Umgaqo wolawulo-mali

Eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo ebomini yoluntu kuthatha yomgaqo-lawulo wemali. Kumazwe aphuhliswe kakuhle, loo nto ithathwa njengokuba Ukongeza bhetyebhetye okukhawulezileyo-nkqubo karhulumente njengesixhobo ukuba "omhle-tune" okusingqongileyo kwezoqoqosho.

Xa umgaqo-nkqubo onjalo inazo izinto ezimbi, ezo ukubonelela nempembelelo ngqo kuphela kwi neebhanki zorhwebo, injongo kukuba ukulawula Dynamics ubonelelo ngemali. Ngoko ke, ukuba baqondise ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa mboleko abakwazi.

kunceda uqoqosho ukuze kufikelelwe inqanaba iyonke zemveliso, esibonakala kukungabikho kwamandla emali kunye ingqesho epheleleyo enye yeenjongo eziphambili kumgaqo-lawulo wemali.

Umgaqo wolawulo karhulumente iseti amanyathelo ummiselo kwezoqoqosho mboleko kunye nemali kwegazi, nto leyo inenjongo yokuqinisekisa ukukhula koqoqosho incidentally umsebenzi wotyalo-mali, izikhombisi kuneqondo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nezinye iinkqubo zoqoqosho kubaluleke kakhulu.

Eyona njongo iphambili yale nkqubo kuxhomekeke ekuncedeni uqoqosho ukuze kufikelelwe inqanaba yemveliso, ekufuphi kwingqesho epheleleyo kunye namaxabiso ezizinzileyo.

Umgaqo wolawulo karhulumente ke sisetyenziswe Central Bank,,-nkqubo ezichazwe ngurhulumente.

Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kakhulu kumgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo ngamanyathelo olawulo ukuseka uhlobo olusisinyanzelo komsebenzi, ummiselo ezisemthethweni kwenzala.

oovimba Ubuncinane ngalo mzuzu yinxalenye yempahla zebhanki, zonke iibhanki zorhwebo-uhlobo kufuneka sihlale kule akhawunti Central Bank.

Imisebenzi ezimbini eziphambili yenziwa yi-reserve ubuncinane. Okokuqala, benza njengoko nokubonelelwa liabilities neebhanki zorhwebo kunye needipozithi zabaxumi (njengoko reserves ulwelo). Minimum oovimba, okwesibini, kukho izixhobo ezisetyenziswa yi-Central Bank kukulawula ubonelelo imali lizwe.

Kwi-Russian Federation izibambiso karhulumente kwimarike waqala ukuthatha imilo ngo-1993. Xa ukuwa asithoba anesibhozo, yena yaqaliswa kwiintambo mboleko yasekhaya, iibhondi federal, nezibophelelo zikarhulumente elifutshane.

Ngokutsho kwakhe umdla ihlawulwe kwi-mali federal, kodwa ukuze ahlawule elo imixokelelwane awakhululwa ngaphambili, kufuneka sixelise ngokwezavenge ezintsha.

Umgaqo wolawulo karhulumente enxulumene ngokuqinileyo nkqubo angaphandle kwezoqoqosho kunye karhulumente.

Kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo ukuzalana izinto eziphambili kuqoqosho - umthamo imveliso, imfuno aggregate, amaqondo enzala, ubonelelo ngemali. Kananjalo ezilindelwe zabaxumi (uluntu) kunye nabatyali, ukuthembeka non-abemi kunye nabahlali izenzo zikarhulumente. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo yangaphakathi ngetyala kukarhulumente uya kuxhomekeka nencindi kunye ekungeneni yamazwe angaphandle kwelo lizwe.

Kwi ezimeleyo indlela yibhanki eyongameleyo njengendawo isebe likarhulumente, kugqiba ukusebenza kwalo mgaqo-nkqubo, kwakunye ngobugcisa nobuchule lolawulo lalo.

Ebalulekileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo wemali karhulumente afakwe kwi imali 'eqolo' yaye 'etshiphu'. Umgaqo-nkqubo imali "oluziindleko" isekelwe kwinto yokuba isindululo kuphela Dibanisa, oko kuncitshiswa ukufumaneka ngetyala kunye nokwanda iindleko zalo ukunciphisa iindleko kwaye ziqulathe uxinzelelo emali.

Qinisekisa loovimba eziyimfuneko kwiibhanki zorhwebo, okt isakhono ukunika mboleko, ngaba umgaqo imali "cheap", kodwa abanakho ukukunika isiqinisekiso ukuba iibhanki ndingekawuboni ukufumana imali-mboleko yaye andise supply imali.

Ukuba kukho imeko yokuba izenzo nkqubo iya kuba kuphumelele. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba asymmetry nokungazinzi koqoqosho.