Grays hopper: engobomi, igalelo kwinzululwazi

Kwezezibalo, ngcungela, isazinzulu, yaye umfazi kuphela ikwazile Kwathi igosa indala kwimbali US Navy - le uGrace Murray hopper. biography emfutshane kuya kuthiwa thaca ingqalelo yakho ngezantsi. Zimbalwa abafazi bakwazi ukuhlahlela indlela Navy, kwaye ufanelwe ngakumbi inani ezinjalo uhlonipha amabhaso. In hopper konke oku kwenzeke. Xa umhlala ehamba Agasti 14, 1986 eneminyaka engama-79.

Ukongeza impumelelo entsimini emkhosini, bese waba nodumo nezi kwinkalo ye computer. Uye wenza nokulungelelanisa indalo UNIVAC-1, okokuqala kwimbali ye computer yorhwebo nokuhambisa, omnye bemeko- le COBOL ulwimi lokuprograma, ngumsunguli kuphuhliso nobuchwepheshe computer ophezulu, kwaye iye yaba yinto yezibalo obalaseleyo.

Meet Grays hopper

Bese kunene indoda ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Njengoko umfundi Vassarovskogo college zobugcisa (Vassar yeekholeji), apho kamva wafundisa izibalo, Grays, bese waba bachelor. Emva kwexesha elithile, ukuba sele ufumene isidanga inkosi ukusuka Yale University kunye neminyaka emine kamva - Doctor of Philosophy. Kwaye ngo-1943, yena nguye ukuya reserve yangoku Navy. Emva konyaka, yena akanikwa elinye waza wacela intsebenziswano ngakumbi e Harvard University, apho kamva waqalisa umsebenzi kwi computing kumatshini yokuqala elektroniki "Mark-1".

uMdali emafini

Kwakhona ngowama-1949, yena inxaxheba kuphuhliso kunye nokudalwa ikhompyutha phantsi kwegama «UNIVAC-1" Elucweyweni റാപ്പിംഗ് ukurhangqa kunye Mauchly. Eyokuqala ngubani yaphakamisa olu luvo ukulungiselela inkqubo ulandelelwano ezilandelelanayo imiyalelo, ekuthiwa subroutines, waba Grays, bese. Igalelo ngenzululwazi engenakulinganiswa yayo. On top of ukuba wenza kuphuhliso kwaye okokuqala kwimbali kweprogram emafini. Wakwazi ukufumana kwi yesiqhelo wogcino kunye nokudala nabo inkqubo esele zenziwe kwinkqubo yokubini, neya kuqondwe computer.

Grays hopper waqhubeka ukusebenza kwinkampani emva kokuba uxhulumaniso yayo kwi "Remington Rand" ngo-1951 kunye "Sperry Rand Corporation" ngo-1955.

Kunyaka olandelayo, phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, isebe sakhulula inkqubo yokuqala zorhwebo, ukuqokelela - Flow-hlungu.

Abanye kwexesha kamva igqiba kwelokuba kuyeka inkonzo, kodwa kumsebenzi olandelayo kunyaka usikhumbuza kwakhona ngokwakhe. Gray ukhumbule ukuze kumgangatho Navy ulwimi lwekhompyutha lokuprograma.

Yena ukuba benyukile umhlalaphantsi kakuhle nelilifaneleyo, ngowe-1986, ukuhlala igosa sisebenza kwi Navy. UGrace wafa January 1, 1992 e Arlington, Virginia.

Ootitshala oomatiloshe

Umfazi ngenqanawa - inkathazo. Ngoko uthi ezaziwayo-kakuhle mzekeliso, kodwa odumileyo Grays, bese waba nako ukubuphikisa le sicelo. Wajika ke bafanelwe ukubalulwa akanye yawo Navy, uze ufumane kwisihloko US Navy, uLieutenant.

Umnqweno wakhe ukunyathela ababekhwele kweso sikhephe Grace wachaza yofuzo. umkhulu wakhe waba yangasemva Admiral le lwezithuthi, umkhonze umkhosi wakhe into uzigqala njengezingabalulekanga.

Eli lilinge lokuqala singene inkonzo lwaba ukusilela. Ngenxa mncane ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubudala, kwaye uGrace ngoko sele engama-37 ubudala, yena walelwa. Kodwa uziqhelisa ukupha phezulu bese zange wathi, kwaye okwesibini oko wazinika nesinqanawa ngokuthumela i pre-baqeqeshwa yesigunyaziso esikolweni. Le khosi lugqitywe nge "ezigqwesileyo", ukuze babacandisele zikolo best isidanga.

Phakathi iindonga Harvard

Ngexesha lemfazwe, umkhosi Lutsha KUBI badinga kwempumelelo ezintsha. Kodwa kuye kwanzima ukwenza izibalo iphazamise nzulu ukuqonda izimvo. Yaba inkqubo ibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye usoloko udiniwe ukuba kuthatha ixesha elininzi neenzame. Ke waba nje ingcamango wokudala iikhompyutha yona elektroniki, ezibe izinyanya ngqo iikhompyutha namhlanje.

University Harvard uye nombindi yophuhliso lweeprojekthi amkelwe ingqalelo. Kwaba apha, phantsi kweliso Howard Aiken, yaye kunye ne-IBM-livelise US computer lokuqala-ngonaphakade phantsi kwegama "Marko 1", apho imali eninzi imali. Lo matshini uyakwazi ukwenza ngexesha elifanayo ukudibanisa amaqela amathathu okanye nokuthabatha ngomzuzwana. Le japan lunikwa bafanele ukuba ixesha. "Mark-1" ngequbuliso indawo yi umsebenzi elide kwaye onzima lwabaqhubi ngaphezu ezimashumi na ngokuqinisekileyo ezichaphazela intsebenzo.

Umsebenzi e Harvard wobulali Grays, bese. Ndibeka emagxeni kuye uxanduva olukhulu, ngenxa umgangatho nexesha iziganeko eziqhubekayo kwakuxhomekeke nekamva lelizwe. Kwaba nje oyingcali kuphuhliso kweekhompyutha, kunye nezinto ezintsha kwi kwizifundo zobuxhakaxhaka bolwazi.

Ubomi "umhlali"

1946 waba kwabuguqula for bese. Ngenxa ubudala watshintshelwa ubunkokheli kwi Navy Reserve kwaye phantse bathintelwa evela emkhosini, kuba apho uye wafuna ixesha elide kangaka. Yaba yabanjwa ngokwenene uGrace hayi indlela engcono kakhulu kwimpilo nasengqondweni. Hopper wazama ukufumana uxolo utywala, apho ude uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo baye bavalelwa ngamapolisa ngokuba benxilile. Noko ke, wakwazi ukuba kuthi ndlela-ntle kulo mkhuba kunye nemikhosi ezintsha ukuthatha umsebenzi.

umoya Strong ngumfazi ofanelekileyo ukuba ndizibambe kunye, nangona iimeko, le Grays Myurrey bese. Lento esisiseko ngayo - uphuhliso compiler kunye nokudalwa olunye lweelwimi lwenkqubo COBOL endala, kufika kanye ngeli xesha. Ngapha koko, akukho ngenxa iikhompyutha bakhe namhlanje bayakwazi ukuqonda-level ezininzi iilwimi lwenkqubo, abantu ngaphezu ikhowudi umatshini.

Indawo embalini

Okokuqala, ngubani baguqula ikhompyutha esuka kwikhompyutha enkulu ibe yinto ekwaziyo ngakumbi beyifeza neendidi zemisebenzi ngexesha elinye, kuye uvulindlela computer - Grays, bese. Iifoto ze computer yokuqala, oko kukuthi ubungakanani calculator yayintle, ndahamba izihloko zokuqala zikhutshwa xa eendaba.

UGrace waziva ukuba ikhompyutha kufuneka 'ukuncokola, "kungekhona abo kunye zeros, yaye ngoncedo ulwimi IsiNgesi. Wakwazi ukuzikhusela izimvo zabo kunye imfazwe, ngokwengqiqo emitsha yelizwi. Laliza ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo iimbono ezikhoyo phezu uhlobo kweekhompyutha, yaba ngamandla ukuba wonke. engqondweni Acute yaye ba- nxanelwe ulwazi, ulwazi ishishini ekugqibeleni kuya kunceda bese ukweyisela asebenza ukuchaneka.

Emva kokuyeka inkonzo Grace ngaphezu kanye inxaxheba kuphuhliso computer, njengenye ziingcali ezininzi elihlonelwayo nezesayensi. Ngowe-1959 wabuzwa ukuba ukunceda ngokusesikweni ulwimi lokuprograma Navy COBOL. Nangona igalelo elibalulekileyo enjalo candelo lezobuchwepheshe computer, uGrace zange asirhawule ngokwazo kunye halo uzuko, sicinga impumelelo yakhe nje ngokuba liphiko.

Buyela njenge umphandi

Emva ekubhobhozeni kwakhe inkonzo ngo-1966, uGrace wamiselwa intloko iqela lophando ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki engxamisekileyo entsimini iilwimi kweenkqubo. Nangona imidala injalo bakhe, ayisa, Makube lubabalo maseko ukuba isebenze. Wayelungele ukuchitha iintsuku nobusuku apho. Enjalo lo mfazi mkhulu - Grays, bese. biography emfutshane yophuhliso entsimini yasemkhosini abuna- injezu. Ke inani lwezinto kukushiya akekho ngabandayo - waba akukho lingana kwi candelo lezobuchwepheshe computer. Phakathi iqela elihlolayo, waqhubeka inxaxheba ngokusesikweni COBOL.

Ukushiya inkonzo

Wayeka ngo-1986, ukuba yendawo yangasemva Admiral, ngathi umkhulu wakhe. Kuye wayekhangela kwiBhunga oomatiloshe amanyathelo kunye hustlers kummandla iilwimi kweenkqubo. Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe ezimibalabala ezinikezela ngayo eluntwini, ukuze wenze intetho eyunivesithi. Yena lula ikwazile ukufumana intembeko ababukeli abatsha babe isithixo ebusweni zolutsha. Hopper wasebenza ukuze kuzuze uluntu kwixesha elizayo, ukuze babacandisele ngcungela qwa kwi lentsimi yayo yaye ifumene amawonga ezininzi. Umvuzo obaluleke kakhulu oye walungisa ubomi bakhe, uGrace wacinga inkonzo kwi Navy.

Ekuphetheni

Oku kufanele ngokuba "umama" zobugcisa computer. January 1, 1992 walishiya eli hlabathi yaphumelela amabhaso nokuwuqaphela evela eluntwini odumileyo umfazi matiloshe - Grays, bese. Biography wakhe isimanga, encomekayo. Ukuze kudla iphathwa njenge umcebisi ngokokwenza waphi Navy, leyo ukuba neqhayiya ngokwakhe "Amazing Grace", imbeko leyo ngumtshabalalisi USS bese igama super-Ministry of Energy kunye nekhompyutha. Kuba baninzi, unanamhla yena umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kunye ongumzekelo omhle.