Umphezulu nengxabano

Umphezulu ukuqina ulwelo - lixabiso apho ngokwaneleyo kakuhle ubonakalise ubuchule ukunciphisa fluid kwaye umlinganiso amandla angaphezulu ukungakhululeki, ube nefuthe kwiyunithi ubude line, ibekwe phezu komhlaba ulwelo. Xa kunjalo, ukuba ubungakanani ubude kumda kumphezulu lwelo ukunyulwa l, kwaye kwempixano phezu umboniso, aye kule kumda, - F, ngaloo ndlela, ixabiso kwempixano kumphezulu kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

σ = F / l

umphezulu imimoya Igama ichazwe N / m. Iqondo lobushushu ephakamileyo, uphantsi ixabiso σ ulwelo ehlambulukileyo.

Iziphumo asymmetry sempi intsebenziswano lwalusanda esibekwa utshintsho kunye molecule zibangqongile, luluvo ubukho imikhosi eqhelekileyo tangential ngokunxulumene kujongano. Ezi imikhosi nempembelelo ebalulekileyo umaleko lotshintsho kwemolekyuli. Zezona imikhosi uxinzelelo ezinto eziphilayo kunye umphezulu ukungaqondani phakathi izigaba.

Ukuxhomekeka le σ lomlingani phambi ubumdaka ezahlukeneyo

umphezulu imikhosi kwempixano ezinxulumene ngqo intsebenziswano ezinto eziphilayo kwaye unokuthabatha ezahlukeneyo amaxabiso ulwelo ezahlukeneyo. Xa ulwelo emoyeni kumacandelo Ingxabano kumphezulu entle kakhulu (utywala, benzene, kaEtere) ayikho ibinkulu ukuba ezilulwelo ezo nto aziphethe ngayo. Ekuqaleni sibeka igridi hydrometer, uze ulahle kuyo emanzini. Ngenxa kwegridi yehlathi, le hydrometer iya kugcinwa kwindawo kubunzulu ethile. Kwalandelwa ivuza i kaEtere encinane kwigridi, emva koko hydrometer nangoko sivuka emanzini.

'Ngumlingani ka angaphezulu ukuqina amanzi unxulunyaniswa isixa ubumdaka emanzini. Phezu kwalo amanzi ufake elaqhekeka encinane evela umdlalo. Emva koko, amanzi somthi esibuyiselweyo bar isepha. Emva kwexesha elithile kuya kuba lula ukubona intshukumo elaqhekeka ukuya elunxwemeni inqanawa ukusuka isepha. Ngenxa yoko, umntu ukucinga ukuba akhululeke umphezulu kungancitshiswa ngama- ngokusebenzisa isepha. Xa sifakela enye into ezahlukeneyo izinto eziphilayo (intlama, isepha, iisepha), lo kwempixano umphezulu iya kuncitshiswa. Ngoko, xa ufuna ukufumana namadyungudyungu, kutheni abantu bangeza isepha?

Abaninzi kuthi bakholelwa ukuba, ngenxa icandelo isepha σ ukunyuka. Enyanisweni, oku kuphungula nje izinga kumphezulu inixabanise kwisinye kwisithathu ukuya kwixabiso σ lamanzi ecocekileyo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umboniso eqine isepha kusehla lwee- iimolekyuli isepha phezu kwamanzi, umphezulu nengxabano uchatha. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi kwempembelelo isepha kwiqamza ngakumbi ubuthathaka kwaye asizoluli ngakumbi. Ukongeza, ngenxa emanzini isepha akuthethi emoyeni, yaye ngenxa yoko, igama elithi "umphefumlo" ukukhula kwisinyi.

Ngoku makhe ukubeka la mava: ugalela iswekile ilekese emanzini. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekubeni yinto yokuba elaqhekeka kuya kwenza ukuba le iilekese. Esi sigqibo icacile: phantsi kwempembelelo icandelo iswekile bobume ngengxabano uchatha.

Indlela ukufumanisa 'ngumlingani ka σ ngokusebenzisa emithanjeni?

Ukuze afeze oku, elula ngohlobo lwaso amava kufuneka ube neempahla ezimbalwa ngamanzi kunye emithanjeni.

Le capillary kufuneka ukuthoba ngesitya ngamanzi, yaye emva koko umlinganiselo ukuphakama uyaziphakamisa ulwelo. Emva koko, omnye capillary sibekwe ngamanzi anesepha, emva koko ukuphakama okukunyusa ulinganiswa fluid. factor σ lungafumaneka kwi indlela elihambelanayo:

σ = ρgdh / 4

Okulandelayo azinakulinganiswa okuza of kumphezulu ukuqina iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lulwelo.