Umntu nomfanekiso kaPetros 1 kwisibongo esithi "I-Bronze Horseman"

"I-Horseman's Bronze" mhlawumbi ngumsebenzi ongenakwenzekayo wePushkin, ehambelana nomqondiso obunzulu. Abadumi beembali, abaphengululi beencwadi kunye nabafundi abaqhelekileyo bebhikisana ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, baphula imicumu, beyidala kwaye badumbule iingcamango ngokubhekiselele kulo mbongo oyifunayo. Ingxabano ekhethekileyo iveza umfanekiso kaPetros 1 kwisibongo se-Bronze Horseman.

Ukuphikiswa kukaPetros 1 kuNicholas 1

Umsebenzi wabhalwa ngexesha lolawulo lukaNicholas 1, apho iPushkin yayinamabango amaninzi malunga nokulawulwa koburhulumente: ukunyanzeliswa kwe-Decembrist ukuvukela, ukudala amapolisa eyimfihlo, ukuqaliswa kweenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano. Ngenxa yoko, ezininzi izazinzulu zibona inkcaso yenguquko enkulu uPeter 1 ukuya kuNicholas ophendulayo 1. Kwakhona abaphandi abaninzi bezobugcisa bePushkin bajonga ngokubhaliweyo phakathi kweBronze Horseman kunye neTestamente Elidala. Izikhukula ePetersburg, ngakumbi umkhukula we-1824, zikhokelela umlobi kwiingcamango zomkhukula wehlabathi jikelele, ngoko kumsebenzi i-Bronze Horseman, abaninzi abacingayo badibanisa umfanekiso kaPetros 1 ngomfanekiso kaThixo (unkulunkulu) onamandla okudala nokutshabalalisa.

Isichotho sikaPetrov

Nangona kunjalo, nokuba indawo yezenzo ayikwazi ukuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo. Makhe sibuze umbuzo: "Kuwuphi na umzi isenzo sombongo wePushkin ozinikezele kumkhukula we-1824?" Umbuzo ubonakala uvumela impendulo enye: ngokuqinisekileyo, kwenzeka eSt. Petersburg, kuba umfanekiso kaPeter Omkhulu kubugcisa bukaPushkin buhlanganiswa njalo nesi sixeko. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kulula ukubona, le mpendulo ayikho into engqiqweni: kumgca owodwa wembongo uPeterersburg akakakaze kuthiwa yiPetersburg! Kwintetho esetyenzisiweyo, intsingiselo echazwayo: "Indalo kaPetros" kunye "nesichotho sikaPetros", kwingxenye yokuqala igama elithi Petrograd ("Ngaphaya kwePetrograd ephazamisayo ..." kunye noPetropole kanye (Petripol, njengoTriton ... ").

Kuya kuvela, isixeko siyilo, kodwa oku akuyona into yasePetersburg yangempela, kodwa isixeko esithile semfundiso kaPetros. Ngaloo ndlela abaphandi babonakalisa umfanekiso kaPetros 1 kwisibongo esithi "I-Horse Bronze Horseman". Ukuba sicinga yonke imbhalo yesondlo ngokubanzi, uPetersburg ukhankanywa kathathu kuwo: kanye ngexesha elibhalwe kwiphepha (iNdaba yasePetersburg) kwaye kabini kwimiqulu yomlobi wencwadi. Ngamanye amazwi, ngale ndlela i-Pushkin isinika ukuba siqonde: nangona ukuba "isiganeko esichazwe kweli bali lisekelwe enyanisweni," isixeko apho isenzo senkondlo sibonakala kungekhona iSt. Petersburg. Ngokuchanekileyo, kungekhona nje iSt. Petersburg ngenye indlela iidolophu ezihlukileyo ezintathu, ngasinye sichasene nomnye wabalinganiswa bomsebenzi.

Umfanekiso onqabileyo

Amagama athi "Ukudala kukaPetros" kunye "nesiXeko sikaPetros" ahambelana noPetros - iqhawe elilodwa kuphela le ngxenye yombongo, kwaye ePushkin Peter ibonakala uhlobo lobuThixo. Ngokuphathelele ukufanekisa umfanekiso wakhe, oko kukuthi, malunga nokubonakaliswa komhlaba. KuPushkin, ukubonakala kweso sikhumbuzo - ukuphulwa ngokuthe ngqo komyalelo "ungenzi isithixo." Enyanisweni, oku kuchaza isimo sengqondo esiphikisanayo somlobi kwisikhumbuzo: nangona konke ubukhulu bayo, kunzima, kwaye kunzima ukuqaphela amagama malunga nesithixo esiqhenyayo sokuncoma.

Umbono osemthethweni kukuba u-Pushkin wayenomdla ngokuphathelele uPetros 1 njengomyeni wombuso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulungile: umguqukisi, umlwa, "umakhi" waseSt. Petersburg, umdali wezithuthi. Kwesinye - umlawuli onamandla, ngamanye amaxesha umtyholi kunye nenxuwa. Kwimbongo ethi "Ibhantshi yeBronze" iPushkin, uPetros wachaza umfanekiso ngezindlela ezimbini, ukumphakamisa kwisikhundla sikaThixo kunye ne-half migelo ngexesha elifanayo.

Uhlangothi lwePushkin

Ingxabano eyintandokazi phakathi kwama-culturologists yayingumbuzo othi ngubani uPushkin oxolelane naye: unamandla onke onguPetros, okanye "intombazana" uEugene, owathi wenziwe ngumntu ongeyena mzi, ongencibiliki kuye. Kwimbongo yobuciko "I-Bronze Horseman" inkcazo kaPetros 1 - ukuvuselela isikhumbuzo samandla onke - ichaneka nenkcazo yombuso. Kwaye u-Eugene ungumhlali ongezantsi, inkohlakalo kumatshini omkhulu wombuso. Kukho ukuphikisana kwefilosofi: ngaba kuvunyelwe ukuba urhulumente ekuhambeni kwayo, umnqweno wokuphuhliswa ukulahlekelwa ubomi kunye neziphumo zabantu abaqhelekileyo ukwenzela ukufeza ubukhulu, injongo ethile ephakamileyo? Ngaba wonke umntu ungumntu, kwaye iimfuno zakhe zifanele ziqwalaselwe, kwanokuba zingonakalisa ukuphuhliswa kwelizwe?

I-Pushkin ayizange ibonise ingcamango yakhe engacatshanganga ngokuthetha okanye ngevesi. UPetros wakhe 1 uyakwazi ukudala nokutshabalalisa. U-Eugene wakhe unako ukuthanda (intombi intombazana kaParasha umhlolokazi), aze adibanise kwisihlwele, ebumnyameni besixeko, sibe yinxalenye engenanto. Kwaye-ekugqibeleni - ukufa. Uninzi lwabaphathi be-Pushkin bakholelwa ukuba inyaniso yindawo ethile phakathi: akukho ndawo ngaphandle komntu, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukugcina iimfuno zabantu bonke. Mhlawumbi lo ngumxholo wencwadana yenkondlo.

UPetros 1

Umfanekiso kaPetros awuniki ukuphumla kwiinkcubeko. Kwixesha lamaSoviet, iimfundiso zathintela umguquleli omkhulu ukuba amele unqulo, kuba unqulo lwaluphantsi kwengcinezelo. Kulo lonke, kwakukho "umfanekiso wesibhadulo othethayo", ehlala kwiingcinga ezigulayo zeqhawe lebali lika-Eugene. Ewe, lifanekisela, kodwa uhlalutyo olunzulu lweempawu lube sisisizathu seengxoxo zabafundi abazifundileyo. Ukuthelekisa umfanekiso kaPetros 1 kwisibongo esithi "Ibhantshi yeBronze" kunye nezifundo zeBhayibhile zagqitywa.

Kodwa iPushkin sikaPetros 1 ngumfanekiso wethusi okanye unkulunkulu? Ngenye yeempapasho zaseSoviet, imibongo yePushkin kwi-"Idol kwiHosa leBronze" iqulethe ukuphawula okulandelayo kwimibuzo yasePushkin yasePushkin yokufunda: "Isithixo eselwimi lwasePushkin sithetha" umfanekiso. "Okwangoku, abaphengululi basePushkin bathi xa igama elithi" isithixo "lisetyenziswe nguPushkin Ngokwamazwi, kwaye ngokungafanekiyo, phantse njalo ithetha umfanekiso kaThixo. Le meko inokulandelwa kwiindinyana ezininzi: "Umlobi kunye nesihlwele", "Kwindoda ehloniphekileyo", "IVesuvius of the dawn yavula ..." njl. Nangona uMlawuli uNichollas I, Umbhalo weMibhalo, uqaphele le meko TVO waza wabhala udini nani liphezulu izimvo Disemba 14 1833 Pushkin wenza ungeniso kwidayari, leyo bakhalaza ukuba umlawuli wabuya umbongo kunye nezimvo :. "Igama elithi" Isithixo "akukho iphuthe imingcele uphakamileyo".

Iincwadi zeBhayibhile

I-echo yeemifanekiso zikaPeter kunye neBharze Horseman eneemifanekiso zeBhayibhile zihamba ngokusuka emoyeni. Oku kuboniswa ngabaphengululi abahloniphekileyo basePushkin Brodotskaya, Arkhangelsk, Tarkhov, Shcheglov nabanye. Umbongo, ngokubhekiselele kumgibeli njengesithixo nezithixo, ngokubhekiselele kwiingqungquthela zeBhayibhile. Kuphawulwe ukuba umfanekiso kaPetros uhlanganiselwa rhoqo ngombono kaPushkin wamandla amakhulu esondele kuThixo nakwizinto.

Akunomfanekiso kuphela kaPetros 1 kwisibongo esithi "I-Bronze Horseman" inxulumene nomlingiswa weBhayibhile. U-Eugene ungumlinganiso othe ngqo womnye umlingiswa weTestamente Elidala - uYobhi. Amazwi akhe athukuthelekileyo, athi "Ndiyathanda Ihlabathi" (ibhondi yebhesi), uhambelana nokukrokra kukaYobhi ngokumelene noThixo, kwaye ukukhangela umxhasi wamahashe ovuselelekileyo kufana nesimo "sikaThixo kwiSiphepho" kwiNcwadi kaYobhi.

Kodwa ukuba uPetros ungumTestamente Endala uThixo, kwaye umfanekiso we Falcone ngumfanekiso weshedeni ubeka endaweni yawo, umkhukula we-1824 ngumkhukula weBhayibhile. Ubuncinane, izigqibo ezigqalileyo zenza iingcali ezininzi.

Isihlwayo sezono

Kukho omnye umpawu kaPetros. "I-Horseman's Bronze" yayingayi kuba ngumsebenzi omkhulu ukuba ingaqwalaselwa ngokulula. Abaphandi baqaphele ukuba umgibeli uhleli ecaleni lombutho ongenakunqandeka wendalo njengamandla ajezisa u-Eugene ngenxa yezono. Yena ngokwakhe uloyiko. Ingqonge ubumnyama, iqulethe enkulu kwaye, ngokutsho kwengcamango ye-Pushkin, ichaza into engabonakaliyo eyenza iRashiya.

Ngokomfanekiso we-Bronze Horseman kwingqungquthela, umfanekiso wesenzo sakhe sembali, uqobo lwezinto ezinobundlobongela, ukungaxhatshazi, ukungabikho kobuthathaka obungabonakaliyo kwigama lokuqaphela izicwangciso zakhe ezinokubandezeleka kunye nokuzinikela. Ngomkhweli wobhedu ukuba imbangela yokufa kwehlabathi lakhe, ubundlobongela obungenakulinganiswa phakathi kwamatye namanzi, kugqityiwe, oku kukhonjiswe ngokungalindelekanga ekugqibeleni kokusungulwa emva komfanekiso ongasemva kweso sixeko esinqabileyo, esihle, esiyintsikelelo ehambelana neRashiya.

Pushkin njengomprofeti

Ukuhlaziya umsebenzi, ingcamango ifika yokuba kwizenzo ezimbi intlawulo iza kuza. Oko kukuthi, uPetros ubhedu ufana nabagadi bamahhashi be-Apocalypse, abo bazinikela. Mhlawumbi uPushkin wathintela uTs Nicholas 1 malunga nokungaqiniseki kohlwaywa, ukuba "uhlwayela umoya, uvune isivunguvungu."

Izazi-mlando zibiza ukuvukela kwama-Decembrists i- harbinger ye-revolutions ka-1917. UNicholas 1 ukuchasana ngokugqithisileyo: inxenye yamaC decembrists yaxhonywa, abanye basinda ebomini babathinjwa eSiberia. Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zentlalo ezakhokelela ekuvukeni akuzange ziqwalaselwe ngabasemagunyeni. Impikiswano yokuphikisana iye yavuthwa, kwaye emva kwehafu yeshumi yajika yaba yi-tsarism. Ngalolu khanyiso, iPushkin ibonakala njengomprofeti, yaxela kwangaphambili abantu abangenakubuyiselwa, ababethelela "isixeko sasePetrov", kunye noPetros ngokwakhe ngenkunzi yobhedu.

Isiphelo

Umbongo othi "I-Bronze Horseman" ayikho into elula. Umfanekiso kaPetros uyaphikisana kakhulu, icebo ekuboneni kuqala lilula kwaye liyaqondakala, kodwa isicatshulwa sigcwele iimpawu ezicacileyo nezifihliweyo. Akuyona ingozi yokuba umsebenzi wawunzima kakhulu ukunyanzeliswa kwaye awupapashwa ngokukhawuleza.

Ingqungquthela ineendlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokuphuhliswa kwayo, ezihambelana nesigxina se sixeko sasePetra kunye nesigqibo sika-Eugene. Kwiingoma zamandulo, zininzi iinkcazo zendlela uThixo abhubhisa ngayo imizi, amazwe, abantu bahlala behlwaywa ngenxa yokuziphatha kakubi. Lapha nakwi "Petersburg ibali" kunokulandelwa kwenguqu yePushkin yolu cwangciso: UPetros, umntu owenza i-demiurge, ukhulelwa ukwakha isixeko kuphela ngenxa yoluntu olungileyo. Ekuguqulweni kwendalo, ekugqibeleni koMlambo weNeva, ukufaniswa nokuguqulwa kwephondo kulandelwe ngamatye, ngokukhokelo lweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo kwisiteli sombuso.

Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yomfuziselo-mbonakalo yembongo iboniswa ukuba njani kwaye kutheni ukudala kuba yintlekele. Kwaye oku kudibaniswe nencoko yomkhweli wobhedu, oboniswe nguPushkin, kuqala koku, kwinqaku le-Eugene ingqiqo, egijima kwindawo yokufuna kwakhe umfanekiso ophilileyo. Isixeko, esakhiwe kwisiqwenga somhlaba esikhethwe kwindalo, ekugqibeleni sakhukhula "ngezinto ezithatyathwe".

Ngaba uPushkin wayengumprofeti? Yintoni eyashukumisa ukuba izizathu zenze ukuba abhale indalo ephikisanayo kangaka? Yintoni ayefuna ukuxelela abafundi? Izizukulwana zamaPushkinist, abahlaziyi beengxelo, izazi-mlando, izafilosofi ziya kuqhubeka zixubusha oku. Kodwa into ebalulekileyo yinto enye: yintoni umfundi wekhonkrithi oza kuthatha kwi nkondlo, yinkomo, ngaphandle kokuba umshini wombuso uya kukhwela.