima nale ngxaki, yisa unyango lokuthintela izihlandlo eziliqela ngonyaka.

Total zicacise iindidi ezimbini schistosomiasis: i amathumbu kunye enzala. Oko ngalo yokugqibela kuchazwa iinkcukacha ezingakumbi kweli nqaku.

Yintoni na schistosomiasis enzala?

Esi sifo nature helminthic kunye sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ephambili kwinkqubo genitourinary. Le leengxaki kuxhaphakile North Afrika, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon kunye Syria. Kwilizwe lethu kukho alikho iimeko zokusingqongileyo ngenxa yomphefumlo schistosomes.

Usulelo lwenzeka kukudibana ngqo ngamanzi, apho ezi izinambuzane ubomi. Emva kokuba ukuqaliswa yabo umzimba kwabantu onesifo ngokuthe ekuphuhliseni uxabane ngokohlobo sokudlathuka kweenwele, angawokubhuda. Ngexesha ukufuduka ziimpethu emzimbeni kukho jikelele oluthile, ifiva, intloko ebuhlungu. It luphawulwa iimpawu ezinjalo kunye schistosomiasis enzala.

izizathu

Iimpawu kubonakala kwangoko emva nokudla kokuba haematobium amaphelo Schistosoma. ubude ithole oyindoda ayidluli 15 mm. Inxalenye ngaphambili ngokumila zezindlu, ibekwe phezu kwaso ezininzi iikomityi sokufunxa. female ithole Ubude ukuya kwi-20 mm.

Le Isidleli ingena isikhumba neendadi abantu / esebenza emanzini. Kwakhona eyaziwa amatyala usulelo emva yokusebenzisa amanzi okusela engakhuselekanga. Esebenzisa imithambo yegazi kwaye nkqu Schistosoma haematobium emithanjeni Lisuka nje ukuba amalungu zangasese, nto leyo ibeka amaqanda kwi mithambo ye Kwangale. Emva koko ke ibingabakho eludongeni nemithambo ye kusichukumisa inwebu lwesinye, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, kwaye zangasese. Ukusuka apho kamva umchamo ukuba izikhulu. Izazinzulu lubonisa ukuba amaqanda ezi yezinambuzane isenokugqithiswa ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.

Abemi kwiindawo ngezifundo eyingozi ezi izilwanyana inokufumaneka zangasese. Noko ke, abo abanezakhono kwimizobo ungakwazi ukubonisa unxulumano phakathi isisu ezizenzekelayo umsebenzi ziimpethu.

Aphile phakathi ezintathu ukuya ku-10 iminyaka emzimbeni. Kwiimeko apho amaqanda parasite sibhalelwe ziye zidluliselwe yi lomntu ekuza kuqhagamshelwana naye, wathelela malunga neminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo.

Le Pathogenesis kwesifo

schistosomiasis enzala - isifo umdla kakhulu, ebelisoloko kwatsala ingqalelo izazinzulu ehlabathini lonke. Usulelo lwenzeka ngexesha ukudibana ngqo nabantu ngamanzi ozaliswe. Le Pathogenesis kwesi sifo ezi reactions oyityhefu komzimba ezivela ekuweni ezingafunekiyo helminths. Inwebu le indawo ekuqalisweni kwe-imibungu ukuphuhlisa nokudumba, kwaye ngethuba ukufuduka kwabo uMenzi lingene ekuthiwa-ezibandakanya okokuqala leukocytes lymphocyte.

amaqanda Isidleli "baphila" ezinye kumjikelo uphuhliso udaka umzimba phezulu izigaba cercariae, esele ukungena emzimbeni womntu ngesikhumba. Apha ukuvuthwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye zibe sele shistosomuly. Emva koko, loo maphalo ukugqobhoza imithambo peripheral apho ngokuthe ubunokuzihlaziya kubantu abaqolileyo. iimazi ayaqhama ithunyelwa amalungu kwenkqubo enzala, walala amaqanda apha. Abanye babo eyabelweyo umchamo ndle ngqo kokusingqongileyo.

lwezifo

schistosomiasis enzala abelwa becala kwiindawo nefumileyo yaye yetropika, ndayihluthwa amanzi ophezulu ezikumgangatho kunye nococeko eyaneleyo ukuze ahlale. Ngokutsho kweengcali, okwangoku malunga ne-90% yabantu nalo unesifo afumaneka kwi kwilizwekazi le-Afrika.

Esi sifo sichaphazela, njengoko umthetho, uluntu nabahluphekileyo basemaphandleni. I sex elifanelekileyo, esebenzisa amanzi ziintsholongwane ekhaya, nabo basengozini. schistosomiasis enzala abantwana abafikisayo kule mimandla asinto umnyinyiva. Ngenxa nococeko amahlwempu zoqhagamshelwano rhoqo ngamanzi angcolile ngelixa ukuqubha, ukuba basengozini enkulu abagulayo.

Abasisigxina ukufuduka kunye abaziimbacu iintshukumo nokukhuthaza kwii-esi sifo ukuya kwiindawo ezintsha. Ngenxa yokwanda Umnqweno abantu beve amazwe ezingaqhelekanga nalapha ngaphakatyhi ngoxilongo isifo phakathi abakhenkethi namhlanje.

picture clinical

Yiyiphi luphawulwa iimpawu enzala schistosomiasis (iimpawu)? Nonyango, kunye lokufunyaniswa kwesifo kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kobukho umfanekiso lwezonyango iimpawu na.

Le okuthatha umlinganiselo kwiiveki 10 no-12. Ngexesha kwii-sisidleleli ngokusebenzisa isikhumba umntu ubona nobunzima kancinane, njenge emnweni ngenaliti. Ngexesha ukufuduka ziimpethu wonke umzimba zokuvelisa uxabane ngokohlobo dermatitis kunye ukurhawuzelela kakhulu, irhashalala. Kwakhona, kukho iimpawu kunxilwe (intloko ebuhlungu, ukudla, ukubila kakhulu). Kwezinye iimeko, isibindi kunye udakada akhula ukusuka kwisayizi. Noko ke, akusoloko ephelekwa iimpawu ezinjalo schistosomiasis enzala. Iimpawu zesi sifo, kodwa kunoko iqondo lazo ixhomekeke susceptibility ngamnye nobukhali bohlaselo kwabantu.

Ekupheleni manqanaba etsolo nasekuqaleni ezingapheliyo of isifo kubonakala hematuria, nto leyo sikhatshwa kokukhutshwa igazi ngexesha ukuchama. Izigulane uqobo ezikhala oluthile, ifiva ukuya degrees 37, indawo indawo intlungu lwesinye. Ukongeza, linganyuka kubungakanani wesibindi udakada. Ezi mpawu ezinxulumene nokuqaliswa kwe irhorho izidumbu kwizihlunu.

Ngexesha sicatshulwa lamaqanda udonga esinyini inokuba hemorrhages petechial kunye hyperemia le inwebu yangaphakathi. Ngenxa umonakalo onjalo inkqubo zophendlo lwezifo usulelo unxulunyaniswa, obuquka uphuhliso Ngokuzimela. Ukudumba ingahlakazeki phezulu ureter ngqo nezintso.

schistosomiasis enzala ukuba ekhohlo lunganyangwa unokuba Isigaba ezigulo ezondeleyo. izilonda ureteral luphawulwa nokuhla embilinini yabo distal, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ekuma wesiseko ilitye umchamo kunye nophuhliso pyelonephritis. isifo lamva luphawulwa imbonakalo abanesigulo inyama nogwali calcification. Kule hlobo amaqanda helminth imeko baye calcification. Imilo ye utshintsho isinyi, ukwanda koxinzelelo intravesical. Kwiimeko kuyingozi kakhulu, schistosomiasis kunokukhokelela yokukhubazeka kunye nokufa ngaphambi kwexesha.

Ngabantu, i ngezifo Idla yi abanesigulo le tubules seminiferous, kunye nesini efanelekileyo - embhedeni ezininzi na isifo lobufazi.

uphethwe

ukuqondwa schistosomiasis wokuchama ayenza ngokususela kwidatha lwezonyango (urticaria, ubuthathaka, umkhuhlane, dizuricheskie disorder).

Ngokutsho kweengcali, amaqanda kakhulu ekutyeni nasemakhalaneni kwazona kwi umchamo emini. Noko ke, ozibonayo ngokuqhelekileyo bafunda isampuli umchamo ngemihla. Ummeli ekuqaleni ezibhankini eziphakamileyo, emva kokuba ulwelo ngeembambo likhanyelwe, kwaye kwenze ukuba centrifuged. Emva koko, a kwenze mikrosporiya. Ukumisela phambi kwesi nomchamo of kombungu lwenziwa ngokungqinelana scheme efanayo.

Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha wakho angamisela isiziba biopsy le isifo lwesinye. Ngaphezu koko, cystoscopy kunye ray lusetyenziswa ukuvavanya imeko phecana enzala. iinkqubo ezinjalo zokuxilonga uyakwazi ukubona ukuxozwa kwemithambo yegazi, i deformation ye imilomo ureters, bokuxananaza polypous.

therapy oludingekayo

Treatment kunye nothintelo schistosomiasis kwenziwa kuphela ekufakweni esibhedlele. Izigulane ngokuqhelekileyo wacebisa ukuba 'Praziquantel "okanye" Azinoks "kwi idosi yemihla ngemihla ye-40 mg / kg kabini emini. Ukusebenza ezi mali, ngokutsho kwiingcali, yi 80-95%. Kubalulekile ukuba unyango lwesi sifo bobabo nothomalaliso lingaze ukuphucula ukusebenza kweenkqubo omzimba lwangaphakathi. Kwimeko antibiotics usuleleko zasesekondari elimisiweyo. Xa kwesibindi kakhulu, polyposis kucetyiswa utyando.

Qaphela ukuba "Praziquantel" esiphumelelayo kwaye ngexesha elinye ichiza zexabiso eliphantsi ukuba unako ukuyoyisa yonke schistosomiasis (ziingcongconi). Oku kuthetha ukuba unyango kwakhona eboniswe abantwana abafikisayo. Nangona yokuba emva ikhondo unyango kukho amathuba kwakhona losuleleko-, umngcipheko yokuphuhlisa uhlobo kakhulu zesi sifo kukuba kunokwenzeka noko ukunciphisa nokuzithintela.

Ipredikshini usebenzisa amalungiselelo ezichazwe ngentla-zivuma ngokubanzi.

iingxaki kunokwenzeka

Yimeko ebalulekileyo ekulweni esi sifo unyango kwangoko. schistosomiasis enzala, kungenjalo kusongela uphuhliso iingxaki zingambi kakhulu. Ezi zibandakanya ezi zifo zilandelayo: pyelonephritis, ukusilela ezinganyangekiyo kwezintso. Ukongeza, le ngezifo kugqalwa precancerous wenyaniso, njengoko kwisiqalo of ukudumba ezingapheliyo badla ukuphuhlisa carcinomas cell carcinoma lwesinye.

amanyathelo othintelo

Indlela yokuthintela schistosomiasis enzala? Ukunyanga ezibangela, iimpawu zesi sifo sele ichaziwe ngasentla kweli nqaku. Apha ngezantsi kukho amanyathelo eziphambili yothintelo yayo.

1. Ubhaqo ngexesha nonyango olandelayo kwizigulana esibhedlele.
2. Ukuthintela ukungena amaqanda schistosome emanzini.
3. Ukutshatyalaliswa kweembaza yi molluscicides.
4. Ukusebenzisa iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo yokunkcenkceshela.
5. Ukunxiba impahla yokhuselo ngexesha qha ngqo ngamanzi angcolile.
6. unyango Water (ukuhluza, ukubilisa) ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise.
7. Sokulungisa amachibi ezizingelayo, etshabalalisa saselwandle esineqokobhe.
8. imimandla unikezelo lwamanzi kwindawo enye.
9. imfundo ngezempilo Active ukuba abantu abahlala kwiingingqi zabo.

ingqalelo eyodwa Kucetyiswa ukuba anike abakhenkethi abavela kwiindawo apho schistosomiasis eqhelekileyo enzala. Iimpawu kufuneka wazise bonke. Oku kubangela ezicacileyo abanaluncedo kwi ingcali efanelekileyo. Indlela kuphela ukuthintela ukusasazeka olunye usuleleko kunye ngokoqobo ukusindisa ubomi.

WHO qhinga yokulwa esi sifo lwajoliswa ekunciphiseni unyango ngayo ngamaxesha "Praziquantel". Olu hlobo uthomalaliso kudla kubantu bonke abasengozini (abo bahlala kwiindawo zikho).

Le rhoqo nyango kuxhomekeke kuphela ukwanda usulelo. Kwiindawo kunye namaqondo aphezulu yokosulela sifo afuneka uphindaphindo yonyaka ikhosi unyango, yaye kangangeminyaka eliqela.

Unyango ecetywayo boyise inkqubo enzala ziingcongconi kwi zigaba okuqala kunye nokuthintela inguqu yayo ibe luhlobo engapheliyo abantu abasele besulelwe. Okwangoku, xihinga engundoqo ekuphunyezweni kwenkqubo echazwe apha ngasentla ke usenothinteleka ukufumana amayeza, kodwa ukuba "Praziquantel". Ngokutsho iingxelo, ngo-2012 wafumana%-14 kuphela abantu abafuna ngenene unyango.

isiphelo

Eli nqaku banikwe ulwazi "schistosomiasis wokuchama: oonobangela, iimpawu, isifo kwaye afumane unyango." WHO iingcali isebenza ngemiba nokuthintelwa kwezifo yetropika abangakhathalelwanga yoluntu mihla, eziquka ngezifo ochazwe sithi. Nangona zonke iintlobo zezifo, kuba iimpawu ezifanayo ukuba bakwazi gqolo ukuvela entluphekweni.

Schistosomiasis - isisifo esibi ukuba nyaka ngamnye abafunyenwe rhoqo. Noko ke, ukungqinelana nemigaqo aphantsi yococeko, kunye nonyango kwangoko ivumela ukuba ukulibala ngale ngxaki ngonaphakade.

Sinethemba lokuba kuya kuvela yonke ingcaciso enikwe kweli nqaku ukuba sibe luncedo. Hlala uphilile!